Musculoskeletal Imaging: A Teaching File (LWW Teaching File Series)

Description

Musculoskeletal Imaging , Third Edition , features almost 400 cases drawn from the teaching files of leading medical centers. These practical cases encompass all imaging modalities--including radiography, CT, MR, nuclear medicine, and sonography--as well as all categories of musculoskeletal disease, including trauma, tumors, joint disease, endocrine, metabolic bone disease, and more. Organized by anatomic region, each case follows a consistent format and is presented as an unknown diagnosis with brief clinical history, images, description of findings, differentials, diagnosis, and discussion of care. This format simulates the experience of working through a case with an expert consultant, making Musculoskeletal Imaging an ideal resource for sharpening diagnostic skills for those preparing for board examinations or for reinforcing practical knowledge. Half Title Title Copyright Dedication Publisher’s Foreword Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Contributors to the First Edition Contributors to the Second Edition Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms Figure Credits Chapter 1: Hand and Wrist Case 1.1 Psoriatic Arthritis Case 1.2 Psoriatic Arthritis, Arthritis Mutilans Appearance Case 1.3 Primary Osteoarthritis Case 1.4 Erosive Osteoarthritis Case 1.5 Osteomyelitis Case 1.6 Tuberculous Arthritis Case 1.7 Lytic Metastasis (Lung Carcinoma) Case 1.8 Glomus Tumor Case 1.9 Epidermoid Inclusion Cyst Case 1.10 Sarcoidosis Case 1.11 Burns Case 1.12 Scleroderma Case 1.13 Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia Case 1.14 Enchondroma, with Fracture Case 1.15 Tophaceous Gout Case 1.16 Giant Cell Reparative Granuloma Case 1.17 Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis Case 1.18 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Case 1.19 Rheumatoid Arthritis Case 1.20 Rheumatoid Arthritis Case 1.21 Rheumatoid Arthritis Case 1.22 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Case 1.23 Thyroid Acropachy Case 1.24 Acromegaly Case 1.25 Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary to Renal Failure Case 1.26 Polymyositis Case 1.27 Embolic Disease (Caused by Neonatal Meningococcemia) Case 1.28 Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath Case 1.29 A2 Pulley Rupture Case 1.30 Pyrophosphate Arthropathy, with Scapholunate Advanced Collapse (SLAC Wrist) Case 1.31 Hemochromatosis Case 1.32 Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease (Calcific Tendinosis and Calcific Periarthritis) Case 1.33 Fourth Metacarpal Fracture; Fifth CMC Volar Dislocation Case 1.34 Rotary Subluxation of the Scaphoid (Scapholunate Dissociation) Case 1.35 Lunate Dislocation Case 1.36 Triquetral Fracture Case 1.37 Ganglion Cyst Case 1.38 Chronic Sclerosing Osteomyelitis Case 1.39 Carpal Coalition Case 1.40 Osteonecrosis of the Lunate (Kienbock Disease, Lunate Malaria) Case 1.41 Ulnar Impaction Syndrome Case 1.42 Osteoid Osteoma Case 1.43 Healing Rickets Case 1.44 Growth Plate Fracture (Salter Type I), Healing Case 1.45 Lead Poisoning Case 1.46 De Quervain Tenosynovitis Case 1.47 Foreign Body (Wood Splinter) Case 1.48 Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy, Secondary Case 1.49 Desmoplastic Fibroma Case 1.50 Nonossifying Fibroma Case 1.51 Congenital Syphilis Case 1.52 Bilateral Madelung Deformity Case 1.53 Extensor Tendon Irritation Case 1.54 Galeazzi Fracture Dislocation Chapter 2: Elbow, Arm, and Shoulder Case 2.1 Radial Head Fracture Case 2.2 Monteggia Fracture Dislocation (Bado Type III) Case 2.3 