The Second Crusade: Extending the Frontiers of Christendom

Description

The Second Crusade (1145-1149) was an extraordinarily bold attempt to overcome unbelievers on no less than three fronts. Crusader armies set out to defeat Muslims in the Holy Land and in Iberia as well as pagans in northeastern Europe. But, to the shock and dismay of a society raised on the triumphant legacy of the First Crusade, only in Iberia did they achieve any success. This book, the first in 140 years devoted to the Second Crusade, fills a major gap in our understanding of the Crusades and their importance in medieval European history. Historian Jonathan Phillips draws on the latest developments in Crusade studies to cast new light on the origins, planning, and execution of the Second Crusade, some of its more radical intentions, and its unprecedented ambition. With original insights into the legacy of the First Crusade and the roles of Pope Eugenius III and King Conrad III of Germany, Phillips offers the definitive work on this neglected Crusade that, despite its failed objectives, exerted a profound impact across Europe and the eastern Mediterranean. CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABBREVIATIONS MAPS ILLUSTRATIONS PROLOGUE: THE FALL OF EDESSA, DECEMBER 1144 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1 ONGOING CONTACT BETWEEN THE LATIN EAST AND THE WEST AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRUSADING, 1099–1145 CHAPTER 2 THE LEGACY OF THE FIRST CRUSADE IN WRITING, REPUTATIONS AND ARCHITECTURE CHAPTER 3 QUANTUM PRAEDECESSORES THE CRUSADE APPEAL OF POPE EUGENIUS III – CONTEXT AND CONTENT CHAPTER 4 THE LAUNCH OF THE SECOND CRUSADE: BOURGES, VÉZELAY AND THE PREACHING MESSAGE OF BERNARD OF CLAIRVAUX CHAPTER 5 BERNARD’S PREACHING TOUR OF FLANDERS AND GERMANY THE ATTACKS ON THE JEWS AND THE RECRUITMENT OF KING CONRAD III CHAPTER 6 PEOPLE, PRACTICALITIES AND MOTIVATION CHAPTER 7 THE FINAL PREPARATIONS OF LOUIS AND CONRAD: DIPLOMACY, REGENCY AND CEREMONIAL CHAPTER 8 THE CONQUEST OF LISBON CHAPTER 9 CONRAD’S MARCH TO CONSTANTINOPLE AND INTO ASIA MINOR CHAPTER 10 THE MARCH OF LOUIS VII TO CONSTANTINOPLE AND INTO ASIA MINOR CHAPTER 11 THE CRUSADE AT ANTIOCH AND THE SIEGE OF DAMASCUS CHAPTER 12 THE WENDISH CRUSADE CHAPTER 13 CRUSADING IN IBERIA: ALMERÍA, JAEN, TORTOSA AND LÉRIDA CHAPTER 14 THE AFTERMATH OF THE SECOND CRUSADE IN THE HOLY LAND AND THE WEST Appendix 1 Translation of Quantum praedecessores Appendix 2 Translation of Chevalier, mult estes guariz NOTES BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX