ABCs of z/OS System Programming

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Go to the current abstract on ibm.com/redbooks http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redpieces/abstracts/sg246989.html?Open&pdfbookmarkFront cover Contents Notices Trademarks Preface The team who wrote this book Now you can become a published author, too! Comments welcome Stay connected to IBM Redbooks Chapter 1. Products and components 1.1 z/OS UNIX System Services 1.2 z/OS UNIX System Services and z/OS 1.3 z/OS and z/OS UNIX 1.4 Product and component support for z/OS UNIX 1.5 Security Server RACF 1.6 Data Facility System-Managed Storage (DFSMS) 1.7 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) 1.8 System Modification Program Extended (SMP/E) 1.9 System Management Facility (SMF) 1.10 Resource Measurement Facility (RMF) 1.11 Virtual Lookaside Facility (VLF) 1.12 Time Sharing Option/Extended (TSO/E) 1.13 Workload Manager (WLM) 1.14 Tivoli Storage Manager (TSM) Chapter 2. z/OS UNIX overview 2.1 z/OS UNIX and UNIX applications 2.2 z/OS UNIX terminology overview 2.3 HFS and zFS file system PFSes 2.4 Using z/OS UNIX 2.5 z/OS UNIX System Services 2.6 Physical file systems 2.7 z/OS UNIX file sharing in a sysplex 2.8 z/OS UNIX file systems 2.9 File system data sets 2.10 Root file system 2.11 File and directory permission bits 2.12 MVS data sets versus file system files 2.13 zFS or HFS data sets 2.14 z/OS UNIX components 2.15 z/OS UNIX programs (processes) 2.16 Create a process 2.17 z/OS UNIX processes 2.18 z/OS UNIX interactive interfaces 2.19 ISPF Option 6 2.20 ISHELL command (ish) 2.21 User’s files and directories 2.22 OMVS shell session 2.23 OMVS command shell session 2.24 ls -al command - list files in the root 2.25 ISPF edit mode for a z/OS UNIX file 2.26 ISPF edit mode for a z/OS UNIX file 2.27 Specifying the z/OS UNIX path name 2.28 ISPF ENQs on z/OS UNIX files 2.29 Support for editing ASCII data 2.30 Handling line feed characters 2.31 Direct login to shell 2.32 Telnet access to z/OS UNIX Chapter 3. z/OS UNIX System Services preinstallation requirements 3.1 Customization of the root 3.2 Installing z/OS using ServerPac 3.3 Installing z/OS using CBPDO 3.4 ServerPac and CBPDO 3.5 z/OS UNIX System Services installation 3.6 z/OS UNIX security 3.7 RACF definitions 3.8 RACF OMVS segments 3.9 OMVS segment fields 3.10 UNIX security 3.11 z/OS UNIX superuser 3.12 RACF commands and user IDs 3.13 RACF commands to define groups 3.14 RACF commands to define users 3.15 LU and LG command examples 3.16 Define a terminal group name 3.17 TSO/E support 3.18 User access to TSO/E commands Chapter 4. z/OS UNIX System Services installation 4.1 z/OS UNIX PARMLIB - PROCLIB members 4.2 IEASYSxx PARMLIB member 4.3 z/OS UNIX minimum mode 4.4 Minimum mode: TFS 4.5 z/OS UNIX full-function mode 4.6 z/OS HFS root 4.7 zFS with z/OS V1R7 4.8 HFS or zFS data sets 4.9 Set data set type 4.10 Choosing zFS 4.11 ServerPac changes if using zFS 4.12 UNIX utilities: TSO/E commands 4.13 UNIX commands to move and copy data 4.14 The pax and tar utilities 4.15 ServerPac z/OS UNIX installation 4.16 Non-volatile root file system 4.17 Installation of other products 4.18 z/OS UNIX System Services installation Chapter 5. z/OS UNIX shell and utilities 5.1 The z/OS UNIX shell 5.2 Input, output, errors with UNIX shell 5.3 Accessing the z/OS