Advanced Topological Insulators

Description

This book is the first pedagogical synthesis of the field of topological insulators and superconductors, one of the most exciting areas of research in condensed matter physics. Presenting the latest developments, while providing all the calculations necessary for a self-contained and complete description of the discipline, it is ideal for researchers and graduate students preparing to work in this area, and it will be an essential reference both within and outside the classroom. The book begins with the fundamental description on the topological phases of matter such as one, two- and three-dimensional topological insulators, and methods and tools for topological material's investigations, topological insulators for advanced optoelectronic devices, topological superconductors, saturable absorber and in plasmonic devices. Advanced Topological Insulators provides researchers and graduate students with the physical understanding and mathematical tools needed to embark on research in this rapidly evolving field. Cover Title Page Copyright Page Contents Preface 1 Characterization of Phase Transition Points for Topological Gapped Systems 1.1 Introduction 1.2 General Definition of Topological Invariant of Phase Transition Points 1.2.1 A 1D example: the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model 1.2.2 General Characterization of Topological Phase Transition 1.3 Phase Transition Points of One-Dimensional Systems 1.3.1 Z -Type Topological Gapped Systems 1.3.1.1 Class BDI: An Extended Version of the SSH Model 1.3.1.2 Class AIII: The Creutz Model 1.3.2 Z2 Topological Gapped Systems 1.3.2.1 Class D: An Extended Version of the Kiteav Model1.3.2.2 Class DIII: An Example Model 1.3.3 A Non-Topological Example of 1D Insulating Systems 1.4 Phase Transition Points of Two-Dimensional Systems 1.4.1 The Haldane Model 1.4.2 An Extended Version of the Qi-Wu-Zhang Model 1.5 An Example of 3D Topological Insulators References 2 Topological Insulator Materials for Advanced Optoelectronic Devices 2.1 Excellent Electronic Properties 2.1.1 Quantum Spin Hall Effect 2.1.2 Topological Magnetoelectric Effects 2.1.3 Magnetic Monopole Image 2.1.4 Topological Superconductors 2.1.5 Quantum Anomalous Hall Effects2.1.6 Giant Magnetoresistance Effects 2.1.7 Shubnikov-De Haas Effects 2.2 Excellent Optical Properties 2.2.1 Ultrahigh Bulk Refractive Index 2.2.2 Near-Infrared Transparency 2.2.3 Faraday Rotation and Unusual Electromagnetic Scattering 2.2.4 Ultra-Broadband Plasmon Excitations 2.2.5 Polarized Light Induced Photocurrent 2.2.6 Broadband Optical Nonlinear Response 2.3 Advanced Optoelectronic Devices 2.3.1 Plasmonic Solar Cells 2.3.2 Nanometric Holograms 2.3.3 Ultrathin Flat Lens 2.3.4 Near-Infrared Photodetector 2.3.5 Saturable Absorber 2.4 Conclusion and OutlookReferences 3 Topological Insulator Thin Films and Artificial Topological Superconductors 3.1 Theoretical Background 3.1.1 Berry Phase and Topology in Condensed Matter Physics 3.1.2 Topological Insulator 3.1.3 Topological Superconductor and Majorana Fermionic Mode 3.2 Introduction of the Experimental Methods 3.2.1 Molecular Beam Epitaxy 3.2.2 Scanning Tunneling Microscopy 3.3 Topological Insulator Thin Films 3.4 Artificial Two-Dimensional Topological Superconductor 3.5 Discovery of Majorana Zero Mode 3.5.1 Identification of a Majorana Zero Mode Base on Its Lateral Extension3.5.2 Identification of a Majorana Zero Mode Based on Its Spin 6 Summary Acknowledgements References 4 Topological Matter in the Absence of Translational Invariance 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Topological Insulator and Real-Space Topology 4.2.1 Cylindrical Topological Insulator 4.2.2 Spherical Topological Insulator 4.2.3 Protection of the Surface States: Berry Phase Point of View 4.3 Layer Construction: Dimensional Crossovers of Topological Properties 4.3.1 Time-Reversal Invariant (Z2) Type Lattice Model: STI/WTI