Building on Smart Cities Skills and Competences: Human factors affecting smart cities development (Internet of Things)

Description

This book provides insights on skills required to achieve success in smart cities from a variety of industry and human factors perspectives. It emphasizes the balance between learning skills, technical skills, and domain-specific skills in these industries, with special emphasis given to innovative software development models. The authors note that digital transformation requires complementary measures that are not overtly aimed to support infrastructure investment but are instead directed at promoting entrepreneurship, improving digital skills, engaging citizens, applying new transformation strategies, and developing innovative software. All of the above are considered strategically important, especially for medium-sized cities since that enable them to be more competitive in the global economy. Preface Acknowledgments Contents Part I Skills and Competences for Smart Cities' Development Emerging Smart City Job Roles and Skills for Smart UrbanGovernance 1 Introduction 2 Smart Cities: Context and Perspectives 3 Skills Demand in Smart Cities 4 Methodology 5 Results 5.1 Emerging Smart City Job Roles 5.2 Smart City Skills 5.3 Mapping Skills to Job Roles 6 Discussion and Limitations 7 Conclusions References The Co-Evolution of the Digital Transition and Appropriate Skills at City Level 1 Introduction 2 The Notion Smart City and Its Evolution 3 Smart City Features 3.1 Actors and Interactions 3.2 The Components of Smart Cities 3.3 Benchmarking Smart Cities 4 Skills for Smart Cities 4.1 Type of Skills Needed: Proficient Employees for Smart Cities 4.2 The Stakeholders Involved 4.3 Understanding and Obtaining Skills 5 Concluding Remarks References Preparing for Smart Cities' Future Competences: Trends Arising Through Keyword and Review Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Related Work on Competences 3 Research Method 3.1 Data Source and Search Strategy 3.1.1 Data Source 3.1.2 Procedure for Searching, Identifying, and Selecting Articles 3.1.3 Search Summary 3.1.4 Data Extraction 4 Data Analysis Presentation and Discussion 4.1 Keyword Clustering and Classification 4.2 Most Reviewed Domains 5 Conclusions and Future Work References Building Smart City Knowledge and Competences Using Problem-Based Learning in a Blended Learning Environment 1 Introduction 2 Problem-Based Learning as a Concept for Teaching the Contents of Smart Cities and Required Competences 3 Required Design Requirements 4 Design Process of the Education Concept 5 Design of a Virtual Problem-Based Education Concept for Smart Cities 5.1 Module Structure and Examination 5.2 Context of the Problem Situations 6 Evaluation and Next Steps 7 Transferability of the Approach and Outlook References Part II Strategy and Projects The Dynamic Formation of a Successful Smart City Roadmap 1 Introduction 1.1 Challenges in the Smart Environment 1.2 The Role of Smart Specialization in Smart City Strategies in Greece 1.3 Scope and Purpose of the Chapter 2 Theoretical Developments of the Research Model 2.1 Developing Smart Urban Ecosystems 2.2 The Role of Smart Specialization in Smart City Strategies 2.3 The Urban Environment as a System of Systems 2.4 Stages of Developing a Strategic Map 2.5 Smart City Strategies in Greece 2.6 Research Model 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Data Specifications 3.2 Research Method 4 Model Evaluation 4.1 Measurement Model Verification 4.2 Structural Model Verification 5 Results 5.1 Strategy Shaping Factors and Maturity 5.2 Planning and Implementing a Digital Strategy 5.3 The Roadmap to a Smart City 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion References Sustainable Digital Transformation of Urban Landscape Through Disruptive Technologies and Standards 1 Introduction 2 Urban Landscape 3 Disruptive Technologies Landscape 4 Standards Landscape 4.1 Categorizing Standardization Activities 5 Digital Transformation 6 Imperatives 6.1 Citizens' Needs 6.2 Dealing with Change 6.3 Covid-19 Pandemic 6.4 Digital Transformation of Smart Cities 7 Concerns and Challenges 8 A Systemic Approach 9 Functional Architecture 9.1 The Paradigm Shift: From Siloed to Unified: From Vertical to Horizontal 9.2 Unified ICT Architecture Abstraction: Moving from Hourglass Architecture to Classic Saucer Champagne Glass Architecture (Figs. 5 and 6) 9.3 Classic Saucer Champagne Glass Architecture Model 10 An Eco-Centric Approach to Sustainability 10.1 The Future: A Circular Vision for Smart Cities 10.2 Circular Cities: Reimagining Urban Centers 10.3 Circular City Strategies 10.4 A Crucial Imperative 11 Capacity Building, Skills, and Competencies 11.1 Design Paradigm 11.2 90–90 Formulae in Design 11.3 Core Characteristics of Design 11.4 Design Thinking 11.5 Systems Thinking 11.6 System Design 11.7 Systems Engineering 11.8 System 11.9 Systems Approach 11.10 Sustainable Engineering 12 Digital Pedagogy 12.1 Envisioning Digital Pedagogy 12.2 Taking the Digital Pedagogy to the Next Level to Help Us Respond to the Biggest Unsolved Issues in Education and Skilling 12.2.1 Tackling Achievement Gaps 13 Conclusion References Smart Cities: Emerging Risks and Mitigation Strategies 1 Introduction 2 The