Juvenile delinquency

Description

Juvenile Delinquency is a timely and comprehensive introduction to crime, justice, and young people, with an emphasis on theory and practice. The third edition retains the overall structure of the second edition and features updates throughout, including new information on gangs and prevention, the impact of race and gender on crime and justice, additional comparative and international examples, and more. The book opens with an overview of delinquency; historical and contemporary discussions of juvenile justice; theories of delinquency; institutional contexts of delinquency, such as school and the family; and chapters on topics such as drug use, youth gangs, female delinquency, police, courts, and corrections. Many chapters discuss treatment programs as well as delinquency and illustrate theory put into practice. Most issues are examined through the lenses of race, class, and gender. Juvenile Delinquency covers the essentials of the topic with a price point far below most competitors. To enhance student learning, a complimentary instructor's manual and test bank are available. Please see the "Features" page for additional information. Preface to the Third Edition......Page 12 About the Author......Page 16 1 Introduction......Page 17 Definition of Juvenile Delinquency......Page 19 Brief History of Delinquency......Page 21 Juvenile Delinquency Law in Illinois......Page 22 Study Questions......Page 23 2 The History of Juvenile Justice in America......Page 24 Nineteenth-Century Reform Efforts and Practices......Page 26 Long-Term Juvenile Institutions......Page 28 Late Nineteenth-Century Developments......Page 30 The First Delinquency Law and the Establishment of the Juvenile Court......Page 32 Early Twentieth-Century Developments......Page 34 Study Questions......Page 35 3 The Measurement of Delinquency......Page 37 Arrest Data......Page 39 Race......Page 40 Age......Page 41 National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)......Page 43 Juvenile Court Data......Page 44 Conclusions of Self-Report Studies......Page 46 Cohort Studies......Page 50 Victimization Studies......Page 52 A Note on Hate Crimes......Page 54 Other Methods......Page 55 Study Questions......Page 56 4 The Classical School, Rational Choice, and Individualistic Explanations of Delinquency......Page 57 The Classical School......Page 58 Rational Choice Theory and Delinquency......Page 60 Lombroso and the Positive School......Page 61 Inheritance and Delinquency......Page 62 Somatotypes and Delinquency......Page 63 Somatotype Studies Continued......Page 64 Learning Disabilities......Page 65 Conditionability (ANS) and Delinquency......Page 66 The Psychoanalytic View......Page 68 Personality Factors......Page 69 The Psychopathic Personality......Page 70 Summary......Page 73 Study Questions......Page 74 5 Social Development and Delinquency......Page 75 Kohlberg’s Moral Development Model......Page 76 Social Development Model......Page 77 Moffitt’s Research......Page 78 A General Theory of Crime: Another View of Persistent Criminality......Page 79 Sampson and Laub and Turning Points in Criminal Careers......Page 80 Study Questions......Page 84 6 Social Process Theories......Page 85 Differential Association Theory......Page 87 Discussion of the Theory......Page 88 A Note on Exposure to Media Violence and Delinquency......Page 89 Drift Theory......Page 92 Internal Controls......Page 94 Social Control Theory: The Social Bond......Page 96 Religion and Delinquency......Page 97 A Note on General Strain Theory......Page 99 Study Questions......Page 100 7 The Family and Delinquency......Page 101 “Broken Homes” and Delinquency......Page 103 Family Relationships and Delinquency......Page 105 The “Inheritance” of Delinquency......Page 107 Corporal Punishment and Delinquency......Page 109 Child Abuse and Delinquency......Page 110 Study Questions......Page 113 8 Schools and Delinquency......Page 115 The School as a Source of Motivation for Delinquency......Page 116 School Dropout and Delinquency......Page 120 School Safety......Page 122 Effects of School Shootings and Violence and Prevention Efforts......Page 126 Delinquency Prevention through Early Childhood Education......Page 129 Legal Rights of Students at School......Page 131 Study Questions......Page 133 9 Drug Use among Youth......Page 134 Extent and Patterns of Juvenile Drug Use......Page 135 Social......Page 137 Social-Psychological Factors......Page 139 Personality Factors......Page 140 Drug Use and Delinquency......Page 142 Drug Courts......Page 143 D.A.R.E. (Drug Abuse Resistance Education)......Page 146 Study Questions......Page 148 10 Juvenile Gangs......Page 149 Thrasher’s Study of Gangs in Chicago......Page 151 Yablonsky’s Study of Violent Gangs in New York City......Page 152 Klein’s National Survey of Gangs in the 1990s......Page 154 Summary of Gang Studies......Page 156 MS-13: A “New” Gang Problem?......Page 158 Graffiti and Hand Gestures......Page 160 Another Look at Female Gangs......Page 162 Structural Factors......Page 164 Psychological and Personal Reasons for Joining a Gang......Page 168 Why Do Gang Members Leave the Gang?......Page 170 Gang Suppression......Page 172 Community-Based Prevention Programs......Page 173 School-Based Gang Prevention......Page 174 Comprehensive Gang-Prevention Efforts......Page 175 Study Questions......Page 177 11 Female Delinquency......Page 178 Who Are Female Delinquents?......Page 179 Girls and Status Offenses......Page 180 Biological Explanations......Page 182 Social Role Theory......Page 183 Liberation Theory......Page 184 Power Control Theory......Page 185 Feminist Perspectives......Page 187 Additional Considerations......Page 188 Study Questions......Page 190 12 Labeling and Conflict Theories......Page 191 Discussion of the Theory......Page 192 Labeling and Self-Concept......Page 193 Labeling and Behavior......Page 194 Connections with Juvenile Justice......Page 196 Conflict Theories......Page 197 Study Questions......Page 199 13 The Contemporary Juvenile Justice System......Page 200 An Overview of the Modern Juvenile Justice System......Page 201 The Processing of Cases through the System......Page 204 Transferring Cases from Juvenile Court Jurisdiction to Adult Court Jurisdiction......Page 206 Legal Guidelines for Waiver Decisions......Page 208 Confinement Consequences of Transfers......Page 209 Blended Sentences......Page 211 Restorative Justice......Page 212 Summary......Page 213 Study Questions......Page 214 14 Police and Courts......Page 215 Processing Cases......Page 216 The Court System......Page 218 The Police......Page 220 Racial and Ethnic Profiling......Page 221 Situational or Interpersonal Factors......Page 223 The Courts......Page 224 Other Considerations......Page 225 Summary......Page 226 Supreme Court Cases Affecting the Rights of Juveniles Processed by the Police and Courts......Page 228 Diversion......Page 231 Youth Courts......Page 232 Study Questions......Page 234 15 Juvenile Institutions and the Treatment and Prevention of Delinquency......Page 236 Detention Centers or Homes......Page 237 Correctional Facilities......Page 238 Structural Organization......Page 241 Effectiveness of Correctional Institutions......Page 242 Treatment Programs within Institutions......Page 246 Delinquency-Prevention Programs......Page 250 A Note on Treatment and Prevention-Program Evaluation......Page 256 Study Questions......Page 260 References......Page 262 Index......Page 287