Indigenous Reconciliation in Contemporary Taiwan: From Stigma to Hope

Description

This book draws attention to the issues of Indigenous justice and reconciliation in Taiwan, exploring how Indigenous actors affirm their rights through explicitly political and legal strategies, but also through subtle forms of justice work in films, language instruction, museums, and handicraft production. Taiwan’s Indigenous peoples have been colonized by successive external regimes, mobilized into war for Imperial Japan, stigmatized as primitive “mountain compatriots” in need of modernization, and instrumentalized as proof of Taiwan’s unique identity vis-à-vis China. Taiwan’s government now encapsulates them in democratic institutions of indigeneity. This volume emphasizes that there is new hope for real justice in an era in which states and Indigenous peoples seek meaningful forms of reconciliation at all levels and arenas of social life. The chapters, written by leading Indigenous, Taiwanese, and international scholars in their respective fields, examine concrete situations in which Indigenous peoples seek justice and decolonization from the perspectives of territory and sovereignty, social work and justice. Illustrating that there is new hope for real justice in an era in which states and Indigenous peoples seek meaningful forms of reconciliation, this book is an invaluable resource for students and scholars of Taiwan Studies, Indigenous Studies, and Social Justice Studies. Cover Half Title Series Page Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents List of illustrations List of contributors Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Introduction: Understanding historical (in)justice, while moving toward Indigenous justice and reconciliation Taiwanese indigenous history: a brief introduction Exploring the concept of transitional justice The basics of transitional justice Locating Justice and Injustice through the theories of Iris M. Young Transitional justice in Taiwan The PingPu peoples’ indigenous status and rights claims About this book Notes References Part 1: Territory and sovereignty Chapter 2: Demarcation of Indigenous traditional territories: A wrong turn toward reconciliation Requirements for confirming Traditional Territories Indigenous Lands Indigenous Reserved Lands Traditional Territories of Indigenous Peoples Problems caused by un-demarcated Traditional Territories Controversy over the demarcation of traditional territories Simplifying the concept of Traditional Territory as property-like and with a rigid borderline Emphasizing the veto power and neglecting the procedural justice function of the consultation and consent rights Misinterpreting Indigenous collective rights and private property rights as mutually exclusive Conclusion Notes References Chapter 3: Extractive industry, traditional territory, and the politics of natural resources in Taiwan: The history and political economy of Indigenous land struggles in the Taroko area Indigenous peoples and the origins of land-related protest Indigenous people and the politics of natural resources The political economy of land rights struggles Conclusion Notes References Chapter 4: Indigenous toponyms under the state policy of the standardization of geographical names Introduction The rights of Indigenous peoples and the indigenous place names in Taiwan Hualien County and the SGN meetings Laws and regulations for SGNs and the indigenous place names designed by the CIP Standard geographical name controversy The popularity of Chinese and the dilemma of bilingualism The case of Tianxiang vs. Tpdu Observations Discussion and conclusion Notes References Chapter 5: Hunting rights, justice, and reconciliation: Indigenous experiences in Taiwan and Canada Introduction Dxgal Truku (Truku Territory) The meaning of hunting and ecological knowledge Gaya: Truku understandings of hunting Learning from hunters Canada Ä sì Keyi (“My grandfather’s country”): Kluane First Nation Eeyou Istchee (“Land of the People”): the James Bay Cree Conclusion Acknowledgments Notes References Chapter 6: Courts and Indigenous reconciliation: Positivism, the a priori, and justice in Taiwan Introduction Three recent cases: matters of wood, guns, and wildlife The Smangus Beechwood Case The Paiwan Gun Case The Bunun Hunting Case Indigenous peoples in the legal consciousness A path forward? Representation, knowledge, and autonomy Notes References Part 2: Social work Chapter 7: Carrying historical trauma: Alcohol use and healing among Indigenous communities in Taiwan Introduction Indigenous peoples’ health and alcohol use in Taiwan Determinants of alcohol use among Indigenous peoples in Taiwan Historical Trauma and its impact on alcohol use among global Indigenous communities Historical traumatic events Responses to historical traumatic events Historical trauma transmission Drinking has become a stress coping strategy A series of historical traumatic events and historical losses Forced relocation and family separation Prohibition of traditional and cultural practices Forcing Indigenous peoples to use Chinese names Mandarin speaking policy Prohibition of traditional hunting practices Emotions and alcohol use associated with historical traumatic events and losses Reinforcing historical trauma: ongoing oppression and interpersonal discrimination Healing historical trauma: cultural practices Conclusion Acknowledgments Note References Chapter 8: Indigenous social work and transitional justice in Taiwan Introduction The development of social work in Taiwan and its relevance to the Indigenous peoples The Report on the “Plan for the Establishment and Development of an Indigenous Social Work System in Taiwan” and relevant issues Transitional justice and Indigenous social work for the Indigenous peoples of Taiwan Conclusion – developing Indigenous social work in accordance with the ideas of transitional justice Notes References Chapter 9: Across separate spheres in transitional justice: Comparison of marital quality between Han and Tayal groups in the Yilan area Introduction The historical review of Han and Tayal families in Yilan The traditional family system and gender relations in Han and Tayal cultures The socioeconomic situation and gender relations in contemporary society Research framework Theoretical framework Research methdology Data Sampling Measures Dependent variable: marital quality Independent variables Data analysis Research findings The variation of marital quality by gender and ethnicity Marital quality factors with culture-bound features Discussion and conclusion Limitation of the study Notes References Part 3: Justice from the classroom to the museum Chapter 10: Flux, vision, voice, survival: On a decolonizing filmmaking practice in Taiwan Prologue Essay on editing Flux Vision Voice Survival Ending Editing and the interval Coda Notes References Chapter 11: Toward reconciliation and educational justice: Employing culturally sustaining pedagogy in an introductory linguistics course Introduction Motivation Theoretical orientation Culturally sustaining pedagogy/CSP Social justice pedagogy Activity Theory/AT CSP implementation The introductory linguistics course Participants Course objectives Structure and content of the course Results of the CSP implementation Reflections of the instructor Survey Interviews Developing sociopolitical consciousness Senses of self, ethnic identities, and achievement Sense of agency Engaging learners through experiences of serving the needs of a community as defined by the community Developing self-determination through engagement Appreciating other linguistic and cultural properties Discussion Concluding remarks Notes References Chapter 12: How we can exhibit the “other” culture: The process of understanding Indigenous Taiwanese peoples in a Japanese museum Introduction The first exhibitions on the Indigenous Taiwanese peoples at Minpaku Special and thematic exhibitions on Taiwanese materials Takasagozoku in the exhibits The return of Indigenous Taiwanese culture to the permanent exhibit at Minpaku A new exhibition on the “Culture of Taiwan’s Indigenous peoples” at Minpaku Summary Notes References Chapter 13: Recreating the beauty of glass beads: A case study on the multicolor patterned beads of Paiwan Introduction Etymology in Han history The myths of Paiwan glass beads The re-manufacture at Eastern Paiwan studios Conclusion Notes References Index