UNIX shell 5.4 Controlling session resources 5.5 Dynamic /dev 5.6 Invoking the shell via TSO/E 5.7 Invoking the shell via rlogin or telnet 5.8 rlogin and telnet access 5.9 Customizing z/OS UNIX initialization 5.10 Initializing z/OS UNIX 5.11 Environment variables 5.12 Environment variables 5.13 The /etc/init.options file 5.14 The etc/rc file 5.15 The /etc/inittab file with z/OS V1R8 5.16 The _BPXK_INITTAB_RESPAWN variable 5.17 Rules for coding /etc/inittab 5.18 Customizing the OMVS command 5.19 Shell environment variables 5.20 Customizing your shell environment 5.21 Global variables in /etc/profile 5.22 User-defined settings 5.23 Setting the time zone 5.24 Customizing the C89/CC compilers 5.25 Code page tables 5.26 Specifying a code page 5.27 Internationalization variables (locales) 5.28 Setting the region size 5.29 Setting up printers for shell users 5.30 Installing books for OHELP 5.31 Using the man command 5.32 Enabling various tools 5.33 SVP for z/OS UNIX and tools 5.34 Setup Verification Program (SVP) Chapter 6. Security customization 6.1 RACF OMVS segments 6.2 z/OS UNIX UIDs and GIDs 6.3 z/OS UNIX users and groups 6.4 BPXROOT user ID 6.5 Superuser with appropriate authority 6.6 Commands for superusers 6.7 z/OS UNIX security and RACF profiles 6.8 z/OS UNIX security: BPX.SUPERUSER 6.9 z/OS UNIX superuser granularity 6.10 Resource names: UNIXPRIV 6.11 z/OS UNIX UNIXPRIV class profiles 6.12 Assigning UIDs 6.13 Shared UID prevention 6.14 Automatic UID and GID assignment 6.15 Automatic assignment requirements 6.16 Automatic assignment examples 6.17 Automatic assignment with RRSF 6.18 z/OS UNIX security: File security packet 6.19 Octal values for permission bits 6.20 Data set security versus file security 6.21 z/OS UNIX user’s security environment 6.22 Access checking flows 6.23 File authorization checking flow 6.24 POSIX standard and UNIX ACLs 6.25 Limitations of current permission bits 6.26 FSPs and ACLs 6.27 Access control list table 6.28 File authorization check summary 6.29 Profiles in UNIXPRIV class 6.30 Profiles in UNIXPRIV class (2) 6.31 RACF RESTRICTED attribute 6.32 z/OS UNIX file access checking 6.33 RESTRICTED user profile 6.34 Restricted user access checking 6.35 Access checking with ACLs (1) 6.36 Access checking with ACLs (2) 6.37 Create ACLs 6.38 ACL types 6.39 OMVS shell commands for ACLs 6.40 Create ACLs for a specific directory 6.41 Create an access ACL 6.42 Display the access ACL 6.43 Create a directory default ACL 6.44 Create a file default ACL 6.45 Creating all ACL types 6.46 Using the ISHELL panel 6.47 Create an access ACL using ISHELL 6.48 File attributes panel for /u/harry 6.49 File attributes panel showing ACLs 6.50 Select option to create an access ACL 6.51 Create an access ACL 6.52 Add an access ACL 6.53 Access ACL after creation 6.54 ACL inheritance: New directory/new file 6.55 Multilevel security with z/OS V1R5 6.56 Multilevel security (MLS) 6.57 MLS support for z/OS UNIX 6.58 Mandatory access control (MAC) 6.59 Discretionary access control (DAC) 6.60 SECLABELs and MAC 6.61 Special SECLABELs and definitions 6.62 SYSMULTI SECLABEL 6.63 z/OS UNIX and SECLABELs 6.64 Understanding UMASK 6.65 Displaying the UMASK 6.66 Default permissions and UMASK 6.67 Example of creating a new file 6.68 Can user JOE access the file 6.69 Can user ANN copy the file 6.70 Setting file permissions 