Radioulnar Synostosis Case 2.4 Posterior Elbow Dislocation Case 2.5 Radial Head Subluxation Case 2.6 Septic Elbow Joint Case 2.7 Septic Olecranon Bursitis Case 2.8 Heterotopic Ossifi cation after Burns Case 2.9 Supracondylar Fracture Case 2.10 Osteochondrosis of the Capitellum Case 2.11 Medial Epicondyle Avulsion Fracture (Salter Type I) Case 2.12 Posterior elbow dislocation with entrapped medial epicondyle Case 2.13 Lateral Epicondylitis Case 2.14 UCL Tear Case 2.15 Triceps Tendon Tear with Olecranon Bursa Hemorrhage Case 2.16 Occult Distal Humerus Fracture Case 2.17 Complete Biceps Tendon Rupture Case 2.18 Fibromatosis (Extra.abdominal Desmoid Tumor) Case 2.19 Juxtacortical Chondroma Case 2.20 Lung Cancer Metastasis, with Pathologic Fracture Case 2.21 Simple Bone Cyst, with Pathologic Fracture Case 2.22 Chondrosarcoma Case 2.23 Telangiectatic Osteosarcoma Case 2.24 Ewing’s Sarcoma Case 2.25 Chondroblastoma Case 2.26 Acute Osteomyelitis Case 2.27 Fracture Nonunion, Surgical Neck of the Humerus Case 2.28 Osteonecrosis Case 2.29 Brachial Plexus Palsy (Erb Palsy) Case 2.30 Parsonage-Turner Syndrome Case 2.31 Quadrilateral Space Syndrome Case 2.32 Intramuscular Lipoma Case 2.33 Ganglion Cyst Case 2.34 Rotator Cuff Tear Involving Supraspinatus Tendon Case 2.35 Subscapularis Strain Case 2.36 Luxatio Erecta (Inferior Glenohumeral Dislocation) Case 2.37 Anterior (Subcoracoid) Shoulder Dislocation. The Companion Case Shows an Impaction Fracture of the Humeral Head from Previous Anterior Shoulder Dislocation (Hill-Sachs lesion) Case 2.38 Posterior Shoulder Dislocation Case 2.39 Seizure Disorder, with Recurrent Bilateral Posterior Shoulder Dislocations Case 2.40 Neuropathic Arthropathy (Charcot Joint) Case 2.41 Superior Labral Anterior to Posterior (SLAP) Tear Case 2.42 Synovial Osteochondromatosis Case 2.43 Rheumatoid Arthritis Case 2.44 Pyrophosphate Arthropathy Case 2.45 Osteolysis of the Distal Clavicle Case 2.46 Acromioclavicular Separation (Grade 2) Case 2.47 Calcifi c Tendinosis Case 2.48 Supraspinatus Tendon Full-Thickness Tear Case 2.49 Sternoclavicular Dislocation Case 2.50 Secondary Tumoral Calcinosis Case 2.51 Brown Tumor Case 2.52 Elastofi broma Chapter 3: Spine Case 3.1 Atlanto-Occipital Dislocation Case 3.2 Hyperfl exion Sprain Case 3.3 Complex C1–C2 Fractures Case 3.4 Nonunion of Odontoid Fracture (Os Odontoideum) Case 3.5 Traumatic C2 Spondylolisthesis Case 3.6 Unilateral Facet Dislocation (Unilateral Locked Facet) Case 3.7 Klippel-Feil Syndrome Case 3.8 Hyperfl exion Teardrop Fracture Case 3.9 Hyperextension Sprain at C5–C6 with Teardrop Fragment (Companion Case, Hyperextension Sprain at C2–C3 with Teardrop Fragment) Case 3.10 Ankylosing Spondylitis, with Fracture Case 3.11 Osteoblastoma Case 3.12 Tuberculous Spondylitis Case 3.13 Rheumatoid Arthritis Case 3.14 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Case 3.15 Bilateral Facet Dislocation (Bilateral Locked Facets) Case 3.16 Morquio Syndrome Case 3.17 Osteopetrosis Case 3.18 Retinoid Toxicity Case 3.19 Hyperfl exion Fractures, Thoracic Spine Case 3.20 Pyogenic Diskitis Case 3.21 Tuberculous Spondylitis (Pott Disease) Case 3.22 Metastatic Osteosarcoma Case 3.23 Eosinophilic Granuloma Case 3.24 Scheuermann Disease Case 3.25 Involutional Osteoporosis Case 3.26 Cushing Disease Case 3.27 Sickle Cell Disease Case 3.28 Ochronosis Case 3.29 Congenital Scoliosis Case 3.30 Osteoid Osteoma Case 3.31 Ivory Vertebra from Sclerotic Prostate Metastasis Case 3.32 Osteogenesis Imperfecta Case 3.33 Renal Osteodystrophy with Rugger Jersey Spine Case 3.34 Ivory Vertebra from Paget Disease Case 3.35 Hemangioma