Women in Social Work

Description

Women have always played an important, and dominant, role in social work. Originally published in 1975, their special contribution to the profession is the theme of this book, in which demographic data, biographical material and records of social work organizations are skilfully used to show how women shaped the development of social work from 1860 to the 1970s, often in the face of strong male resistance. Covering the earlier years of the period, Dr Walton examines the links with the general movement for women’s rights as well as differences in the attitudes of women social workers to those of the suffrage movement. He shows how the growing influx of men into social work in more recent times has affected the position of their female colleagues. He discusses variations in the proportion of sexes in probation, psychiatric social work, child welfare and medical social work, analyses typical patterns of employment for women social workers, and evaluates the appointment, in 1971, of directors of the social services. The author also looks into the future, exploring the potential contribution of women to the social work profession, with suggestions as to how the problems of women’s employment in social work might be overcome. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Original Title Page Original Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents List of Tables Acknowledgments Introduction Part I: Women Pioneers and Early Social Work Organisations 1860–1914 1 Employment and Education for Women Family Patterns and Entry to Professions Teaching, Nursing and Philanthropy Miss Parkes and the English Woman's Journal Employment Bureau Philanthropy and Higher Education—Emily Davies Josephine Butler, Octavia Hill, Mary Carpenter 2 Women as Innovators in Social Work Male Creative Influence in New Welfare Developments Female Initiatives Contrasting Approaches—Octavia Hill, Josephine Butler, Mary Carpenter 3 Women in Social Work Organisations Introduction The Charity Organisation Society The Poor Law: Visitors and Guardians The Poor Law: Employment Under the Poor Law—Institutional Staff and Relieving Officers Women Inspectors: The Poor Law Women Inspectors: Prisons and Reformatories Women Inspectors: Factories Moral Welfare Almoning Probation Settlements 4 Women and Social Work Education The Need for Training—Charity Organisation Society Concern and Policy Tension Between the Charity Organisation Society and University Courses The School of Sociology and the Spread of Social Studies Teaching Academic and Practical Work Women's Changing Choice of Training Opportunities 5 Women Social Workers, Women's Suffrage, and Social Reform Introduction Attitudes to the Women's Suffrage Movement—Octavia Hill, Josephine Butler, Mary Carpenter A New Generation of Women Linking Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Social Work—Violet Markham, Eleanor Rathbone, Cecile Matheson Patterns of Involvement 6 Overview 1860–1914 Main Trends Social Work as a Career for Women Professional Identity and the Ideal of Service Marx, Engels and Veblen—Theoretical Views Part II: Emergent Profession 1914–39 7 The First World War Impact on Social Work Munitions Work Training and Opportunities for Paid Social Work Almoning Probation Moral Welfare and Housing Management Mental Hygiene and American links 8 Women's Social Position and Career Prospects 1918–39 Limited Emancipation for Women Employment Problems Low Pay and Poor Prospects in Social Work Class and Social Work 9 Women in Social Work Organisations 1918–39 General or Specialised Social Work Almoning Probation Psychiatric Social Work House Property Management Moral Welfare Settlements Women Inspectors 10 Overview 1918–39 Training Patterns and Problems of Recruitment Women and Professional Development Five Women Part III: Social Work 1939–71: An Expanding Mixed Profession 11 The Second World War War and welfare Almoning Psychiatric Social Work Probation The Caxton Hall Conference, 1942 Voluntary Effort in Wartime—Women in Action Venereal Disease Child Welfare, Women and Social Work 12 The Demographic Background After 1945 Marriage, Family and Work Trends in the Balance of Men and Women in Social Welfare Social Welfare, Teaching and Nursing 13 Social Work Under the Microscope 1945–51 The Welfare State and the Significance of Child Care Service The State of Social Work—Younghusband and Simey Social Work and the Vanishing Poor Law Universities and Social Work Developments in Probation, Almoning and Psychiatric Social Work 14 Two Decades Of Training 1951–71 New Demands and Limited Resources Women in Social Studies Departments The Younghusband Report, 1959 Training in Child Care and Health and Welfare Generic Training Fieldwork Teaching Central Government Reorganisation and the National Institute for Social Work Training Training as a Special Field for Women 15 Women in Social Work Agencies and the Social Work Profession: The Male Threat The Wider Pattern of Recruitment and Employment Psychiatric Social Work Medical Social Work Child Care Probation Local Studies Directors of Social Services Social Work Inspectors Voluntary Social Work Professional Organisation 16 Problems of Women's Employment in Social Work Defining the Issues Married Women and Part-Time Work Hesitant Responses to Women's Position Women's Liberation and Social Work 17 Conclusion Motivation for Social Work Differentiation of Male and Female Social Work Roles Leadership and Administrative Abilities of Women in Social Work Future Trends Maximising Women's Contribution Reinterpreting the History of Social Work Notes Bibliography Index