6.71 Setting file permissions 6.72 List file and directory information 6.73 Introducing daemons 6.74 z/OS UNIX daemons 6.75 UNIX-level security for daemons 6.76 z/OS UNIX security: BPX.DAEMON 6.77 RACF program control 6.78 z/OS UNIX-level security for daemons 6.79 Start options for daemons 6.80 Define daemon security 6.81 Auditing options for z/OS UNIX 6.82 File-based auditing 6.83 Audit z/OS UNIX events 6.84 Chaudit command 6.85 List audit information for files 6.86 Auditing reports 6.87 Maintain z/OS UNIX-level security 6.88 Setting up z/OS UNIX (1) 6.89 Setting up z/OS UNIX (2) 6.90 Setting up z/OS UNIX (3) 6.91 Setting up z/OS UNIX (4) 6.92 Setting up z/OS UNIX (5) 6.93 RACF definitions for zFS 6.94 UNIXPRIV class with z/OS V1R3 and zFS 6.95 List current user IDs with the ISHELL 6.96 The BPXBATCH utility 6.97 The BPXBATCH job 6.98 BPXBATCH and shell commands Chapter 7. zFS file systems 7.1 zSeries File System (zFS) 7.2 zFS compatibility mode aggregate 7.3 BPXPRMxx definitions for zFS 7.4 zFS colony address space 7.5 HFS data sets and zFS data sets 7.6 zFS utilities and commands 7.7 zfsadm command 7.8 Allocate Linear VSAM data set 7.9 Create the aggregate from ISHELL 7.10 Format VSAM space - create aggregate 7.11 Format the aggregate 7.12 Ioeagfmt successful messages 7.13 Grow an aggregate 7.14 Dynamic aggregate extension 7.15 The -grow option 7.16 -grow option for formatting 7.17 Mounting the file system 7.18 ISHELL support for zFS 7.19 Panel of attached zFS aggregates 7.20 Display aggregate attributes 7.21 Display attached aggregates 7.22 List file systems 7.23 zFS aggregate space commands 7.24 Command for aggregate display 7.25 zFS threshold monitoring space usage 7.26 Dynamic configuration parameters 7.27 zfsadm configquery command options 7.28 zfsadm config command options 7.29 Defining IOEFSPRM options 7.30 Logical PARMLIB support 7.31 Specifying PARMLIB members 7.32 Add a volume to a zFS aggregate 7.33 zFS migration considerations 7.34 HFS/zFS as generic file system type 7.35 Migration considerations 7.36 Migration tool 7.37 Migration checks file system type 7.38 Migration tool enhancements with APAR OA18196 7.39 REXX exec - BPXWH2Z 7.40 BPXWH2Z panels 7.41 Space allocations - HFS versus zFS 7.42 Using the migration tool 7.43 BPXWH2Z panels 7.44 Using SMS if required 7.45 Migrate in the foreground 7.46 Migration steps 7.47 Migration steps 7.48 Migration steps continued 7.49 Alter allocation parameters panel 7.50 APAR OA18196 - Exact data set match 7.51 Migrating a list of data sets 7.52 Data set list displayed 7.53 Health Checker USS_HFS_DETECTED 7.54 Health Checker USS_HFS_DETECTED 7.55 Check with RUN_ON_MOUNT=YES 7.56 Special characters in zFS aggregates 7.57 BPXMTEXT shell command Chapter 8. File sharing in a sysplex 8.1 Shared file systems in a sysplex 8.2 Sysplex environment setup 8.3 File systems in a shared sysplex 8.4 Multiple systems: Different versions 8.5 Update BPXPRMxx for sysplex 8.6 OMVS couple data set 8.7 OMVS couple data set commands 8.8 D XCF,COUPLE,TYPE=BPXMCDS 8.9 Change to the SETXCF command 8.10 New message for command failure 8.11 File sharing in a sysplex 8.12 Mounting shared sysplex file systems 8.13 Accessing shared sysplex file systems 8.14 Shared file system AUTOMOVE takeover 8.15 Moving file systems in a sysplex 8.16 Requests to LFS to PFS to files 8.17 Systems