Case 3.36 L1 Flexion-Distraction Fracture (Chance Fracture) Case 3.37 Ankylosing Spondylitis with Fracture Dislocation Case 3.38 Hemangioma with Vertebral Collapse Case 3.39 Multiple Myeloma Case 3.40 Paget Disease Case 3.41 Degenerative Disc Disease Case 3.42 Herniated Nucleus Pulposus Case 3.43 Psoriatic Spondyloarthropathy Case 3.44 Coccidioidomycosis Case 3.45 Bilateral L5 Spondylolysis without Anterolisthesis Case 3.46 Traumatic Lumbosacral Spondylolisthesis Case 3.47 Achondroplasia Chapter 4: Pelvis Case 4.1 Chordoma Case 4.2 Radiation Change Case 4.3 Ewing’s Sarcoma Case 4.4 Radiation Changes with Insuffi ciency Fracture Case 4.5 Neurofi broma Case 4.6 Lymphoma (Richter’s Syndrome) Case 4.7 Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) Case 4.8 Chondrosarcoma Case 4.9 Osteosarcoma Case 4.10 Acetabular Dysplasia Case 4.11 Femoroacetacular Impingement Case 4.12 Intramuscular Myxoma Case 4.13 Fibrodysplasia Ossifi cans Progressiva Case 4.14 Posterior Hip Dislocation Case 4.15 Anterior Hip Dislocation Case 4.16 Fluorosis Case 4.17 Rickets Case 4.18 Gluteus Medius Tendon Tear Case 4.19 Sarcoma Arising in Paget Disease Case 4.20 Reactive Arthritis Case 4.21 Septic Sacroiliitis Case 4.22 Synovial Osteochondromatosis Case 4.23 Ankylosing Spondylitis Case 4.24 Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis Case 4.25 Osteoarthritis Case 4.26 Rheumatoid Arthritis Case 4.27 Ankylosing Spondylitis Case 4.28 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Case 4.29 Nail-Patella Syndrome (Osteoonychodysostosis, Fong’s Syndrome) Case 4.30 Myelofi brosis Case 4.31 Hemangiomatosis Case 4.32 Cystic Angiomatosis Case 4.33 Multiple Hereditary Exostoses (MHE) (Osteochondromatosis) Case 4.34 Plasmacytoma Case 4.35 Eosinophilic Granuloma Case 4.36 Insuffi ciency Fractures Case 4.37 Diffuse Breast Carcinoma Metastases Case 4.38 Tuberculosis Case 4.39 Desmoplastic Fibroma Case 4.40 Dislocated Total Hip Replacement Case 4.41 Total Hip Replacement Failure Caused by Osteolysis Case 4.42 Iliopsoas Bursitis Case 4.43 Metastasis (from Lung Carcinoma) Case 4.44 Abscess from Septic Hip Case 4.45 Hematoma Case 4.46 Sickle Cell Disease Chapter 5: Femur and Thigh Case 5.1 Rectus Femoris Strain, Grade 3 Case 5.2 Hamstrings Tear with Associated Hematoma Case 5.3 Dialysis-Related Amyloidosis Case 5.4 Osteonecrosis Case 5.5 Proximal Focal Femoral Defi ciency Case 5.6 Osteonecrosis Case 5.7 Transient Bone Marrow Edema Case 5.8 Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia (Dysplasia Epiphysealis Multiplex) Case 5.9 Fibrous Dysplasia (with Shepherd’s Crook Deformity) Case 5.10 Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease Case 5.11 Osteopoikilosis Case 5.12 Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis Case 5.13 Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease Case 5.14 Polymyositis Case 5.15 Septic Arthritis, with Secondary Osteonecrosis of the Capital Femoral Epiphysis Case 5.16 Intertrochanteric Femur Fracture Case 5.17 Osteomalacia, with Looser’s zones Case 5.18 Stress Fracture Case 5.19 Chronic Osteomyelitis Case 5.20 Chronic Osteomyelitis (Tubercles Bacillus) Case 5.21 Bisiphosphonate-Related Fracture Case 5.22 Periarticular Calcinosis (Tumoral Calcinosis, Metastatic Calcifi cation) Case 5.23 Multiple Myeloma Case 5.24 Osteosarcoma with Skip Metastasis Case 5.25 Eosinophilic Granuloma Case 5.26 Ewing Sarcoma Case 5.27 High-Grade Surface Osteosarcoma Case 5.28 Chondrosarcoma Case 5.29 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma B-Cell Lymphoma, Involving Bone Secondarily Case 5.30 Leukemia Case 5.31 