Smart System as a Multisystem Construct 3 Methodology 3.1 Systematic Literature Review 3.2 Selecting Articles 3.3 Risk Clustering 4 Existing and Emerging Risks in the Development and Operation of Smart Cities 5 Risk Management Skills and Mitigation Strategies for Safe Smart Cities 5.1 Risk Management Skills 5.2 Risk Mitigation Strategies 6 Conclusions References City Resilience and Smartness: Interrelation and Reciprocity 1 Introduction 2 Defining the City 3 Measuring Performance 4 City Management 5 Setting Strategy 6 Conclusions References Smart City Projects Evaluation: A Bibliometric Approach 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Citizen's Satisfaction in Smart Cities 2.2 Ranking Systems for Smart City Evaluation 3 Methodology 4 Results 5 Discussion 6 Conclusions References Modeling Project Management Complexity in Smart Cities' Projects 1 Introduction 2 Background Literature 2.1 Project Complexity 2.2 Smart Cities 3 Research Methodology 4 Smart Cities' Project Complexity Framework 4.1 Smart Cities' Project Challenges 4.2 Project Management Complexity Model 4.3 Modeling Smart City Project Complexity 4.4 Proposed Complexity Assessment Framework 5 Conclusions and Implications for Future Research References Part III Citizen Engagement Learning to Engage Citizens to Make Smarter Cities 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Results 5 Civic Engagement in Greek Smart Cities: The Case of the Thessaloniki Metropolitan Area, Greece 6 Conclusions References Developing Smart City Ambassadors in Oman 1 Introduction 2 Smart City Skills and Learning 2.1 The Skills Needed 2.1.1 Technology Skills 2.1.2 Data Skills 2.1.3 Community Skills 2.2 How to Develop Skills 3 Background and Research Questions 4 Theoretical Framing and Methods 5 Results: Program Operation 5.1 Structure and Activities 5.2 The Role of the Ambassadors 5.3 Developments since COVID-19 5.4 Key Success Factors 6 Result: Skills Development 6.1 The Ambassador Database 6.2 Knowledge Sharing 6.3 Empowering the Ambassadors 6.4 Developing an Ecosystem 6.5 Impact on Digital Transformation 7 Replication and Scalability 8 Limitations and Future Research 9 Conclusion and Recommendations References At the Root of the Smart Cities: Smart Learning Ecosystems to Train Smart Citizens 1 Which Smart City? 2 The Smart Citizens' Space of Competencies 3 Interdependencies and Technology-Induced Modifications 4 At the Origin of the Smart Citizens: Smart Learning Ecosystems 5 Final Thoughts and “Healthy” Pessimism References Toward E-Deliberation 2.0 1 Introduction 1.1 What Is and What Is Not E-Deliberation 2 E-Deliberation Systems 2.1 System Categories 2.1.1 Online Forums 2.1.2 Deliberative Poll 2.1.3 Votes 2.1.4 Discussion 2.1.5 Questionnaires (E-Surveys) 2.1.6 E-Petitions 2.2 Main E-Deliberation Systems 2.2.1 E-Dialogos 2.2.2 CrowdLaw 2.2.3 Cornell E-Rulemaking Initiative 2.2.4 MiSenado 2.2.5 ParlementetCitoyens 2.2.6 E-Democracia 2.2.7 LiquidFeedback 2.2.8 DebateHub 2.2.9 OnlineConsultationPlatform (GR0059) 2.2.10 Decidim 3 “Smart Cities” Need E-Deliberation and E-Deliberation Needs “Smart Citizens” 3.1 “Smart Citizens” 3.2 Models of Participatory Democracy 3.3 Benefits of E-Participation in Smart Cities 4 PODS: A Generic Approach for E-Deliberation in Smart Cities 5 Conclusion References No-Code for Smart Cities 1 Introduction 2 The Citizens 3 No-Code 3.1 City API 3.2 Security and DevOps 4 Applications 4.1 Public Records Database 4.2 Electronic Governments 4.3 Managing Public Transportation 4.4 Shopping and Services 5 Smart Assistants 6 Summary References Part IV Smart Cities Innovative Technologies A Big Data Analytics Conceptual Framework for a Smart City: A Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Urban Problems and Smart Cities 3 Our Methodology 3.1 The Project Understanding 3.2 The Data Understanding 3.3 The Data Collection 3.4 The Data Storage 3.5 The Data Preparation 3.6 The Modeling 3.7 The Evaluation 3.8 The Deployment 4 The City of Patras and Our Goal 5 The Developed Applications in the Municipality of Patras 5.1 The Sense.City Application 5.2 The Municipal Lighting Management Application 5.3 The Computerized Maintenance Management System Application 5.4 The Geographic Information System Application 5.5 The Vehicle Fleet and Fuel Ring Monitoring Application 6 Interoperability: Needs and Benefits 7 User Access Levels 8 Conclusions References RES-Q: Toward Semantic Interoperability for Risk and Disaster Management in Smart Cities 1 Introduction 2 Motivations and Related Work 2.1 RES-Q Living Lab 2.2 Motivations 2.3 Related Work 3 Methodology 4 RES-Q Semantic Model 5 Data Harmonization and Consolidation Methodology 6 Conclusions References Blockchain for Smart Cities: Findings from a Systematic Literature Review 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results 3.1 Why Was Blockchain Chosen as the Solution? 3.2 What Blockchain-Based Applications Are Being Researched for Smart Cities? 4 Discussion and Conclusions References Artificial Intelligence, Big Data Analytics, and Smart Cities 1 Introduction 2 Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Analytics 3 Two Approaches in AI and Data Analysis 3.1 Symbolic AI and Formal Methods for Smart Cities 3.2 Machine Learning 4 Conclusions References Index