accessing file systems 8.18 zFS sharing mode terminology 8.19 Defining zFS as sysplex-unaware 8.20 zFS File systems with APAR OA29712 8.21 Defining zFS as sysplex-aware 8.22 APAR OA29619 8.23 New zFS configuration options (OA29619) 8.24 Admin levels in a mixed sysplex 8.25 Defing zFS as syplex-aware 8.26 Using the sysplex=filesys parameter 8.27 Using the sysplex=filesys parameter 8.28 The sysplex_filesys_sharemode parameter 8.29 sysplex_filesys_sharemode considerations 8.30 sysplex_filesys_sharemode considerations 8.31 zFS mixed environment 8.32 zFS cache management 8.33 zFS sysplex-aware on a file system basis 8.34 Automatic movement of file systems Chapter 9. Managing file systems 9.1 Hierarchical file system (HFS) 9.2 File linking 9.3 Hard links 9.4 Symbolic links 9.5 External links 9.6 File system structure 9.7 Temporary directory space 9.8 Temporary file system (TFS) 9.9 Colony address space 9.10 Mounting file systems 9.11 Mount and unmount 9.12 Managing user file systems 9.13 User file systems: Direct mount 9.14 Mounting file systems 9.15 Option 3: Mount 9.16 Automount facility 9.17 Automount setup 9.18 Generic match on lowercase names 9.19 Automount facility overview 9.20 Activating automount 9.21 SETOMVS RESET=xx implementation 9.22 Issue the SETOMVS command 9.23 Updating an existing automount policy 9.24 Example of new options 9.25 One auto.master for a sysplex 9.26 HFS to zFS automount 9.27 HFS to zFS automount 9.28 Automount migration considerations 9.29 How to mount zFS file systems 9.30 Using direct mount commands 9.31 Mounting zFS file systems 9.32 MOUNT commands 9.33 zFS file system clone 9.34 Backup file system - zFS clone 9.35 zFS clone mounted 9.36 Using the clone 9.37 Mounting File Systems - (HFS - zFS) 9.38 MOUNT command options 9.39 UNMOUNT option 9.40 UNMOUNT option support 9.41 UNMOUNT option support 9.42 Mount file system panel 9.43 Set AUTOMOVE options 9.44 AUTOMOVE system list (syslist) 9.45 AUTOMOVE parameters for mounts 9.46 AUTOMOVE wildcard support 9.47 AUTOMOVE wildcard examples 9.48 Stopping zFS 9.49 Restarting the PFS 9.50 Mounting file systems with SET OMVS 9.51 Messages from shutdown of a ZFS single system 9.52 Messages for the restart of ZFS 9.53 Shutdown and recovery scenarios 9.54 zFS commands in a sysplex 9.55 zfsadm command changes for sysplex 9.56 zfsadm command changes 9.57 Configuration options 9.58 Command forwarding support 9.59 Indirect volsers with zFS data sets 9.60 Using indirect volume serials with cloned zFS data sets 9.61 Define a VSAM LDS and format 9.62 Delete the data set and IDCAMS DEFINE 9.63 Centralized BRLM support 9.64 Distributed BRLM 9.65 Define BRLM option in CDS 9.66 BRLM problems in a sysplex 9.67 z/OS V1R8 BRLM recovery of locks 9.68 File system access 9.69 File access 9.70 List file and directory information 9.71 File security packet - extattr bits 9.72 Extended attributes 9.73 APF-authorized attribute 9.74 Activate program control 9.75 Shared address space attribute 9.76 Shared library attribute 9.77 File format attribute 9.78 Extended attribute command example 9.79 Sticky bit 9.80 Set the UID/GID bit Chapter 10. Overview of TCP/IP 10.1 Introduction to TCP/IP 10.2 TCP/IP terminology 10.3 IPv4 addressing 10.4 IPv6 addresses 10.5 User login to the z/OS UNIX shell 10.6 Resolver address space 10.7 TCPDATA search order 10.8 Create