Biomolecules and Corrosion

Description

Corrosion causes great losses to the economy every year. Microbial-influenced corrosion (MIC) is important for maritime, chemical engineering, and bioprocess engineering industries. Presently no environmentally friendly technology has been available to minimize the economic loss of biocorrosion. Currently available anti-biocorrosion technology depends heavily on chemical methods to regulate biofilm formation which has a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, it is essential to know the fundamentals of the roles of biomolecules within the whole process to develop detailed research capabilities and potential control and management strategies. This book targets the roles of EPS, proteins, lipids, DNA, and different metabolites currently known to be involved in the corrosion processes. The potential roles of EPS, proteins, lipids and enzymes are still poorly understood. There are still collective issues that need to be addressed, including the importance of the microbial role in MIC. More specifically, there exists a need to understand the impact of enzyme activities inside the biofilm matrix on the dynamics of corrosion reactions. Also, there is the involvement of metals or organometallic complexes in electron transfer and from chemically and morphologically diverse metallic surface films to ultimate electron acceptors. Contents Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1 Corrosion: An Overview Abstract Introduction Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) Mechanisms Cathodic Depolarization by Hydrogenase Iron Sulphides (King’s Mechanism) Volatile Compound of Phosphorous Anodic Depolarization Fe-Binding Exopolymers Sulphide and Hydrogen-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) Role of Sulphides Three Stages Mechanism (Romero Mechanism) Biocatalytic Cathodic Sulphate Reduction (BCSR) Economical Loss from Corrosion Chapter 2 The Role of Biofilm in Corrosion Abstract Introduction Biofilm in Industries and Their Significance Places Where Biofilm Forms Organisms Involved in Biofilm Formation Mechanisms of Biofilm Formation Economical Loss Due to Biofilm Formation Chapter 3 Microbial Diversity and Their Importance Abstract Introduction Microbial Diversity Microorganisms Involved in the Corrosion Process Iron-Oxidizing Bacteria Iron-Reducing Bacteria Manganese-Oxidizing Bacteria Manganese-Reducing Bacteria Sulphur-Reducing or Oxidizing Bacteria Chapter 4 Techniques to Determine the Microbial Diversity Abstract Introduction Morphological Characterization of Bacteria Biochemical Characterization Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Analysis Molecular Methods to Determine Microbial Diversity Molecular-Based Approach for Analyzing Microbial Diversity Amplified Ribosomal Restriction DNA Analysis (ARDRA) Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) REP-PCR (BOX Element) Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (RISA)/ Automated Intergenic Spacer Analysis (ARISA) Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphisms (SSCP) PCR-Independent Approaches DNA-Reassociation Kinetics and DNA: DNA Hybridization DNA Microarrays Reverse Sample Genome Probing (RSGP) Phylogenetic Analysis and 16S rDNA Gene Sequencing Next‐Generation Sequencing Using the Flow Cytometry Method to Determine Microbial Diversity Using the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI)-Based Method to Determine Microbial Diversity Chapter 5 Extracellular Polymeric Substances and Corrosion Abstract Introduction EPS: An Overview Source of EPS EPS in the Corrosion Process Techniques to Determine EPS Chapter 6 Proteins in Corrosion Abstract Introduction Proteins: An Overview Enzymes: An Overview Role of Proteins and Enzymes in the Corrosion Process Techniques to Determine Enzymes in Corrosion Enzyme-Influenced Oxygen Reduction Pivotal Role of Hydrogen Peroxide Enzymes Producing H2O2: Oxidases Microbial-Induced Deposition of Mn Oxides Chapter 7 Role of Lipids in Corrosion Abstract Introduction Lipids: An Overview Role of Lipids in Corrosion Process Sample Preparation Separation and Analysis by Chromatography Lipid Fractions by TLC Fatty Acid Methyl Esters by GC Chemical Techniques Chapter 8 DNA or eDNA (Environmental DNA) in Corrosion Process Abstract Introduction DNA or eDNA eDNA: A Source For Detection of New Species eDNA in the Corrosion Process Chapter 9 Technique to Identify Biomolecules or Biofilm in Corrosion Abstract Introduction Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) Determination of Dry Weight and Total Carbohydrate Levels Analysis of Metal Ion Leaching and Accumulation by Biofilm Microscopic Analysis of Biofilm SEM and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Analysis Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Analysis Weight Loss of Carbon Steel (Corrosion Rates) Identification of Biofilm Bacteria Chapter 10 Omics Approach in Biocorrosion Abstract Omics Approach Metabolomics: An Approach Metabolic Fingerprinting Metabolomics in Biocorrosion Analysis of Metabolic Foot Printing References Index About the Authors Blank Page