Men’s Health Equity: A Handbook

Description

Worldwide, men have more opportunities, privileges, and power, yet they also have shorter life expectancies than women. Why is this? Why are there stark differences in the burden of disease, quality of life, and length of life amongst men, by race, ethnicity, (dis)ability status, sexual orientation, gender identity, rurality, and national context? Why is this a largely unexplored area of research? Men’s Health Equity is the first volume to describe men’s health equity as a field of study that emerged from gaps in and between research on men’s health and health inequities. This handbook provides a comprehensive review of foundations of the field; summarizes the issues unique to different populations; discusses key frameworks for studying and exploring issues that cut across populations in the United States, Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, Central America, and South America; and offers strategies for improving the health of key population groups and achieving men’s health equity overall. This book systematically explores the underlying causes of these differences, describes the specific challenges faced by particular groups of men, and offers policy and programmatic strategies to improve the health and well-being of men and pursue men’s health equity. Men’s Health Equity will be the first collection to present the state of the science in this field, its progress, its breadth, and its future. This book is an invaluable resource for scholars, researchers, students, and professionals interested in men’s health equity, men’s health, psychology of men’s health, gender studies, public health, and global health. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents List of illustrations List of contributors Foreword or Series Editor Introduction Preface Why the Term “Men’s Health Equity” Why a Handbook on Men’s Health Equity? The Organization of Men’s Health Equity Acknowledgment References Acknowledgments Part I Psychosocial and Developmental Foundations of Men’s Health Equity Chapter 1 Introduction How Do We Define the Field of Men’s Health Equity? Conclusion Acknowledgment References Chapter 2 Masculinity and Men’s Health Disparities: Conceptual and Theoretical Challenges Introduction Biology, Sociobiology, and Men’s Health Disparities Sex Role Theory and a Psychology of Men’s Health Disparities Relational Models of Gender and Masculinities Third Wave Conceptualizations of Gender and Masculinities Intersectionality: Identity, Power, Resources, and Health Conclusions Notes References Chapter 3 Precarious Manhood and Men’s Health Disparities Introduction Precarious Manhood Theory Men’s Avoidance of Healthy Behaviors Men’s Pursuit of Unhealthy Behaviors Healthy Masculine Behaviors Intersectionality and Health Implications for Public Health Campaigns Conclusions References Chapter 4 Fatherhood as a Social Context for Reducing Men’s Health Disparities: Lessons Learned from the Fathers and Sons Program Introduction Fatherhood and Men’s Health: A Review Parenting and Men’s Health—Examples from the Fathers and Sons Program Clinical and Policy Implications of Father Involvement Clinical Implications and Mental Health Conclusions References Chapter 5 Young Adulthood and Health Disparities in African American Males Introduction Background and Approach Masculinity Physical Health Mental Health Healthcare Discussion Conclusions References Chapter 6 Middle-Aged Men’s Health: Patterns and Causes of Health Inequities During a Pivotal Period in the Life Course Introduction What is Middle Age? The Leading Causes of Death Among Middle-Aged Men How Middle-Aged Men Think About Health Future Directions Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 7 Men’s Health in Later Life: Diverse and Intersecting Contexts Introduction Chronic Disease and Functional Decline Healthcare System Utilization and Navigation Mental Health Social Networks and Social Support Older Men as Caregivers and Recipients of Care Retirement Conclusions and Future Directions References Chapter 8 Measuring the Dimensions of African American Manhood: A Factor Analysis An Intersectional Approach to African American Manhood Conceptualizing and Measuring Masculinity: The Search for Meaning Measuring Masculinities and Related Constructs Among African American Men Purpose of the Study Methods Results Discussion Conclusions and Next Steps Acknowledgments References Part II Environmental, Social, and Policy Determinants of Men’s Health Inequities Chapter 9 Being a Man in the Countryside: How Rural Men Navigate Health and Masculinity Introduction What It Means to be “Rural” Rural Men’s Health Outcomes, Behaviors, and Health Service Utilization How to “Be a Man” in a Rural Area Rural Men’s Health and Masculinity The Health Effects of Monologic Masculinity and How to Harness It The Benefits of Dialogic Masculinity Conclusions and Future Directions References Chapter 10 Urban Men’s Health: How