configuration files used by TCP/IP 10.9 Customize the TCP/IP profile data set 10.10 Customize TCPDATA 10.11 z/OS IP search order 10.12 z/OS IP search order (2) 10.13 Customize the TCP/IP procedure 10.14 Customizing PARMLIB members for TCP/IP 10.15 PARMLIB members to customize for TCP/IP 10.16 RACF customization for TCP/IP 10.17 Customizing TCP/IP 10.18 TCP/IP shell commands Chapter 11. TCP/IP applications 11.1 Overview of z/OS UNIX data access 11.2 Sockets 11.3 z/OS Communications Server 11.4 z/OS UNIX sockets support 11.5 Customizing sockets 11.6 Logging in to the z/OS UNIX shell 11.7 Using inetd - master of daemons 11.8 Customize inetd 11.9 Customize inetd (2) 11.10 Login to a Unix system 11.11 rlogin to z/OS UNIX services 11.12 Activating z/OS UNIX rlogin daemon 11.13 Comparing shell login methods 11.14 Define TCP/IP daemons 11.15 The syslogd daemon 11.16 The FTPD daemon 11.17 z/OS IP search order for FTP 11.18 z/OS IP search order for /etc/services 11.19 Start the TCP/IP daemons 11.20 Message integration support 11.21 Message routing to z/OS 11.22 syslogd command options 11.23 syslogd defined instances 11.24 syslogd configuration file 11.25 Start procedure for syslogd 11.26 syslogd availability considerations Chapter 12. z/OS UNIX PARMLIB members 12.1 BPXPRMxx PARMLIB member 12.2 BPXPRMFS PARMLIB member 12.3 BPXPRMxx control keywords 12.4 BPXPRMxx PARMLIB member 12.5 Controlling the number of processes 12.6 Resource limits for processes 12.7 MAXFILEPROC statement 12.8 Setting file descriptors 12.9 Setting file descriptor for a single user 12.10 Display BPXPRMxx limits 12.11 Memory mapped files 12.12 Controlling thread resources 12.13 Creating a process using fork() 12.14 Values for forked child process 12.15 Starting a program with exec() 12.16 Values passed for exec() program 12.17 z/OS UNIX processes get STEPLIBs 12.18 Locating programs for z/OS UNIX processes 12.19 Shared pages for the fork() function 12.20 Spawn function 12.21 Interprocess communication functions 12.22 Address Space Memory Map z/OS V1R5 12.23 Control IPC resources 12.24 Kernel support for IBM 5.0 JVM 12.25 Interprocess communication signals 12.26 Pipes 12.27 Other BPXPRMxx keywords 12.28 More BPXPRMxx parameters 12.29 FILESYSTYPE statement 12.30 FILESYSTYPE and NETWORK 12.31 ROOT and MOUNT statements 12.32 Examples of MKDIR in BPXPRMxx 12.33 Allocating SWA above the line 12.34 z/OS UNIX Web site Chapter 13. Maintenance 13.1 Example of SMP/E SMPMCS 13.2 Active root file system 13.3 Inactive root file system (clone) 13.4 /SERVICE directory 13.5 Sample SMP/E DDDEFs 13.6 Prepare for SMP/E 13.7 SMP/E APPLY process 13.8 Supporting multiple service levels 13.9 Supporting multiple service levels (2) 13.10 ISHELL display of root 13.11 The chroot command 13.12 Testing a root file system 13.13 Testing the updated root 13.14 Dynamic service activation 13.15 Dynamic service activation commands 13.16 Using the new service 13.17 Deactivate service 13.18 Display service Chapter 14. z/OS UNIX operations 14.1 Commands to monitor z/OS UNIX 14.2 Display summary of z/OS UNIX 14.3 Display z/OS UNIX options 14.4 Display BPXPRMxx limits 14.5 Display address space information 14.6 Display process information 14.7 Display the kernel address space 14.8 z/OS V1R7 command options 14.9 Mount error messages displayed 14.10 Mount failure messages 14.11 