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (Calcinosis Universalis) Case 5.32 Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Case 5.33 Liposclerosing Myxofi brous Tumor of Bone Case 5.34 Osteoid Osteoma Case 5.35 Soft Tissue Sarcoma (Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma (MFH)) Case 5.36 Myositis Ossifi cans Case 5.37 Neurofi broma Case 5.38 Glomus Tumor Case 5.39 Camurati-Engelmann Disease (Progressive Diaphyseal Dysplasia) Case 5.40 Synovial Sarcoma Case 5.41 Liposarcoma Case 5.42 Erdheim-Chester Disease Case 5.43 Melorheostosis Case 5.44 MFH, Arising in Bone Infarct Case 5.45 Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome Case 5.46 Morel-Lavallée Lesion Chapter 6: Knee Case 6.1 Articular Chondroma (Dysplasia Epiphysealis Hemimelica) Case 6.2 Giant Cell Tumor Case 6.3 Osteosarcoma, High-Grade Intramedullary Type Case 6.4 Polycythemia Vera Case 6.5 Osteosarcoma, High-Grade Intramedullary Type Case 6.6 Parosteal Osteosarcoma (Juxtacortical Osteosarcoma) Case 6.7 Osteosarcoma, Low-Grade Intramedullary Type Case 6.8 MFH of Bone Case 6.9 Primary Lymphoma of Bone Case 6.10 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Case 6.11 Hemophiliac Knee Case 6.12 Rickets Case 6.13 Gaucher Disease Case 6.14 Discoid Meniscus with Complex Tear Case 6.15 Sickle Cell Anemia Case 6.16 Calcifi ed Medullary Infarcts with Subchondral Collapse of the Tibial Articular Surface Case 6.17 Radiation Changes Case 6.18 Chondromalacia Patellae Case 6.19 Rheumatoid Arthritis Case 6.20 Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate (CPPD) Crystal Deposition Disease Case 6.21 PVNS, Diffuse Form Case 6.22 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Case 6.23 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Case 6.24 Secondary Synovial Osteochondromatosis Case 6.25 Pyrophosphate Arthropathy Case 6.26 Dermatomyositis Case 6.27 Poliomyelitis Case 6.28 Salter Type II Fracture Case 6.29 Paget Disease of the Femur, with Secondary Osteoarthritis Case 6.30 ACL Sprain, Grade 3 Case 6.31 Ruptured Baker Cyst Case 6.32 Lateral Tibia Plateau Fracture Case 6.33 Medial Meniscal Tear Case 6.34 Complex Medial Meniscal Tear with Parameniscal Cyst Case 6.35 Bucket-Handle Tear, Medial Meniscus Case 6.36 Radial Tear of the Lateral Meniscus Case 6.37 Acute MCL Sprain. An ACL Sprain is Present. Not Shown But Also Present was a Tear of the Posterior Horn of the Medial Meniscus. The Companion Case is an Old MCL Sprain with Heterotopic Ossifi cation (Pellegrini-Stieda Disease) Case 6.38 ACL Sprain, Grade Case 6.39 PCL Sprain, Grade Case 6.40 Transient Lateral Patellar Dislocation Case 6.41 SLJ Disease Case 6.42 Osteochondral Fracture (Osteochondritis Dissecans) Case 6.43 Horizontal Intercondylar Dislocation of the Patella Case 6.44 Battered Child Case 6.45 Lipoma Arborescens Case 6.46 Pes Anserinus Bursitis Case 6.47 Subchondral Insuffi ciency Fracture of the Knee (SIFK) Case 6.48 Total Knee Replacement with Failure of Tibial Polyethylene Case 6.49 Metallosis Case 6.50 Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome Case 6.51 Arthrofi brosis Chapter 7: Lower Leg Case 7.1 Blount Disease (Tibia Vara) Case 7.2 Neurofi bromatosis (Type I) Case 7.3 Osteogenesis Imperfecta Case 7.4 Osteopetrosis, Precocious Form Case 7.5 Congenital Adrenocortical Hyperplasia with Limb Lengthening Case 7.6 Physiologic Bowing Case 7.7 Achondroplasia Case 7.8 Fibrous Dysplasia Case 7.9 Mazebraud syndrome Case 7.10 Neurofi broma Case 7.11 Simple Bone Cyst Case 7.12 Osteochondroma Case 7.13 Osteoblastoma Case 7.14 Maisonneuve Fracture Case 7.15 Nonossifying