Prime Ayurvedic Plant Drugs

Description

This handbook covers the medicinal and chemical properties of Ayurvedic medicines, the plants that produce them and the currently known organic compounds that occur therein. It provides therapeutic attributes of each plant as well as indicates its potential for use as modern herbal or molecular drug. It combines the works of Ayurvedic folk medicine with modern pharmacology, botany, and chemistry in a singularly effective way. It also provides a useful standardization of classical Ayurvedic formulations. Consisting of numerous photographs of medicinal plants, this handbook will serve as an excellent reference work for chemists, botanists, pharmacists, and medical professionals. Foreword to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition Explanatory Notes Abbreviations Language Technical Literature References BOOKS (Classical Ayurvedic Texts) BOOKS and REPORTS Contents Section-I GENERAL INTRODUCTION GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1. Ayurveda 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Concepts Tridosha Drug Action 1.3 Diseases Gulma (Gaseous lumps in the abdomen) Hrdroga (Heart diseases) Jvara (Fever) Krimi (Parasites) Kustha (Skin diseases including leprosy) Medoroga (Lipid disorders) Meha/Prameha (Obstinate urinary disorders) Rakta pitta (Haemorrhagic disorders) Visarpa (Cellulitis) 1.4 Medicinal Plants Classification of Medicinal Plants 2. Modern Evaluation of Ayurvedic Plant Drugs 2.1 Curative Plant Drugs Psoralea corylifolia Linn. (Baakuchi) Rauvolfia serpentina Benth. ex Kurz (Sarpagandhaa) Cedrus Deodara (Roxb. ex Lamb.) G. Don (Devadaaru) Commiphora wightii (Arnott.) Bhandari (Guggulu) 2.2 Health Supporting Plant Drugs Antiageing (Vayahsthaapana) Drugs Ageing Oxidative Stress and Ageing Asparagus racemosus Willd. (Shataavari) Boerhavia diffusa Linn. (Punarnavaa) Centella asiatica (Linn.) Urban. (Mandookaparni) Clitoria ternatea Linn. (Apraajitaa) Desmodium gangeticum (Linn.) DC. (Shaalparni) Emblica officinalis Gaertn. (Aamalaki) Leptadenia reticulata (Retz.) Wt. and Arn. (Jeevanti) Pluchea lanceolata (DC.) Clarke (Raasnaa) Terminalia chebula Retz. (Haritaki) Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hook. f. and Thoms. (Guduchi) Conclusion 3. Ethnotherapeutics and Modern Drug Development 3.1 Molecular Drugs Higher Plant Drugs and the Role of Ethnotherapeutics Role of Ethnotherapeutics 3.2 Phytopharmaceuticals Herbs with Several Actives Curcuma longa Linn. Curcuma zeodory (Berg.) Rosc. Glycyrrhiza glabra Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. f. & Thoms. Zingiber officinale Rosc. Herbs with Synergistic Interactions of Constituents Artemisia annua Linn. Berberis spp. Cassia angustifolia Vahl. Commiphora wightii (Arnott.) Bhandari Curcuma longa Linn. Herbal-Herbal Interactions and Adjuvant Therapy Bioavailability Enhancers Disabling Infection/Disease Resistance Fortifying Immune Defence Comments References Section-II Monographs 1 Abies spectabilis (D. Don) Spach Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses New Findings Toxicity References 2 Acacia catechu Willd. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 3 Achyranthes aspera Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 4 Acorus calamus Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses New Findings Toxicity References 5 Adhatoda zeylanica Medik. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation References 6 Aegle marmelos (Linn.) Corr. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 7 Aloe vera (Linn.) Burm. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 8 Alpinia galanga Willd. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 9 Alstonia scholaris (Linn.) r . Br. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 10 Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 11 Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.) Bojer. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation Toxicity References 12 Asparagus adscendens Roxb. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 13 Asparagus racemosus Willd. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 14 Azadirachta indica A . Juss. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 15 Bacopa monnieri (Linn.) Pennell Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 16 Barleria prionitis Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 17 Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity Referenes 18 Berberis aristata DC. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 19 Bergenia ciliata Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 20 Boerhavia diffusa Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 21 Bombax ceiba Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 22 Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 23 Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 24 Caesalpinia bonduc Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 25 Calotropis procera (Ait.) R . Br. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 26 Cannabis sativa Linn. Plant Chemical Constituent Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 27 Carum carvi Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 28 Cassia absus Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 29 Cassia angustifolia Vahl. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 30 Cassia fistula Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 31 Cassia tora Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 32 Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex Lamb.) g . Don Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 33 Celastrus paniculatus Willd. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 34 Centella asiatica (Linn.) Urban Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 35 Cissus quadrangularis Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 36 Clitoria ternatea Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses New Findings Toxicity References 37 Coccinia grandis (Linn.) Voigt. