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v. 1. A-C -- v. 2. D-K -- v. 3. L-R -- v. 4. S-Z, appendices, index.;This encyclopedia considers both the professional ethics of science and technology, and the social, ethical, and political issues raised by science and technology. v. 1. A-C -- v. 2. D-K -- v. 3. L-R -- v. 4. S-Z, appendices, index. v. 1. -- Abortion / Mark R. Wicclair, Gabriella Gosman -- Accountability In Research / Adil E. Shamoo -- Accounting / Sajay Samuel -- Acid Mine Drainage / Robert Frodeman -- Activist Science Education / Mónica Edwards Schachter -- Acupuncture / Lonny S. Jarrett -- Advertising, Marketing, And Public Relations / Adam Briggle, Jonathan Wallace -- Affluence / Daniel Sarewitz, Edward J. Woodhouse -- African Perspectives : Computers In South Africa / Sheila Rock -- HIV/AIDS In Africa / Pelucy Ntambirweki -- Aggression / David P. Barash -- Aging And Regenerative Medicine / Leonard Hayflick -- Agrarianism / Jeremy Beer -- Agricultural Ethics / Paul B. Thompson -- Air / David Rothenberg -- Airplanes / Kenneth W. Van Treuren -- Alienation / Richard Schmitt -- Alternative Energy / Frank N. Laird -- Alternative Technology / Jean Robert, Sajay Samuel -- Altruism / Kristen Renwick Monroe -- American Association For The Advancement Of Science / Mark S. Frankel -- Anders, Günther / Ernst Schraube -- Androids / Robert Sparrow -- Anglo-Catholic Cultural Criticism / Perry C. Bramlett -- Animal Experimentation / Marc R. Fellenz -- Animal Rights / Marc R. Fellenz -- Animal Tools / William C. McGrew -- Animal Welfare / Bernard E. Rollin -- Anscombe, G.E.M. / Ruth Duerr -- Antibiotics / Andrew Price -- Apollo Program / David R. Williams -- Applied Ethics / Ruth Chadwick -- Archeological Ethics / Elizabeth C. McNie -- Architectural Ethics / Gregory Caicco -- Arendt, Hannah / Anne Chapman -- Aristotle And Aristotelianism / Kenneth C. Blanchard, Jr. -- Arsenic / Wil Lepkowski -- Artificial Morality / Peter Danielson -- Artificial Intelligence / John P. Sullins III -- Artificiality / Massimo Negrotti -- Asilomar Conference / Adam Briggle -- Asimov, Isaac / Edward Seiler -- Assisted Reproduction Technology / Inmaculada De Melo-Martín -- Association For Computing Machinery / Michael C. Loui -- Astronomy / Mark A. Bullock -- Atlantis, Old And New / Larry Arnhart -- Atomic Bomb / Dennis W. Cheek -- Atoms For Peace Program / William C. Potter -- Augustine / Eugene Teselle -- Australian And New Zealand Perspectives / Stephen F. Johnston -- Authoritarianism / Lowell W. Barrington -- Automation / A. George Schillinger -- Automobiles / Rudi Volti -- Autonomous Technology / Wha-Chul Son -- Autonomy / Sara Goering -- Aviation Regulatory Agencies / Kenneth W. Van Treuren -- Axiology / Evandro Agazzi -- Bacon, Francis / Larry Arnhart -- Baruch Plan / Margaret Cosentino, Jessica L. Cox -- Bay Area Rapid Transit Case / Stephen H. Unger -- Bell, Daniel / Paul T. Durbin -- Benjamin, Walter / James A. Lynch -- Berdyaev, Nikolai / Stephen Janos -- Berlin, Isaiah / Joshua L. Cherniss -- Bernal, J.D. / Helena Sheehan -- Bethe, Hans / Adam Briggle -- Bhopal Case / Deena Murphy-Medley, Joseph R. Herkert -- Bhutan / Jeffrey R. Timm -- Biodiversity / Bryan G. Norton -- Biodiversity Commercialization / Ignacio Ayestarán, Carl Mitcham -- Bioengineering Ethics / George Bugliarello -- Bioethics / Richard Sherlock -- Bioethics Centers / Arthur L. Caplan, Autumn Fiester -- Bioethics Committees And Commissions / Adam Briggle, Carl Mitcham -- Biological Weapons / Jean Pascal Zanders -- Biometrics / Bilge Yesil -- Biophilia / J. Baird Callicott -- Biosecurity / Samuel C. McQuade III -- Biostatistics / Valerie Miké -- Biotech Ethics / Larry Arnhart -- Birth Control / Inmaculada De Melo-Martín, Adam Briggle -- Blackett, Patrick / Adam Briggle -- Body / Don Ihde -- Boyle, Robert / Edward B. Davis -- Brain Death / Stuart J. Youngner -- Brave New World / Larry Arnhart -- Brecht, Bertolt / Carol Martin [and others] -- Bridges / Jonathan Wallace -- Buddhist Perspectives / Peter D. Hershock -- Building Codes / Steven A. Moore -- Building Destruction And Collapse / Sarah K.A. Pfatteicher -- Bush, Vannevar / Adam Briggle, Carl Mitcham -- Business Ethics / David W. Gill -- Butler, Samuel / James A. Lynch -- Canadian Perspectives / Peter W.B. Phillips -- Cancer / David J. Hess -- Capitalism / Willard Delavan, Carl Mitcham -- Carson, Rachel / Maril Hazlett -- Central European Perspectives / Maria Kostyszak -- Change And Development / Govindan Parayil -- Chemical Weapons / John Hart -- Chemistry / Juan Bautista Bengoetxea -- Chernobyl / Edward H. Klevans, Darryl L. Farber -- Chinese Perspectives : Overview / Yin Dengxiang, Li Shixin -- Engineering Ethics / Liu Zeyuan -- Research Ethics / Wang Qian -- Choice Behavior / Elizabeth J. Mulligan, Eric D. Claus -- Christian Perspectives : Contemporary Assessments Of Science / Brent Waters -- Contemporary Assessments Of Technology / Brent Waters -- Historical Traditions / Brent Waters -- Cicero's Creed / Rosa L. Pinkus, Larry J. Shuman, Harvey Wolfe -- Citizenship / Edward J. Woodhouse -- Civil Society / Edward J. Woodhouse -- Class / Edward J. Woodhouse -- Clinical Trials / Charles Weijer -- Codes Of Ethics / Michael Davis -- Colonialism And Postcolonialism / Juan E. De Castro -- Common Heritage Of Mankind Principle / Kim Alaine Rathman -- Communication Ethics / Clifford G. Christians -- Communications Regulatory Agencies / Tind Shepper Ryen -- Communism / Joshua Muravchik -- Communitarianism / Amitai Etzioni -- Community / Thomas C. Hilde -- Complementary And Alternative Medicine / David J. Hess -- Complexity And Chaos / Alicia Juarrero -- Computer Ethics / Deborah G. Johnson -- Computer Viruses/Infections / Keith W. Miller -- Comte, Auguste / Steven Kreis -- Conflict Of Interest / Michael Davis -- Confucian Perspectives / Chenyang Li -- Consciousness / Anthony Freeman -- Consensus Conferences / Patrick W. Hamlett -- Consequentialism / Thomas M. Powers -- Conservation And Preservation / Paul T. Durbin -- Conservatism / James Seaton -- Constructive Technology Assessment / Johan W. Schot -- Consumerism / Edward J. Woodhouse -- Contracts / Vivian Weil -- Corruption / Wil Lepkowski -- Cosmetics / Sara Goering -- Cosmology / Mark A. Bullock -- Crime / Margo Wilson, Martin Daly -- Critical Social Theory / J. Craig Hanks -- Cultural Lag / Adam Briggle, Carl Mitcham -- Cyberculture / Andoni Alonso, Anaki Arzoz, Carl Mitcham -- Cybernetics / Ranulph Glanville -- Cyberspace / Agustin Araya -- Cyborgs / Martijntje W. Smits. v. 2. -- Dams / Jonathan Wallace -- Daoist Perspectives / Liu Xiaogan -- Darwin, Charles / Joseph H. Carroll -- DC-10 Case / John H. Fielder -- DDT / Christine Keiner -- Death And Dying / Eric T. Hammer, Carl Mitcham -- Death Penalty / Louis P. Pojman -- Decision Support Systems / Robin M. Harrap, Robert Frodeman -- Decision Theory / Herbert Gintis -- Deforestation And Desertification / Paul T. Durbin -- Dematerialization And Immaterialization / Carl Mitcham, Jonathan Wallace -- Democracy / Frank N. Laird -- Deontology / Thomas M. Powers -- DES (Diethylstilbestrol) Children / Dolores Ibarreta, Shanna H. Swan -- Descartes, René / Larry Arnhart -- Design Ethics / Richard Buchanan -- Dessauer, Friedrich / Carl Mitcham -- Determinism / Robert T. Pennock -- Development Ethics / Luis Camacho -- Dewey, John / J. Craig Hanks -- Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders / Carleton A. Palmer -- Digital Divide / Martin Ryder -- Digital Libraries / Thomas C. Reeves -- Dignity / Ted Peters -- Direct Democracy / Carl Mitcham -- Disability / Gregor Wolbring -- Discourse Ethics / Charles Ess -- Distance / Héctor José Huyke -- Dominance / David P. Barash -- Double Effect And Dual Use / Adam Briggle -- Drugs / Nancy D. Campbell -- Dubos, René / Christine Keiner -- Durkheim, Émile / Alan Sica -- Dutch Perspectives / Hub Zwart, Annemiek Nelis -- Earth / Glen A. Mazis -- Earthquake Engineering / James P. Horne, David R. Bonneville -- Earth Systems Engineering And Management / Braden R. Allenby, Michael E. Gorman -- Ecological Economics / Joshua C. Farley -- Ecological Footprint / Dahlia Chazan, Jason Venetoulis -- Ecological Integrity / Laura Westra -- Ecological Restoration / Eric Higgs -- Ecology / Holmes Rolston III -- Economics And Ethics / Herbert Gintis -- Economics : Overview / Carl Mitcham, Ross Mckitrick -- Edison, Thomas Alva / Paul Israel -- Education / Leonard J. Waks -- Efficiency / José Manuel De Cózar-Escalante -- Einstein, Albert / Benjamin Bederson -- Ellul, Jacques / Andrew J. Goddard -- Embryonic Stem Cells / Andrea L. Bonnicksen -- Emergent Infectious Diseases / Wesley Dean, H. Morgan Scott -- Emotion / Dylan Evans -- Emotional Intelligence / Marlene K. Sokolon -- Energy / Jean Robert, Sajay Samuel -- Engineering Design Ethics / Ibo Van De Poel -- Engineering Ethics : Overview / Charles E. Harris, Jr., Michael S. Pritchard, Michael J. Rabins -- Europe / Christelle Didier, Bertrand Hériard Dubreuil -- Engineering Method / Billy V. Koen -- Engineers For Social Responsibility / Alastair Gunn -- Enlightenment Social Theory / Richard Olson -- Enquete Commissions / Wolfgang Krohn -- Entertainment / Dennis W. Cheek -- Entrepreneurism / Michael E. Gorman, Emily Lynn Brumm -- Environmental Economics / Mark Sagoff -- Environmental Ethics / David Strong -- Environmental Impact Assessment / Franz Allen Foltz -- Environmentalism / Bob Pepperman Taylor -- Environmental Justice / Robert Figueroa -- Environmental Regulation / José Luis Luján, Adam Briggle -- Environmental Rights / Vicente Bellver Capella -- Epidemiology / Valerie Miké -- Equality / Louis P. Pojman -- Ergonomics / Martin T. Pietrucha -- Ethical Pluralism / Joshua L. Cherniss -- Ethics Assessment Rubrics / Larry Shuman, Barbara M. Olds, Mary Besterfield-Sacre -- Ethics And Technology : A Program For Future Research (Introductory Essay) / Deborah G. Johnson, Thomas M. Powers -- Ethics Of Care / Indira Nair -- Ethics Of Evidence : A Call For Synthesis (Introductory Essay) / Valerie Miké -- Ethics : Overview / Carl Mitcham -- Ethology / David P. Barash -- Eugenics / Richard Weikart -- Euthanasia / Ruth Chadwick -- Euthanasia In The Netherlands / Pieter Tijmes -- Evolutionary Ethics / Larry Arnhart -- Evolution-Creationism Debate / Larry Arnhart -- Existentialism / David Kolb -- Experimentation / Wolfgang Krohn -- Expertise / Robert P. Crease, Evan M. Selinger -- Exposure Limits / Sven Ove Hansson -- Fact/Value Dichotomy / Hugh Lacey -- Family / Murli M. Sinha -- Fascism / David Baker -- Faust / Adam Briggle -- Federation Of American Scientists / Adam Briggle -- Feminist Ethics / Nancy Tuana -- Feminist Perspectives / Nancy Tuana -- Fetal Research / Robert H. Blank -- Fire / Morgan J. Hurley -- Food And Drug Agencies / Robert J. Paradowski -- Food Science And Technology / Manfred Kroger -- Ford Pinto Case / Douglas Birsch -- Ford, Henry / Thomas D. Cornell -- Forensic Science / Samuel C. Mcquade III -- Foucault, Michel / Alexander E. Hooke -- Frankenstein / Eric S. Rabkin -- Free Software / Patrick Ball -- Free Will / Kenneth C. Blanchard Jr. -- Freedom / Daryl J. Wennemann -- French Perspectives / Daniel Cérézuelle -- Freud, Sigmund / William M. Shields -- Fuller, R. Buckminster / Henry H. Walbesser -- Future Generations / Ernest Partridge -- Gaia / Daniel Sarewitz -- Galenic Medicine / Samar