Exotic Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine

Description

Exotic Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine delivers the most relevant and current information required by general veterinary practitioners and veterinary specialists in treating emergent and critical exotic patients.  Covering the management of common emergency presentations in exotic companion mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians, each section discusses triage and stabilization, diagnostics, nutrition and fluid therapy, analgesia, anesthesia, monitoring, CPR, and euthanasia. The book includes quick reference tables, species-specific drug formularies, and illustrations of exotic animal emergency procedures and techniques. The information contained within is based on an extensive review of the most current literature and the combined knowledge and expertise of international leaders in the field of exotic animal medicine and surgery.   A one-stop resource like no other, Exotic Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine makes it easy to find the information needed to effectively treat urgent and life-threatening conditions in pet exotic animals. The book covers a wide range of species, encompassing:   Exotic companion mammals, including ferrets, rabbits, guinea pigs, chinchillas, rats, mice, hamsters, gerbils, hedgehogs, and sugar gliders  Birds, including psittacines, passerines, doves and pigeons, as well as backyard poultry and waterfowl  Reptiles, including turtles and tortoises, snakes and lizards Amphibians  Equally useful for general practitioners, specialists in emergency and critical care and exotic animal medicine, veterinary students, and trainees, Exotic Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine is an essential resource for the emergent and critical care of exotic animals.  Table of Contents Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Page List of Contributors Part 1: Exotic Companion Mammals Section 1: Triage and Stabilization 1 History and Clinical Examination Initial Phone Consultation History Physical Exam Reference Further Reading 2 Restraint, Handling, and Hospitalization Transportation Handling and Restraint Hospitalization Further Reading 3 Oxygen Therapy Indications for Oxygen Therapy in Exotic Companion Mammals Oxygen Administration Techniques Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) Devices and Supraglottic Airway Devices (SGAD) Common Respiratory Diseases of Exotic Small Mammals References 4 Catheterization and Venipuncture Blood Sample Collection Catheterization Further Reading 5 Wound Care and Bandaging Techniques Principles of Wound Healing Pre‐treatment Considerations Wound Management Bandaging Techniques References Further Reading 6 CPR and Euthanasia Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Euthanasia References Further Reading 7 Analgesia, Anesthesia, and Monitoring Injection Sites Analgesia Sedation Anesthesia Monitoring References Further Reading 8 Nutrition and Fluid Therapy Nutrition Fluid Therapy Reference Further Reading Section 2: Diagnostics 9 STAT Diagnostics in Exotic Companion Mammals Point‐of‐Care Testing (POCT) Point‐of‐Care Blood Sampling Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Total Protein (TP) Blood Glucose (BG) Lactate Blood Smear Evaluation Coagulation Testing Blood Gas and Acid‐Base Evaluation Biochemistry (Point‐of‐Care) Evaluation of Temperature Cardiovascular Assessment Respiratory Assessment Evaluation of Defecation Evaluation of the Urinary System Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound (POCUS) References 10 Diagnostic Imaging Introduction – Indications for Diagnostic Imaging Image Acquisition and Normal Anatomy Advanced Diagnostic Imaging (Brief) Clinical Presentations Requiring Emergent Imaging References 11 Clinical Pathology Hematology Biochemical Evaluation Urine Evaluation References 12 Cytology Sample Collection Fluid Cytology Fecal Cytology References 13 Ancillary Diagnostics Infectious Disease Assessments Toxicology Assessments Metabolic/Endocrine Assessments Bone