Metal Ligand Chromophores for Bioassays

Description

The series Topics in Current Chemistry Collections presents critical reviews from the journal Topics in Current Chemistry organized in topical volumes. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience.Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field. Chapters “Metal Peptide Conjugates in Cell and Tissue Imaging and Biosensing”, “Luminescent Metal Complexes as Emerging Tools for Lipid Imaging” and “Determination and Imaging of Small Biomolecules and Ions Using Ruthenium(II) Complex‑Based Chemosensors” are available open access under a CC BY 4.0 License via link.springer.com. Contents Preface Luminescent Metal Complexes for Bioassays in the Near-Infrared (NIR) Region Abstract 1 Introduction 2 NIR Luminescent Noble Transition Metal Complexes 3 NIR Luminescent Non-Noble Transition Metal Complexes 4 NIR Luminescent Lanthanide Complexes 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Metal Peptide Conjugates in Cell and Tissue Imaging and Biosensing Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Photophysical Profile of an Ideal Chromophore for Bioimaging 2.1 Favourable Properties of Metal Complexes 2.2 Tuning of Photophysical Properties 2.3 Reducing Toxicity by Ligand Modification 3 Rationale for Peptide Conjugation to Transition Row Metal Complexes 3.1 Peptides 3.1.1 Cell-Penetrating Peptides (CPPs) 3.1.2 Signal Peptides 3.1.3 Receptor-Targeting Peptides 4 Luminescent Metal Complex Peptide Conjugates Applied in Bioimaging 4.1 Cytoplasm 4.2 Nucleus, DNARNA 4.3 Mitochondria 4.4 Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) 4.5 Lysosome 5 Sensing Capabilities of Peptide Metal Complex Conjugates 5.1 Oxygen 5.2 pH 5.3 Biorelevant Molecules: Receptors, Proteins, Enzymes 5.4 Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (ROSRNS) 5.5 Cell Membrane Markers 6 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Luminescent Metal Complexes as Emerging Tools for Lipid Imaging Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Discussion 2.1 Lipid Droplets 2.1.1 Imaging Lipid Droplets with Metal-Based Probes 2.1.1.1 Probes Incorporating Third-Row Transition Metals (Ir, Re) 2.1.1.2 Probes Incorporating First-Row Transition Metals (Cu, Zn) 2.1.1.3 Metal Clusters 2.2 Phospholipids 2.2.1 Imaging Phospholipids with Metal-Based Probes 2.2.1.1 Probes Incorporating Second- and Third-Row Transition Metals (Ir, Re, Ru, Pt) 2.2.1.2 Probes Incorporating p-Block Metals (Al) 2.2.1.3 Probes Incorporating Lanthanoids (Tb) 2.3 General Lipophilic Compounds 2.3.1 Staining of General Lipophilic Compounds 2.3.1.1 Probes Incorporating Second- and Third-Row Transition Metals (Ir, Re, Pt, Pd) 2.3.1.2 Probes Incorporating First-Row Transition Metals (Mn) 3 Conclusion Acknowledgements References Phosphorescent Ir(III) Complexes for Biolabeling and Biosensing Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Phosphorescent Biolabels Based on Cyclometalated Ir(III) Complexes 2.1 Intracellular Organelle Labels 2.1.1 Mitochondrion Labels 2.1.2 Lysosome Labels 2.1.3 Cytoplasm Labels 2.1.4 Cell Membrane Labels 2.2 Tissue and Animal Labels 2.2.1 Tumor Spheroid Labels 2.2.2 Parasite Labels 3 Phosphorescence Probes Based on Cyclometalated Ir(III) Complexes 3.1 Temperature Sensor 3.2 Carbon Dioxide Sensor 3.3 pH Sensors 3.4 Metal Ion Sensors 3.5 Anion Sensors 3.6 Sensors of Biological Sulfur Species 3.7 Molecular Oxygen and Reactive Oxygen Species Sensors 3.8 Peptide Sensors 3.9 Viscosity Sensors 4 Summary and Outlook Acknowledgements References Post-complexation Functionalization of Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes and Applications to Biomedical and Material Sciences Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Substitution Reactions of Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes 3 Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution Reactions of Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes for the Introduction of Various Functional Groups and Control of Emission Colors 4 Design and Synthesis of Ir(III) Complex-Peptide Hybrids (IPHs) and the Induction of Programmed Cell Death in Cancer Cells 5 Synthesis of Iridium Complex-Dye Hybrid and Control of Emission Color and Emission Lifetime 6 Selective Synthesis of Bis- and Tris-Heteroleptic Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes and Their Applications to the Fields of Material Sciences 7 Conclusion and Prospects Acknowledgements References Determination and Imaging of Small Biomolecules and Ions Using Ruthenium(II) Complex-Based Chemosensors Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Ru(II) Complex Chemosensors for Anions 2.1 Response Based on Hydrogen Bonding, Electrostatic and Lewis Acid-Base Interactions 2.2 Response Based on Specific Reactions 2.3 Response Based on Displacement of Metal Ions 3 Ru(II) Complex Chemosensors for pH 4 Ru(II) Complex Chemosensors for Metal Ions 4.1 Ru(II) Complex Chemosensors for Cu2+ 4.2 Ru(II) Complex Chemosensors for Hg2+ 4.3 Ru(II) Complex Chemosensors for Other Metal Ions 5 Ru(II) Complex Chemosensors for Reactive Biomolecules 5.1 Ru(II) Complex Chemosensors for RNS 5.2 Ru(II) Complex Chemosensors for ROS 5.3 Ru(II) Complex Chemosensors for RCS 5.4 Ru(II) Complex Chemosensors for RSS 6 Ru(II) Complex Chemosensors for Amino Acids 6.1 Ru(II) Complex Chemosensors for Biothiols 6.2 Ru(II) Complex Chemosensors for Other Amino Acids 7 Conclusions Acknowledgements References