Farage -- Galilei, Galileo / Mark A. Kalthoff -- Galton, Francis / Nicholas Wright Gillham -- Game Theory / Herbert Gintis -- Gandhi, Mohandas / Arun Gandhi -- Gates, Bill / Jim Grote -- Gene Therapy / Françoise Baylis, Jason Scott Robert -- Genethics / Robert H. Blank -- Genetically Modified Foods / Thomas R. DeGregori -- Genetic Counseling / Silja Samerski -- Genetic Research And Technology / Inmaculada De Melo-Martín -- Genetics And Behavior / Jason Scott Robert -- Genocide / Elizabeth C. McNie -- Geographic Information Systems / Maeve A. Boland -- Georgia Basin Futures Project / John Robinson, James Tansey -- German Perspectives / Bernhard Irrgang -- Girard, René / Jim Grote -- Global Climate Change / Robert Frodeman -- Globalism And Globalization / Gavin Kitching -- Global Positioning System / Maeve A. Boland -- Governance Of Science / Daniel Sarewitz -- Grant, George / William Christian -- Green Ideology / Anne Chapman -- Green Revolution / Suzanne M. Moon -- Habermas, Jürgen / Antti Kauppinen -- Hacker Ethics / Deborah G. Johnson -- Haldane, J.B.S. / Krishna R. Dronamraju -- Hardin, Garrett / Craig A. Straub -- Hardware And Software / Keith W. Miller -- Hazards / Daniel Sarewitz -- Health And Disease / Dominic A. Sisti -- Heavy Metals / Wil Lepkowski -- Hegel, Georg / Wilhelm Friedrich, Craig Condella -- Heidegger, Martin / Mark Blitz -- Hindu Perspectives / Subhash Kak -- Hiroshima And Nagasaki / Dennis W. Cheek -- HIV/AIDS / Marilyn Averill -- Hobbes, Thomas / Adam Briggle, Carl Mitcham -- Holocaust / Darrell J. Fasching -- Homosexuality Debate / Robert Alan Brookey -- Hormesis / Adam Briggle -- Human Cloning / Glenn McGee -- Human Genome Organization / Tind Shepper Ryen -- Human Nature / Larry Arnhart -- Humanism / Fred Edwords -- Humanitarian Science And Technology / Carl Mitcham, Juan Lucena, Suzanne Moon -- Humanization And Dehumanization / Carl Mitcham, Adam Briggle -- Human Rights / Audrey R. Chapman -- Human Subjects Research / Jeffrey P. Spike -- Hume, David / Shane Drefcinski -- Husserl, Edmund / Michael R. Kelly -- Huxley, Aldous / Adam Briggle -- Hypertext / Antonio Rodríguez De Las Heras, Carl Mitcham -- Ibero-American Perspectives / José A. López Cerezo -- Illich, Ivan / Carl Mitcham -- In Vitro Fertilization And Genetic Screening / Andrea L. Bonnicksen -- Incrementalism / Marvin J. Croy -- Indian Perspectives / Uday T. Turaga -- Indigenous Peoples' Perspectives / John A. Grim -- Industrial Revolution / Robert Martello -- Information / Luciano Floridi -- Information Ethics / Edwin M. Elrod, Martha M. Smith -- Information Overload / A. Pablo Iannone, Adam Briggle -- Information Society / Bruce Bimber -- Informed Consent / Janet Malek -- Institute Of Electrical And Electronics Engineers / Joseph R. Herkert -- Institute Of Professional Engineers New Zealand / Alastair Gunn -- Institutional Biosafety Committees / Adam Briggle -- Institutional Review Boards / Adam Briggle -- Instrumentation / Don Ihde -- Intellectual Property / Marilyn Averill -- Interdisciplinarity / Julie Thompson Klein -- International Commission On Radiological Protection / Per Wikman -- International Council For Science / Matthias Kaiser -- International Relations / Eugene B. Skolnikoff -- Internet / Agustin Araya -- Invention / Guenter Ropohl -- IQ Debate / James R. Flynn -- Islamic Perspectives / Osman Bakar -- Italian Perspectives / Fabio Minazzi -- Japanese Perspectives / Heinz C. Luegenbiehl, Jun Fudano -- Jaspers, Karl / Peter-Paul Verbeek -- Jefferson, Thomas / Garrett Ward Sheldon -- Jewish Perspectives / R.E. Spier -- Jonas, Hans / Ton Van Der Valk -- Journalism Ethics / Deni Elliott -- Juana Inés De La Cruz / Juan E. De Castro -- Jung, Carl Gustav / William M. Shields -- Jünger, Ernst / Marcos García De La Huerta -- Justice / Louis