Urban Environments Affect Black Men’s Health Introduction Health and Environment Urban Environments and Human Health and Well-being The Urban Environment as a Context for Examining Black Men’s Health Healthcare Access and Urban Black Men The Lived Experiences of Urban Black Men During the Great Migration Male Health Perspectives, Attitudes, and Behaviors The Contemporary Urban Environment’s Impact on Black Men’s Health Urban Workspaces as Threats to Black Male Health Statuses Urban Residential Communities as Threats to Black Men’s Health Urban Density and Black Men’s Health Urban Violence Individual and Community Interventions on Urban Violence Law Enforcement Surveillance Incarceration The Urban Environment and HIV/AIDS Gender, Race, and Healthcare Access Urban Concentration and Neighborhood Effects Social Capital and Social Network Approaches Social Capital and Social Network Approaches: Comparisons and Critiques Considerations and Strategies for Improved Urban Impact on the Health of Black Men Conclusions References Chapter 11 Incarceration as Determinant of Poor Health Outcomes Introduction Public Health Prison Healthcare Incarceration Effects Looking Through an Intersectional Lens Conclusions References Chapter 12 The Public Health Disparities of Domestic Violence: Including the Perspectives and Health of Ethnic-Minority Men Introduction Current Domestic Violence Research and Practice Trends Strengths and Limitations of Battering Intervention Models Public Health Disparities of Domestic Violence: Ethnic Minority Men’s Health Perspectives Recommendations: Approaches and Implications for Future Research and Practice Cultural Appropriateness of Domestic Violence Interventions for Ethnic Minority Men Conclusions References Chapter 13 Global Men’s Health Policy Introduction: The Invisibility of Men Impetus for Men’s Health Policy Development Approaching NMHP on the Grounds of Health Inequity? Men’s Health Policy and Gender Mainstreaming Approaches to NMHP Development and Key Priorities for Policy Action Strategies for Policy Implementation and Key Milestones Lessons Learned in Transitioning from NMHP Development to Implementation Conclusions Notes References Chapter 14 Health, Public, and Social Policy Introduction The Social Milieu: Countervailing Forces and Collateral Damage Wedge Issues: Opportunities to Advance Equity Biopsychosocial Approaches Conclusions Notes References Chapter 15 What Influences Adolescent Black Male Development and Well-Being?: Implications of the Limits and Opportunities of Social Policy Introduction The Roles of Policy in Structuring Black Male Life: A Historical Review Generational Effects of Limited Social and Economic Mobility Limited Social and Economic Mobility Constrains Black Male Identity Development Culture and Identity Development The Theoretical Intersections of Race, Class, Gender, and Age for Black Males An Approach to Racial and Gender Identity Development Over the Life Course Conclusions: Moving Towards Solutions References Part III Health Behaviors and Health Outcomes Chapter 16 Male Health Behaviors Introduction An Overview of Health Behavioral Science The Gender Health Outcomes Disparity Male Health Behavior in the Literature Future Directions in the Field of Male Health Behaviors References Chapter 17 Considerations in Men’s Mental Health Promotion and Treatment Introduction The Help-Seeking Dilemma—Getting Men Through the Door Destigmatizing Mental Illness Among Men Norming Men’s Help-Seeking Embracing Diversity Clinical Services for Men—What’s Been Done and What We Know Clinician Considerations—The Need for Gender Sensitivity Future Directions—The Next Generation of Men’s Mental Health Services Conclusions References Chapter 18 Depression, Trauma, and Suicide Among Adolescent and Young Adult Males Introduction Prevalence of Suicide Among Adolescents and Young Adults by Age, Gender, and Race/Ethnicity Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks Depression, Trauma, and Suicide Suicide Disparities, Depression, and Trauma for Young Black Males Conclusions References Chapter 19 Men’s Trauma, Depression, and Suicide in Adulthood Introduction Mental Health Disparities Among Men Men’s Disparities in Trauma Trauma Symptoms Types of Trauma Men’s Disparities in Depression Social Determinants of Depression in Men Men’s Disparities in Suicide Suicide Ideation and Attempt Among Men Suicide Among Marginalized Men Conclusions References Chapter 20 Cancer Disparities in Men Introduction Cancer Epidemiology Lung Cancer Colorectal Cancer Bladder Cancer Prostate Cancer Summary References Chapter 21 Diabetes Health Disparities in Men: A Brief Review of the Influence of Gender on the Onset and Progression of Diabetes in Men and Implications for Interventions and Practice Introduction Current State of Research Examining Diabetes Among Men Current State of Research on Diabetes Self-Management Intervention and Men Special Considerations: Men, Depression, and Diabetes