Stopping BPXAS address spaces 14.12 LFS soft shutdown 14.13 z/OS V1R8 file system shutdown 14.14 Options with the D OMVS,F command 14.15 Options with the D OMVS,F command 14.16 New command examples 14.17 New command examples 14.18 New command examples 14.19 z/OS UNIX shutdown 14.20 Recommended shutdown procedures 14.21 Application registration 14.22 Display application registration 14.23 F OMVS,SHUTDOWN 14.24 Blocking processes completion 14.25 Shutdown processing completion 14.26 Shutdown for permanent processes 14.27 Shutdown processing final cleanup 14.28 F OMVS,RESTART 14.29 Alternate sysplex root 14.30 Defining an alternate root and mount 14.31 BPXPRMxx parmlib member - ALTROOT 14.32 Display information about processes 14.33 Stop a process 14.34 Superkill function 14.35 Superkill example 14.36 Changing OMVS parameter values 14.37 Manage interprocess communication 14.38 System problems 14.39 z/OS UNIX abends and messages 14.40 USS errors and codes 14.41 CTIBPX00 and CTCBPXxx 14.42 Tracing z/OS UNIX events 14.43 Debugging a z/OS UNIX problem 14.44 IPCS OMVSDATA reports Chapter 15. z/OS UNIX shell and programming tools 15.1 Language Environment run-time library 15.2 Using pre-LE run-time libraries 15.3 Overview of c89/cc/c++ 15.4 Customization of /etc/profile for c89/cc/c++ 15.5 Compile, link-edit, and run 15.6 Customization of Java for z/OS 15.7 Java virtual machine 15.8 Management of software and the make utility 15.9 The dbx debugger 15.10 The dbx debugger 15.11 Introduction to shells 15.12 REXX, CLISTs, and shell scripts 15.13 Shell script syntax 15.14 BPXBATCH enhancements 15.15 BPXBATCH implementation 15.16 BPXBATCH summary 15.17 TSO/E ALLOCATE command for STDPARM 15.18 STDERR and STDOUT as MVS data sets 15.19 BPXBATCH sample job 15.20 Child process created for MVS data sets 15.21 BPXBATCH utility Chapter 16. Performance, debugging, recovery, and tuning 16.1 z/OS UNIX performance overview 16.2 WLM in goal mode 16.3 Defining service classes 16.4 Workload Manager service classes 16.5 Subsystem type panel 16.6 WLM work qualifiers 16.7 OMVS work qualifiers 16.8 Defining classification rules 16.9 Classification rules 16.10 Classification rules for STC 16.11 Virtual lookaside facility (VLF) 16.12 VLF for z/OS UNIX 16.13 COFVLFxx updates for z/OS UNIX 16.14 AIM Stage 3 16.15 Further tuning tips 16.16 zFS performance tuning 16.17 zFS cache 16.18 zFS cache locations 16.19 Metadata backing cache 16.20 Performance APIs 16.21 Performance monitoring APIs 16.22 zfsadm query command 16.23 The IOEZADM utility from TSO for commands 16.24 Directory cache 16.25 Directory caching display tool 16.26 File system monitoring tool (FSMON) 16.27 The zfsadm query -iobyaggr command 16.28 SMF recording 16.29 SMF 92 subtype 14 enhancement 16.30 RMF reporting 16.31 RMF Monitor III support for zFS 16.32 zFS access to file systems 16.33 RMF Overview Report Selection Menu 16.34 zFS Summary Report 16.35 zFS Summary I/O details by type 16.36 User and vnode cache detail 16.37 DFSMSdss dump and restore for zFS file systems 16.38 UNQUIESCE command 16.39 zFS recovery support 16.40 zFS aggregate corruption 16.41 Debugging data sets 16.42 zFS hang detection 16.43 zFS hang detection 16.44 z/OS UNIX Internet information Related publications IBM Redbooks Other publications Online resources How to get IBM Redbooks Help from IBM Back cover