Ammianus' Julian: Narrative and Genre in the Res Gestae

Description

Ammianus Marcellinus' Res Gestae holds a prominent position in modern studies of the emperor Julian as the fullest extant narrative of the reign of the last "pagan" emperor. Ammianus' Julian: Narrative and Genre in the Res Gestae offers a major reinterpretation of the work, which is one of the main narrative sources for the political history of the later Roman Empire, and argues for a re-examination of Ammianus' agenda and methods in narrating the reign of Julian. Building on recent developments in the application of literary approaches and critical theories to historical texts, Ammianus' presentation of Julian is evaluated by considering the Res Gestae within three interrelated contexts: as a work of Latin historiography, which consciously sets itself within a classical and classicizing generic tradition; in a more immediate literary and political context, as the final contribution by a member of an "eyewitness" generation to a quarter century of intense debate over Julian's legacy by several authors who had lived through his reign and had been in varying degrees of proximity to Julian himself; and as a narrative text, in which narratorial authority is closely associated with the persona of the narrator, both as an external narrating agent and an occasional participant in the events he relates. This is complemented by a literary survey and a re-analysis of Ammianus' depiction of several key moments in Julian's reign, such as his appointment as Caesar, the battle of Strasbourg in 357 AD, his acclamation as Augustus, and the disastrous invasion of Persia in 363 AD. It suggests that the Res Gestae presents a Latin-speaking, western audience with an idiosyncratic and "Romanized" depiction of the philhellene emperor and that, consciously exploiting his position as a Greek writing in Latin and as a contemporary of Julian, Ammianus wished his work to be considered a culminating and definitive account of the man and his life. Cover Ammianus’ Julian: Narrative and Genre in the Res Gestae Copyright Preface Acknowledgements Contents List of Abbreviations 1: In Search of a Latin Julian 1.1 DISCOURSE ON JULIAN BEFORE AMMIANUS 1.2 NARRATOLOGY AND HISTORIOGRAPHY 1.3 INTERTEXTUALITY AND HISTORIOGRAPHY 1.3.1 Miseranda civitas: Constantius and the Aftermath of Amida 1.4 OVERVIEW 2: The Narrator and the Participant: Gallus and Silvanus in Preparation for Julian 2.1 STRUCTURE, SELECTION OF MATERIAL, AND INTERPRETATION 2.2 GALLUS—A FAMILIAR TYRANT 2.3 GALLUS’ DOWNFALL AND SYMPATHY 2.4 INTERNAL NARRATION—THE PARTICIPANT AS GUIDE 2.5 PLOTTING AGAINST SILVANUS—THE OMNISCIENT NARRATOR 2.6 THE PARTICIPANT, URSICINUS, AND THE TRADITION 3: Julian’s Elevation: Tradition and Innovation in Speech and Narrative 3.1 IMPERIAL ELEVATIONS IN LATE ANTIQUITY AND AMMIANUS’ SPEECH SCENES 3.2 A FAILED ADOPTION 3.2.1 Failed Adoptions in Sallust (Iug. 9–10) and Tacitus (Hist. 1.12–17) 3.2.2 Julian’s Adoption—Setting 3.2.3 Reasons for Julian’s Adoption—Speech vs. Narrative 3.2.4 The Role of the Adoptee and the Response of the Audience 3.3 LEGITIMIZING JULIAN 4: Strasbourg: Legitimizing Julian 4.1 BETWEEN CONTEMPORARY SOURCES AND CLASSICAL TRADITION 4.2 MILITARY NARRATIVE IN PANEGYRIC AND HISTORIOGRAPHY 4.3 PREPARATIONS FOR BATTLE—COMPETING INTERPRETATIONS 4.4 BATTLE NARRATIVE 4.5 CONCLUSIONS: LEGITIMIZING JULIAN AND PREPARING FOR THE ACCLAMATION 4.5.1 Narrative, Metaphysics, and Preparing for Persia 5: Narrating Failure: Julian and Ammianus in Persia 5.1 PERSIA AND THE TRADITION OF PARTICIPATION 5.2 AMMIANUS’ FIRST-PERSON IN PERSIA 5.3 BETWEEN PRAISE AND BLAME—THE EPIDEICTIC TRADITION 5.4 OMENS 5.5 JULIAN AS HISTORIAN—THE INTERPRETATION OF EXEMPLA 5.6 COMPLETING THE ROMANIZATION OF JULIAN Epilogue APPENDIX: The Res Gestae’s Discourse on Greek Bibliography Editions, commentaries, and translations of Ammianus Marcellinus Other works Index Locorum Index of Subjects