Self-Management Conclusions and Implications for Future Research References Part IV Men’s Health Inequities in the United States Chapter 22 The Health of Gay and Bisexual Men: Theoretical Approaches and Policy Implications Introduction GBM Health: A Lifespan Approach Minority Stress and GBM Health Disparities Critical Perspectives Concerning the SMS Model Future Directions Syndemic Production and Health Disparities Among Gay and Bisexual Men Critical Perspectives Concerning the Syndemics Model The Impact of Social and Healthcare Policy on Gay and Bisexual Men Conclusions References Chapter 23 Transgender and Intersex Men Introduction Definitions Trans Intersex History and Scope of Intersex and Trans Medicalization Trans and Intersex Men’s Health Disparities Conclusions Note References Chapter 24 Health Disparities Among Men with Disabilities and Functional Limitations Introduction Perspectives on Disability: Defining Disability Men, Masculinity, and Disability Major Findings on Health Disparities and Men with Disabilities Discussion and Future Directions Note References Chapter 25 Asian American Men’s Health: Applications of the Racial–Cultural Framework Introduction Overview of the Racial-Cultural Framework Future Directions Conclusions References Chapter 26 Understanding Health Inequalities Experienced by Black Men: Fundamental Links Between Racism, Socioeconomic Position, and Social Mobility Introduction Health Disparities That Affect Black Men Drivers of Black Men’s Health Inequalities The Role of Social Context Socioeconomic Position and Black Men’s Health Summary Conclusions Notes References Chapter 27 Understanding Health and Health Disparities in European American Boys and Men Introduction Definitions, Assumptions, and Frameworks of Culturally Specific Health Disparities Methods Key Findings Structural and Cultural Forces Linked to European American Men’s Health Organizations, Interventions, and Programs Addressing White Boys’ and Men’s Health and Health Disparities Future Directions and Conclusions Acknowledgements References Chapter 28 Cultural, Social, and Historical Factors Influencing Latino Men’s Health Introduction Latino or Hispanic? What’s the Difference? Leading Causes of Death Health Disparities Experienced by Latino Men Social, Cultural, and Historical Factors Influencing Latino Men’s Health Conclusions References Chapter 29 Seeking Health and Well-Being for Indigenous North American Men Introduction The Historical Context Traditional Masculinities Among Native American Men Intersectionality Potentially Modifiable Health Behaviors Other Health Risks Increasing Culturally Relevant Health Research to Improve Care Health and Well-Being for Native American Men: An Alternative Paradigm Summary and Conclusions References Chapter 30 Achieving Health Equity for Native Hawaiian Men: Aia I Hea Ka Wai A Kāne Introduction Background Overview of Native Hawaiians and Gender Roles Precontact Overview of Gender Roles and Expectations Postcontact Health Status of Native Hawaiians Leveraging Cultural Assets for Health Promotion Among Native Hawaiian Men Recommendations to Improve the Health and Well-Being of Native Hawaiian Men References Part V Men’s Health Inequities Across the Globe Chapter 31 Understanding Inequities in Men’s Health in Australia: What Do We Know? Introduction Priority Population 1: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Males Priority Population 2: Gay Men Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 32 Which Men? Inequality, Ethnicity, and Gender in Brazil’s National Men’s Health Program Understanding Brazil’s Inequality The Trajectory of a Focus on Men’s Health in Brazil What Currently Ails Men in Brazil Pathway to a National Men’s Health Program The National Men’s Health Program Limitations and Challenges Conclusions Notes References Chapter 33 Picturing Intersectionality in Men’s Suicidality Research: A Photovoice Case Study of Gay and Bisexual Men Introduction Research in Male Suicidality Intersectionality Intersectionality and Men’s Health Research The Still Here Project The Still Here Participants Discussion and Conclusions References Chapter 34 Regional Variation in Determinants of Men’s Health: Comparison of South, Central, and North America Introduction Empirical Data Mechanisms of Health Disparities Theoretical Models Implications and Future Research Conclusions References Part VI Final Thoughts and Future Directions Chapter 35 Life Course Perspective: Implications for Men’s Health Equity Introduction Key Features of Life Course Approach Challenges Using a Life Course Approach Implications for Using a Life Course Approach in Understanding Men’s Health Disparities Conclusions References Afterword by Lisa Bowleg Beyond Just Documenting Disparities and Inequities Engaging Physicians and Other Healthcare Providers Concluding Thoughts References Conclusion by Derek M. Griffith, Marino A. Bruce, and Roland J. Thorpe, Jr. Acknowledgment References Index