Photodynamic Therapy (PDT).

Description

Preface Chapter 1 Photodynamic Therapies: Basic Mechanism, Applications and Functional Nanomaterial-Based Drug Delivery System for Cancer Abstract 1. Introduction 1.1. History 1.2. Basis of PDT Therapy 1.2.1. Mechanisms of PDT Action 1.2.2. Biological Response 1.2.2.1. Apoptosis and Necrosis 1.2.2.2. Vascular Mechanisms 1.2.2.3. Immunological Mechanism 1.2.3. Photosensitizers 1.2.3.1. Porphyrin Photosensitizers 1.2.3.2. Nor-Porphyrin Photosensitizers 1.3. Advantages and Disadvantages of PDT 2. Applications of Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer. 3. Functional Nanomaterials-Based Drug Delivery System3.1. Organic Nanomaterials for PDT 3.1.1. Liposome 3.1.2. Polymeric Nanomaterials 3.1.3. Carbon Nanomaterials 3.2. Inorganic Nanomaterials 3.2.1. Gold Nanoparticles 3.2.2. Silica Nanoparticles 3.2.3. Quantum Dots (QDs) 3.2.4. Upconversion Nanoparticles (UCNPs) Conclusion and Perspectives References Biographical Sketch Chapter 2 Carbon Based Nanomaterials as Agents for Photodynamic Therapy Abstract Introduction Electronic Structure of Ground and Excited States of Oxygen Molecule ROS Production: Type I and Type II. Photosensitizers: Structure, Properties and DrawbacksFullerenes and Their Derivatives in PDT Carbon Nanotubes and Derivatives for PDT Properties of CNTs Carbon Nanotube as a PS Agent Carbon Nanotubes as a Carrier of PDT Agent Graphene Quantum Dots for PDT Bare and Doped GQDs in PDT GQDs in Conjunction with Other Compounds for PDT Other Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for PDT Conclusion Acknowledgments References Chapter 3 Chemi- and Bioluminescence in Self-Illuminating Photodynamic Therapy Abstract 1. Introduction 2. General Mechanism of Chemi- and Bioluminescence. 3. Mechanisms of the Systems Already Studied for Photodynamic Therapy3.1. Luminol Reaction 3.2. Firefly Luciferin Reaction 3.3. Coelenterazine Reaction 4. Application of Chemi- and Bioluminescence to Photodynamic Therapy 4.1. Firefly Luciferin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy 4.2. Coelenterazine-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy 4.3. Luminol-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy 5. Pitfalls of Chemi-/Bioluminescence-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy 6. Other Strategies for Deep Photodynamic Therapy Conclusion Acknowledgments References Chapter 4. The Synthesis and Characterization of Novel 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis (Benzo[B]Thiophene) Porphyrin and 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis (7-Sulfonatobenzo[B]Thiophene) Porphyrin as Photodynamic Therapy Agents against Human Breast Cancer CellsAbstract Introduction Mechanism of PDT Action Properties of Photosensitizers Synthesis of Photosensitizers Synthesis of 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis-(benzo[b]thiophene) Porphyrin (BTP) Synthesis of 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(7-sulfonatobenzo[b]-thiophene) Porphyrin (SBTP) Photophysical Properties of BTP and SBTP Liposome Formation of BTP Characterization of Liposome-BTP.