Marrow Assessments References Section 3: Emergency Presentations and Management by Species 14 Ferrets Unique Species Considerations Common Presenting Signs Systemic Disease Neurologic and Musculoskeletal Disease Musculoskeletal Cardiac Disease Respiratory Disease Gastrointestinal Disease Urinary Disease Reproductive Disease Endocrine Disease Neoplastic Disease Dermatologic Disease Ophthalmic Disease Reference Further Reading 15 Rabbits Unique Species Considerations Common Presenting Signs Systemic Disease Musculoskeletal Disease Neurologic Disease Cardiopulmonary Disease Gastrointestinal Disease Urogenital Disease Neoplasia Dermatologic Disease Ophthalmic Disease Further Reading 16 Guinea Pigs Unique Species Considerations Common Presenting Signs Systemic Disease Neurologic and Musculoskeletal Disease Cardiopulmonary Disease Respiratory Diseases Gastrointestinal Disease Urogenital and Reproductive Disease Endocrine Disease Neoplastic Disease Dermatologic Disease Ophthalmic Disease References 17 Chinchillas Unique Species Considerations Common Presenting Signs Gastrointestinal Disease Dental Disease Ocular Signs Trauma Systemic Disease Neurologic and Musculoskeletal Disease Cardiopulmonary Disease Gastrointestinal Disease Urogenital and Reproductive Disease Dermatologic Disease Ophthalmic Disease References Further Reading 18 Rats and Mice Unique Species Considerations Common Presenting Signs Systemic Disease Neurologic and Musculoskeletal Disease Cardiopulmonary Disease Gastrointestinal Disease Urogenital and Reproductive Disease Endocrine Disease Neoplastic Disease Dermatologic Disease Ophthalmic Disease Further Reading 19 Hamsters and Gerbils Unique Species Considerations Common Presenting Signs Neurologic and Musculoskeletal Disease Cardiopulmonary Disease Gastrointestinal Disease Urogenital and Reproductive Disease Endocrine Disease Neoplastic Disease Dermatologic Disease Ventral Gland Lesions Ophthalmic Disease References 20 Hedgehogs Unique Species Considerations Common Presenting Signs Systemic/Neurologic Cardiopulmonary Disease Respiratory Disease Gastrointestinal Disease Urogenital and Reproductive Disease Neoplasia Dermatology References 21 Sugar Gliders Unique Species Considerations Common Presenting Signs Systemic Disease Neurologic and Musculoskeletal Disease Cardiopulmonary Disease Gastrointestinal Disease Urogenital and Reproductive Disease Neoplastic Disease Dermatologic Disease Ophthalmic Disease References Part 2: Avian Section 1: Triage and Stabilization 22 History and Clinical Exam Initial Phone Consultation History Clinical Exam Conclusion References Avian History Form Animal Details Reason for Presentation Today Diet Cage Environment 23 Restraint and Handling Overview and Indications Transport Manual Restraint Sedation Hospitalization References 24 Oxygen Therapy Indications for Oxygen Therapy Oxygen Toxicity Methods of Oxygen Supplementation References 25 Catheterization and Venipuncture Venipuncture Catheterization Normal Arterial Blood Pressure in Birds References 26 Wound Care and Bandaging Techniques Introduction Initial Wound Assessment and Management Superficial Wounds Full Thickness Wounds Bite Wounds External Coaptation of Fractures External Coaptation: Wing External Coaptation: Leg E‐Collars Further Reading 27 CPR and Euthanasia Introduction Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Euthanasia References 28 Avian Pain Management and Anesthesia Analgesia Sedation General Anesthesia Monitoring and Supportive Care References 29 Nutrition and Fluid Therapy Nutrition in Birds Fluid Therapy in Birds References Section 2: Diagnostics 30 STAT Diagnostics Point‐Of‐Care Blood Sampling Evaluation of Droppings Evaluation of Crop Contents Cardiovascular Assessment Respiratory Assessment Point‐Of‐Care Ultrasound (POCUS) References 31 Diagnostic Imaging Image Acquisition and Normal Anatomy Clinical Presentations Requiring Emergent Imaging Conclusion Acknowledgments References 32 Clinical Pathology Hematology Clinical Biochemistry Urine Evaluation References 33 Cytology Introduction Sampling and Processing