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 38 Commiphora wightii (Arnott.) Bhandari Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 39 Convolvulus microphyllus Sieb. ex Spreng. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 40 Costus speciosus (Koen.) Sims. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 41 Crataeva nurvala Buch.-Ham. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 42 Crocus sativus Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 43 Cuminum cyminum Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 44 Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 45 Curcuma longa Linn. Plant Chemical constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 46 Curcuma zedoaria (Berg.) Rosc. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 47 Cyperus rotundus Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses New Findings Toxicity References 48 Desmodium gangeticum (Linn.) DC. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 49 Eclipta alba (Linn.) Hassk. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 50 Embelia ribes Burm. f. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 51 Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 52 Eugenia jambolana Lam. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 53 Ficus bengalensis Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 54 Fumaria indica Pugsley Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 55 Garcinia morella Desr. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 56 Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 57 Gymnema sylvestre r . Br. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 58 Hedychium spicatum Ham. ex Smith Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 59 Hemidesmus indicus r . Br. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 60 Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 61 Hygrophila auriculata (K. Schum.) Hiene Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 62 Inula racemosa Hook. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 63 Lawsonia inermis Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 64 Leptadenia reticulata (Retz.) Wt. and Arn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 65 Leucas aspera Spreng. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 66 Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Robins. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 67 Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell.-Arg. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 68 Mangifera indica Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 69 Momordica charantia Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 70 Moringa oleifera Lam. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses New Findings Toxicity References 71 Mucuna pruriens (Linn.) DC. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 72 Nardostachys jatamansi DC. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 73 Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 74 Nigella sativa Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 75 Ocimum sanctum Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 76 Phyllanthus fraternus Webster Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 77 Picrorhiza kurroa royle ex Benth. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 78 Piper longum Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 79 Pluchea lanceolata (DC.) Clarke Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 80 Plumbago zeylanica Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 81 Psoralea corylifolia Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 82 Pterocarpus marsupium Robx. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 83 Pueraria tuberosa DC. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 84 Punica granatum Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 85 Rauvolfia serpentina Benth. ex Kurz Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 86 Rubia cordifolia Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 87 Salacia prinoides DC. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation Toxicity References 88 Santalum album Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 89 Saussurea lappa Clarke Plant Chemical Constituents Estimation Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 90 Semecarpus anacardium Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 91 Sida cordifolia Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 92 Swertia chirayita (Roxb. ex Flem.) Karst. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 93 Terminalia arjuna Wight. and Arn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 94 Terminalia bellirica Roxb. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 95 Terminalia chebula Retz. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 96 Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. f. & Thoms. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 97 Tribulus terrestris Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 98 Trigonella foenum-gracecum Linn. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 99 Valeriana jatamansi Jones Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 100 Vitex negundo Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 101 Withania somnifera Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 102 Zingiber officinale Rosc. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References 103 Zingiber zerumbet Rosc. Plant Chemical Constituents Therapeutic Uses Modern Scientific Validation New Findings Toxicity References Section-III Annexures Annexure 1: Glossary of Botanical Terms Annexure 2: Glossary of Medical and Biochemical Terms Annexure 3: Activity-wise Plant Listing Annexure 4: Plant-wise Activities Index 1: Botanical Names Index 2: Ayurvedic Plant Names