Fibroma (Fibrous Cortical Defect) Case 7.16 Chondromyxoid Fibroma Case 7.17 Adamantinoma Case 7.18 Hemangioma, Soft Tissue Case 7.19 Periosteal Osteosarcoma Case 7.20 Ossifying Fibroma (Osteofi brous Dysplasia) Case 7.21 Clostridia Myonecrosis (Gas Gangrene) Case 7.22 Paget Disease Case 7.23 Ewing Sarcoma Case 7.24 Brodie Abscess Case 7.25 Tuberculous Osteomyelitis Case 7.26 Open Segmental Fracture Case 7.27 Toddler’s Fracture Case 7.28 Stress Fracture Case 7.29 Case 1: bilateral Tibial Stress Fractures and Stress Remodeling. Case 2: Anterior Tibial Stress Fracture with Nonunion. Case 3: Longitudinal Anterior Tibial Stress Fracture Case 7.30 Rupture of the Plantaris Tendon with Adjacent Gastrocnemius Strain Case 7.31 Salter Type IV Fracture Case 7.32 Subacute Intramuscular Hematoma in Soleus Case 7.33 Peroneal nerve ganglion cyst, with rupture Case 7.34 Calcifi c Myonecrosis Case 7.35 Cystic Lymphangiomatosis (Cystic Angiomatosis) Case 7.36 Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis Case 7.37 Polymyositis Case 7.38 Necrotizing Fasciitis with Abscess Formation and Cellulitis. The Companion Case is Also Necrotizing Fasciitis and Cellulitis, But Without Abscess Formation Case 7.39 Pyomyositis with Abscess Case 7.40 Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy Case 7.41 Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Case 7.42 Intraosseous lipoma Case 7.43 Achilles Tendinosis with Partial Intrasubstance Tear Case 7.44 Achilles Tendon Rupture Chapter 8: Ankle and Foot Case 8.1 PTT Longitudinal Split Tear Case 8.2 Salter Type IV Fracture, Medial Malleolus Case 8.3 Triplane Fracture Case 8.4 Atypical Mycobacterium Osteomyelitis Case 8.5 Extraskeletal Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor (PNET) Case 8.6 Accessory Soleus Muscle Case 8.7 Lateral Ankle Ligament Tear Case 8.8 Melorheostosis Case 8.9 Hemophiliac Pseudotumor Case 8.10 Osteonecrosis in Sickle Cell Disease Case 8.11 Marrow Infarction Case 8.12 Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis (PVNS) Case 8.13 Dermatomyositis Case 8.14 Sinus Tarsi Syndrome Case 8.15 Chondroblastoma with Secondary Aneursymal Bone Cyst Case 8.16 Osteonecrosis Case 8.17 Subtalar Dislocation Case 8.18 Tarsal Coalition Case 8.19 Classic Clubfoot (Talipes Equinovarus) Case 8.20 Congenital Vertical Talus Case 8.21 Metatarsus Adductus Case 8.22 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Case 8.23 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Case 8.24 Intraosseous Lipoma Case 8.25 Calcaneal Fatigue Fracture Case 8.26 Plantar Fasciitis Case 8.27 Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease (Calcifi c Retrocalcaneal Bursitis) Case 8.28 Plantar Fibromatosis Case 8.29 Reactive arthritis Case 8.30 Tophaceous Gout Case 8.31 Neuropathic Osteoarthropathy Case 8.32 Osteochondral Lesion of the Talus Case 8.33 Mueller-Weiss syndrome Case 8.34 Synovial Osteochondromatosis Case 8.35 Giant Cell Tumor of the Tendon Sheath Case 8.36 Lisfranc Fracture-Dislocation, Divergent Type Case 8.37 Peroneus Brevis Tendon Split Tear Case 8.38 Thalassemia Case 8.39 Idiopathic Tumoral Calcinosis Case 8.40 Metatarsal Stress Fracture Case 8.41 Freiberg Infraction Case 8.42 Maffucci Syndrome Case 8.43 Rheumatoid Arthritis Case 8.44 Multiple Enchondromatosis (Ollier Disease) Case 8.45 BPOP (Nora’s Lesion) Case 8.46 Hallux Rigidus (Hallux Limitus) Case 8.47 Bunion Case 8.48 Psoriatic Arthritis (Arthritis Mutilans) Case 8.49 Psoriatic Arthritis Case 8.50 Subchondral Fracture Case 8.51 Sesamoid Fracture Case 8.52 Turf Toe (Grade I Plantar Plate Injury) Case 8.53 Sarcoidosis Index