Evaluation Cytology of Common Samples Obtained in Emergency Presentations References 34 Ancillary Diagnostics Infectious Disease Assessments Toxicology Assays Metabolic/Endocrine Assessments Bone Marrow Assessments Endoscopy Biopsy/Histopathology Assessments Infrared Thermography Electromyography Ophthalmologic Tests Parasitologic Tests References Section 3: Emergency Presentations and Management by Species 35 Psittacines Common Presenting Signs Systemic Disease Neurologic and Musculoskeletal Disease Cardiopulmonary Disease Gastrointestinal Disease Urogenital and Reproductive Disease Dermatologic Disease Ophthalmic Disease References 36 Passerines Scope of the Chapter Passerines: Common Presenting Signs Neurologic Abdominal (Coelomic) Distention Abnormal Droppings Bleeding Lesions to the Unfeathered Skin of the Feet and Legs Dead on Arrival Egg Binding and Post Egg Laying Complications Musculoskeletal Signs Fluffed Up on Perch or Down at the Bottom of the Cage Increased Respiratory Effort Ocular and Periocular Disease Further Reading 37 Pigeons and Doves Unique Species Considerations Common Presenting Signs References 38 Backyard Poultry and Waterfowl Unique Species Considerations Further Reading Part 3: Reptile and Amphibian Section I: Triage and Stabilization 39 History and Clinical Exam Initial Phone Consultation History Clinical Exam Conclusion References Further Reading 40 Restraint and Handling Overview and Indications Transportation Manual Restraint Chemical Restraint Hospitalization and Daily Monitoring Conclusion References 41 Oxygen Therapy Indications for Oxygen Therapy Oxygen Toxicity Methods of Oxygen Supplementation References 42 Catheterization and Venipuncture Introduction Blood Sample Collection Catheterization References 43 Wound Care and Bandaging Techniques Introduction Wound Care Bandaging Techniques Further Reading 44 CPR and Euthanasia Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation Euthanasia Conclusion References 45 Analgesia, Anesthesia, and Monitoring Introduction Drug Administration Techniques Analgesia Sedation Anesthesia Monitoring and Supportive Care References 46 Nutrition and Fluid Therapy Nutrition Fluid Therapy References Section 2: Diagnostics 47 STAT Diagnostics Point‐of‐Care Blood Sampling Coagulation Testing Blood Gas + Acid–Base Evaluation Biochemistry Evaluation of Droppings Cardiovascular Assessment Respiratory Assessment Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound (POCUS) Water Quality Testing References 48 Diagnostic Imaging Image Acquisition and Normal Anatomy Advanced Diagnostic Imaging Clinical Presentations Requiring Emergent Imaging References 49 Clinical Pathology Hematology Biochemical Evaluation Urine Evaluation Acknowledgments References 50 Cytology Sample Collection Hematology Fluid Cytology Cytology of Body Systems References 51 Ancillary Diagnostics Infectious Disease Assessments Toxicology Assessments Metabolic/Endocrine Assessments Bone Marrow Assessments Endoscopy Cystoscopy Biopsy/Histopathology Assessments References Section 3: Emergency Presentations and Management by Species 52 Turtles and Tortoises Unique Species Considerations Common Presenting Signs Systemic Disease Neurological and Musculoskeletal Disease Cardiopulmonary Disease Gastrointestinal Disease Urogenital and Reproductive Disease Neoplastic Disease Dermatologic Disease Ophthalmic Disease References 53 Snakes Unique Species Considerations Common Presenting Signs Neurologic and Musculoskeletal Disease Cardiopulmonary Disease Gastrointestinal Disease Urogenital and Reproductive Disease Neoplastic Disease Dermatologic Disease Ophthalmic Disease Systemic Disease References Further Reading 54 Lizards Unique Species Considerations Common Presenting Signs Systemic Disease Neurologic and Musculoskeletal Disease Cardiopulmonary Disease Gastrointestinal Disease Urogenital and Reproductive Disease Neoplastic Diseases Dermatologic Disease Ophthalmic Disease References Further Readings 55 Amphibians Unique Species Considerations Common Presenting Signs References Index End User License Agreement