P. Pojman -- Just War / James Turner Johnson -- Kant, Immanuel / Daryl J. Wennemann -- Kierkegaard, Søren / Daniel Conway -- Kuhn, Thomas / Steve Fuller. v. 3. -- Lasswell, Harold D. / Ronald D. Brunner -- Leibniz, G.W. / Christopher Arroyo -- Leopold, Aldo / Tina Gianquitto -- Levi, Primo / Joshua L. Cherniss -- Levinas, Emmanuel / Lucas D. Introna -- Lewis, C.S. / Perry C. Bramlett -- Liberalism / Struan Jacobs -- Libertarianism / Arnold Kling -- Life / Carl Mitcham, Adam Briggle -- Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty / Jessica L. Cox, Margaret Cosentino -- Limits / Wolfgang Sachs -- Locke, John / Kenneth C. Blanchard, Jr. -- Logical Empiricism / Andoni Ibarra, Thomas Mormann -- Luddites and Luddism / Frank H.W. Edler -- Luhmann, Niklas / Ole Thyssen -- Lyotard, Jean-François / Kem D. Crimmins -- Lysenko Case / Helena Sheehan -- Machiavelli, Niccolò / Kenneth C. Blanchard, Jr. -- Management : Overview / Carl Mitcham -- Models / Joseph A. Petrick -- Marcuse, Herbert / David M. Kaplan -- Market Theory / Arnold Kling -- Marx, Karl / Stephen K. Sanderson -- Marxism / Helena Sheehan -- Material Culture / Albert Borgmann -- Materialism / Topi Heikkerö -- McClintock, Barbara / Evelyn Fox Keller -- McLuhan, Marshall / Eric McLuhan -- Mead, Margaret / Mary Catherine Bateson -- Medical Ethics / Richard Sherlock -- Merton, Robert / Jerry Gaston -- Meta-Analysis / Valerie Miké -- Military Ethics / Martin L. Cook -- Military-Industrial Complex / Genevieve Maricle -- Mill, John Stuart / Nicholas Capaldi -- Mining / Maeve A. Boland -- Misconduct In Science : Overview / Stephanie J. Bird -- Biomedical Science Cases / Janet Malek -- Physical Sciences Cases / David L. Goodstein -- Social Science Cases / Robert L. Sprague, Carl Mitcham -- Missile Defense Systems / Thomas Blau -- Models and Modeling / William A. Wallace, Kenneth R. Fleishmann -- Modernization / Jonathan Wallace -- Mondragón Cooperative Corporation / Ana Cuevas Badallo -- Money / John E. Jalbert -- Monitoring and Surveillance / Samuel C. McQuade III, Peter Danielson -- Montreal Protocol / Penelope Canan, Nancy Reichman -- More, Thomas / George M. Logan -- Morris, William / Peter Stansky -- Movies / Jonathan Wallace -- Multiple-Use Management / Janaki R.R. Alavalapati, Jensen R. Montambault -- Mumford, Lewis / Adam Briggle, Carl Mitcham -- Murdoch, Iris / Mary Lenzi -- Museums of Science and Technology / Allison C. Marsh -- Music / Matthias Rieger -- Nanoethics / Rosalyn W. Berne -- Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, And Ethics : Promise and Peril (Introductory Essay) / Ray Kurzweil -- National Academies / Kevin Finneran -- National Aeronautics and Space Administration / Radford Byerly Jr. -- National Geological Surveys / P. Patrick Leahy, Christine E. Turner -- National Institutes Of Health / Sarah A. Leavitt -- Nationalism / Gavin Kitching -- National Parks / Marilyn Berlin Snell -- National Science Foundation / Rachelle D. Hollander -- National Science Foundation Second Merit Criterion / J. Britt Holbrook -- Natural Law / Kenneth Einar Himma -- Nature / Larry Arnhart -- Nature Versus Nurture / Kenneth C. Blanchard, Jr. -- Nazi Medicine / Francis R. Nicosia -- Neoliberalism / Gavin Kitching -- Networks / Anna Nagurney -- Neuroethics / Stephanie J. Bird -- Neutrality In Science And Technology / Russell J. Woodruff -- New Technologies / Hans Lenk -- Newton, Isaac / Stephen D. Snobelen -- Nietzsche, Friedrich W. / Daniel Conway -- Nightingale, Florence / Valerie Miké -- Nongovernmental Organizations / M. Ann Howard -- Normal Accidents / Adam Briggle, Jonathan Wallace -- Nuclear Ethics : Industrial Perspectives / Raymond E. Spier -- Weapons Perspectives / Carl Mitcham -- Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty / Jessica L. Cox, Margaret Cosentino -- Nuclear Regulatory Commission / Darryl L. Farber -- Nuclear Waste / Darryl L. Farber, Edward H. Klevans -- Nutrition And Science / Robert J. Paradowski -- Office Of Research Integrity / Nicholas H. Steneck -- Office Of Technology Assessment / Gregory Clifford Kunkle -- Oil / John R. Fanchi -- Open Society / Adam Briggle, Carl Mitcham -- Operations Research / Giorgio Gallo -- Oppenheimer, Frank / Carl Mitcham -- Oppenheimer, J. Robert / Benjamin Bederson -- Organ Transplants / Sheldon Zink -- Organic Foods / Jason M. Vogel -- Organization For Economic Cooperation And Development / Jonathan Wallace -- Ortega Y Gasset, José / Vicente Bellver Capella -- Pareto, Vilfredo / Alan Sica -- Parsons, Talcott / Alan Sica -- Participation / Evan M. Selinger -- Participatory Design / Peter M. Asaro -- Pascal, Blaise / Valerie Miké -- Pauling, Linus / Robert J. Paradowski -- Peer Review / Daryl E. Chubin, Edward H. Hackett -- Peirce, Charles Sanders / Vincent Colapietro -- Persistent Vegetative State / Jeffrey P. Spike -- Pets / Diane P. Michelfelder, William H. Wilcox -- Phenomenology / Lucas D. Introna -- Place / Robert Frodeman -- Plagiarism / Jon A. Leydens -- Planning Ethics / Susan Hendler -- Plastics / Martijntje W. Smits -- Plato / Kenneth C. Blanchard, Jr. -- Playing God / Ted Peters -- Polanyi, Karl / Carl Mitcham -- Polanyi, Michael / Phil Mullins -- Police / Chuck Klein, Adam Briggle -- Political Economy / David M. Hart -- Political Risk Assessment / Eul-Soo Pang -- Pollution / A. Pablo Iannone -- Polygraph / Martin Ryder -- Popper, Karl / Dominic Balestra -- Popular Culture / Marcel Danesi -- Population / Franz Allen Foltz -- Population Policy In China / Wang Qian, Qian Qian -- Posthumanism / Stephen G. Post -- Postmodernism / Marcel Danesi -- Poverty / Wolfgang Sachs -- Power Systems / James J. Winebrake -- Pragmatism / Paul T. Durbin -- Praxiology / Taft H. Broome, Jr. -- Precautionary Principle / Poul Harremoës -- Prediction / Daniel Sarewitz -- President's Council On Bioethics / Larry Arnhart -- Preventive Engineering / Willem H. Vanderburg -- Prisoner's Dilemma / Herbert Gintis -- Privacy / Jeroen Van Den Hoven -- Probability : Basic Concepts Of Mathematical Probability / Valerie Miké -- History Interpretation And Application / Valerie Miké -- Product Safety And Liability / Joseph R. Herkert -- Profession And Professionalism / Michael Davis -- Professional Engineering Organizations / Byron P. Newberry -- Progress / Steven L. Goldman -- Prometheus / Mary Lenzi, Carl Mitcham -- Property / Willard Delavan -- Prosthetics / Philip Brey -- Pseudoscience / Michael Shermer -- Psychology : Overview / Elizabeth J. Mulligan, Amy Santamaria -- Humanistic Approaches / Glenn R. Willis, Margaret M. Brace -- Psychopharmacology / Elizabeth J. Mulligan, Eric C. Claus -- Public Policy Centers / Vicki Arroyo -- Public Understanding Of Science / Nicanor Ursua -- Pugwash Conferences / Jeffrey M. Boutwell -- Pure And Applied / Russell J. Woodruff -- Qualitative Research / Janice M. Morse -- Race / Rayvon Fouché -- Radiation / Per Wikman -- Radio / J. Brian Thomas -- Railroads / Jonathan Wallace -- Rain Forest / Paul T. Durbin -- Ramsey, Paul / Dennis W. Cheek -- Rand, Ayn / Onkar Ghate -- Rational Choice Theory / Herbert Gintis -- Rawls, John / Mary Lenzi -- Recognizing The Structural Features Of New Technologies (Introductory Article) / Hans Lenk -- Regulation And Regulatory Agencies / Raymond E. Spier -- Regulatory Toxicology / Christina Rudén -- Reliability / Ross B. Corotis, Adam Briggle, Carl Mitcham -- Research Ethics, Engineering Ethics, And Science And Technology Studies (Introductory Essay) / Ronald R. Kline -- Research Ethics : Overview / Adam Briggle, Stephanie J. Bird -- Research Integrity / David H. Guston -- Responsibility : Overview / Carl Mitcham -- Anglo-American Perspectives / Deborah G. Johnson -- German Perspectives / Hans Lenk -- Responsible Conduct Of Research / Stephanie J. Bird -- Rhetoric Of Science And Technology / Leah Ceccarelli -- Rights Theory / Ruth Chadwick -- Right To Die / Ruth Chadwick -- Right To Life / Ruth Chadwick -- Rights And Reproduction / Ruth Chadwick -- Risk And Emotion / Sabine Roeser -- Risk And Safety : Overview / Carl Mitcham -- Risk Assessment / Ann Bostrom -- Risk Ethics / Sven Ove Hansson -- Risk Perception / Ann Bostrom -- Risk Society / Helena Mateus Jerónimo -- Roads And Highways / Dennis W. Cheek -- Robot Toys / Peter Danielson -- Robots And Robotics / Robert Sparrow -- Rotblat, Joseph / Jeffrey Boutwell -- Rousseau, Jean-Jacques / Leonard R. Sorenson -- Royal Commissions / Peter Lévesque -- Royal Society / Ruth Duerr -- Russell, Bertrand / Volker Friedrich, Carl Mitcham -- Russian Perspectives / Vitaly Gorokhov. v. 4. -- Safety Engineering : Historical Emergence / William M. Shields -- Practices / Sven Ove Hansson -- Safety Factors / Sven Ove Hansson -- Sakharov, Andrei / Gennady Gorelik -- Sanger, Margaret / Jennifer Chesworth -- Scandinavian And Nordic Perspectives / Lars Fuglsang, Jacob Dahl Rendtorff -- Schweitzer, Albert / Claus Günzler, Hans Lenk -- Science And Engineering Indicators / Wil Lepkowski -- Science Fiction / Rob Latham -- Science : Overview / Carl Mitcham, Adam Briggle -- Science Policy / Roger A. Pielke Jr. -- Science Shops / Peter Lévesque -- Science, Technology, And Law / Gary E. Marchant -- Science, Technology, And Literature / Carol Colatrella -- Science, Technology, And Society Studies / Stephen H. Cutcliffe -- Scientific Ethics / William D. Casebeer -- Scientific Revolution / Steven L. Goldman -- Scientism / Martin Ryder -- Secularization / Richard Olson -- Security / Marsha C. Woodbury -- Selfish Genes / David P. Barash -- Semiotics : Overview / Carl Mitcham -- Language And Culture / Martin Ryder -- Nature And Machine / Søren Brier -- Sensitivity Analyses / Roger A. Pielke Jr. -- Sex And Gender / Sue V. Rosser -- Sex Selection / Marcy Darnovsky, Sujatha Jesudason -- Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft / Eric S. Rabkin -- Shinto Perspectives / Katherine J. Komenda Poole -- Ships / Jonathan Wallace -- Sierra Club / Marilyn Berlin Snell -- Simon, Herbert A. / Mie-Sophia Augier -- Simon, Julian / Carl Mitcham, Adam Briggle -- Simplicity/Simple Living / Jerome M. Segal -- Singapore / James V. Jesudason, Habibul H. Khondker -- Skepticism / Michael Shermer -- Skinner, B.F. / Tibor R. Machan -- Slippery Slope Arguments / Eugene Volokh -- Smith, Adam / William O. Shropshire -- Social Construction Of Scientific Knowledge / Steve Fuller -- Social Construction Of Technology / Deborah G. Johnson -- Social Contract For Science / David H. Guston -- Social Contract Theory / Franz Allen Foltz, Carl Mitcham -- Social Darwinism / Richard Weikart -- Social Engineering / Marvin J. Croy -- Social Indicators / Alex C. Michalos -- Social Institutions : Overview / Carl Mitcham -- Socialism / Joshua Muravchik -- Social Theory Of Science And Technology / Jennifer L. Croissant -- Sociobiology / Michael Ruse -- Sociological Ethics / Sharon Stoerger -- Soft Systems Methodology / Maeve A. Boland -- Sokal Affair / Norman Levitt -- Space / Jean Robert -- Space Exploration / Michael Gilmore -- Space Shuttles Challenger And Columbia Accidents / Radford Byerly Jr. -- Space Telescopes / Joseph C. Pitt -- Special Effects / Mark J.P. Wolf -- Speed / A. Pablo Iannone, Adam Briggle -- Spencer, Herbert / Adam Briggle -- Spengler, Oswald / José Luís Garcia -- Sports / Andy Miah -- Stakeholders / Michael E. Johnson-Cramer, Robert Phillips -- Statistics : Basic Concepts Of Classical Inference / Valerie Miké -- History, Interpretation, And Application / Valerie Miké -- Steinmetz, Charles / Ronald Kline -- Strauss, Leo / Kenneth C. Blanchard, Jr. -- Stress / Robert Kugelmann -- Sustainability And Sustainable Development / Tammy L. Lewis, Craig R. Humphrey -- Systems Thinking / Sytse Strijbos, Carl Mitcham -- Taylor, Frederick W. / Robert J. Paradowski -- Technical Functions / Maarten Franssen -- Technicism / Wilhelm E. Fudpucker -- Technicization / Darrell J. Fasching -- Technocomics / Matthew Biniek, James A. Lynch -- Technocracy / Hans Lenk -- Technoethics / Carl Mitcham -- Technological Fix / Byron Newberry -- Technological Innovation / Steven L. Goldman -- Technologies Of Humility : Citizen Participation In Governing Science (Introductory Essay) / Sheila Jasanoff -- Technology Assessment In Germany And Other European Countries / Raban Graf Von Westphalen -- Technology : Overview / Adam Briggle, Carl Mitcham, Martin Ryder -- Technology Transfer / Murli M. Sinha -- Technoscience / Gilbert Hottois -- Telephone / James E. Katz -- Television / Evan M. Selinger -- Teller, Edward / Benjamin Bederson -- Terrorism / Adam Briggle, Carl Mitcham -- Terrorism And Science / Adam Briggle -- Theodicy / José Luís Garcia -- Therapy And Enhancement / Bernard Gert, Charles M. Culver -- Thomas Aquinas / R.W. Dyson -- Thomism / William A. Wallace -- Thoreau, Henry David / Bob Pepperman Taylor -- Three Gorges Dam / Fan Chen, Yinghuan Zhao -- Three-Mile Island / Edward H. Klevans, Darryl L. Farber -- Tillich, Paul / J. Mark Thomas -- Tocqueville, Alexis De / Peter Augustine Lawler -- Tolkien, J.R.R. / Perry C. Bramlett -- Tolstoy, Leo / Glenn R. Willis -- Tools And Machines / Carl Mitcham, Robert Mackey -- Totalitarianism / Lowell Barrington -- Tourism / Thomas C. Hilde -- Toward An Ethics Of Science And Technology As Knowledge (Introductory Essay) / Carl Mitcham, Robert Frodeman -- Tradeoffs / Adam Briggle -- Transaction Generated Information And Data Mining / Herman T. Tavani -- Treat, Mary / Tina Gianquitto -- Trust / Caroline Whitbeck -- Turing, Alan / Andrew P. Hodges -- Turing Tests / Peter Danielson -- Tuskegee Experiment / Fatimah L.C. Jackson -- Two Cultures / Erik Fisher -- Uncertainty / Daniel Sarewitz, Carl Mitcham -- Unintended Consequences / Marilyn Averill -- Union Of Concerned Scientists / Suzanne Shaw -- United Nations Educational, Scientific, And Cultural Organization / Majid Rahnema -- United Nations Environmental Program / Marilyn Berlin Snell -- Urbanization / M. Ann Howard -- Utopia And Dystopia / Robert Shelton -- Vaccines And Vaccination / Raymond E. Spier -- Values And Valuing / Carl Mitcham -- Values In Technical Design (Introductory Essay) / Helen Nissenbaum -- Veblen, Thorstein / Willard Delavan -- Vegetarianism / Topi Heikkerö -- Verne, Jules / Jean-Michel Margot -- Video Games / Mark J.P. Wolf -- Violence / José Sanmartín -- Virtual Reality / Philip Brey -- Virtue Ethics / Alexander E. Hooke -- Von Neumann, John / Henry H. Walbesser -- Von Wright, Georg Henrik / Topi Heikkerö -- Waste / Helena Mateus Jerónimo -- Water / Hussein A. Amery -- Watson, James / Adam Briggle -- Weapons Of Mass Destruction / Elizabeth C. McNie -- Weber, Max / Alan Sica -- Weil, Simone / Lawrence E. Schmidt -- Wells, H.G. / John S. Partington -- Whistleblowing / Heinz C. Luegenbiehl -- Wiener, Norbert / Ronald Kline -- Wilderness / Bryan G. Norton -- Wildlife Management / Bryan G. Norton -- Wittgenstein, Ludwig / Andoni Alonso -- Work / Edmund F. Byrne -- World Bank / Jonathan Wallace -- World Commission On The Ethics Of Scientific Knowledge And Technology / Adam Briggle -- World Health Organization / Jonathan Wallace -- World Trade Organization / David M. Kaplan -- Zamyatin, Yevgeny Ivanovich / Eric S. Rabkin -- Zoos / Elizabeth C. McNie.