Pediatric Cardiology: Symptoms - Diagnosis - Treatment

Description

Enriched with the extensive experience of leading experts in this constantly evolving field, Pediatric Cardiology is a comprehensive reference that helps cardiologists stay up-to-date on important developments in the specialty. It includes basic principles, diagnostic strategies for specific diseases, and the newest interventional catheterization techniques, giving readers the tools to successfully manage all types of pediatric heart disease. Key Features: High-quality instructive graphs as well as over 400 color illustrations and 100 tables clarify concepts in the text User-friendly organization facilitates the decision making process Online access to more than 100 video clips on catheterization, EKG, and normal vs. diseased heart comparisons on the Thieme MediaCenter Guidelines for treating neonates with cardiac disorders Clearly explains echocardiography, including anatomical landmarks and typical findings From the fundamentals to the latest advances in pediatric cardiology, this book provides the core information needed by cardiac surgeons and pediatric cardiologists treating patients with congenital as well as acquired heart disease. It is also essential for interventional cardiologists, cardiology fellows, and interventional radiologists who want to increase their knowledge and skills and offer optimal care to their patients. Cover......Page 1 Pediatric Cardiology......Page 5 Copyright......Page 6 Contents......Page 7 Preface......Page 12 Abbreviations......Page 13 List of Videos......Page 15 Part I Basics and Diagnostics......Page 17 1.2 Medical History......Page 18 1.3 Clinical Examination......Page 20 2.2 Special Features of the Pediatric ECG......Page 28 2.3 Evaluation......Page 29 3.1 Transthoracic Echocardiography......Page 37 3.2 Transesophageal Echocardiography......Page 49 3.3 Fetal Echocardiography......Page 50 4.3 Heart Shape......Page 51 4.4 Assessment of Atria, Ventricles, and Great Vessels......Page 52 4.5 Pulmonary Vascular Markings......Page 54 4.7 Bony Structures of the Chest......Page 55 5.1 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging......Page 56 5.2 Cardiac Computed Tomography......Page 59 6.3 Positron Emission Tomography......Page 60 7.1 Exercise Test......Page 61 7.2 Spiroergometry......Page 63 7.3 Six-MinuteWalk Test......Page 66 8.3 The Catheter Examination......Page 68 8.4 Various Catheters......Page 69 8.5 Hemodynamic Monitoring......Page 70 9.3 Procedure......Page 82 Part II Leading Symptoms......Page 87 10.3 Diagnostic Measures......Page 88 10.4 Complications......Page 89 11.2 Special Features of Heart Murmurs in Neonates and Young Infants......Page 91 11.3 Diagnostic Measures......Page 92 12.2 Diagnostic Procedures......Page 95 12.4 Prognosis and Course......Page 98 13.2 Diagnostic Measures......Page 99 13.3 Therapy......Page 100 14.2 Diagnostic Measures......Page 101 Part III Syndromes......Page 107 15.1 Atrial Septal Defects......Page 108 15.2 Ventricular Septal Defects......Page 113 15.3 Atrioventricular Septal Defect......Page 118 15.4 Patent Ductus Arteriosus......Page 123 15.5 Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Premature Infants......Page 127 15.6 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection......Page 129 15.7 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection......Page 132 15.8 Aortopulmonary Window......Page 136 15.9 Arteriovenous Fistulas......Page 138 15.10 Transposition of the Great Arteries......Page 140 15.11 Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries......Page 147 15.12 Double-Outlet Right Ventricle......Page 151 15.13 Truncus Arteriosus Communis......Page 158 15.14 Tetralogy of Fallot......Page 162 15.15 Pulmonary Atresia with Ventricular Septal Defect......Page 167 15.16 Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum......Page 172 15.17 Ebstein Anomaly......Page 176 15.18 Tricuspid Atresia......Page 179 15.19 Single Ventricle......Page 187 15.20 Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome......Page 192 15.21 Pulmonary Stenosis......Page 197 15.22 Aortic Stenosis......Page 202 15.23 Aortic Insufficiency......Page 208 15.24 Coarctation of the Aorta......Page 211 15.25 Interrupted Aortic Arch......Page 217 15.26 Congenital Vascular Rings......Page 220 15.27 Mitral Stenosis......Page 224 15.28 Mitral Insufficiency......Page 228 15.29 Mitral Valve Prolapse......Page 231 15.30 Coronary Anomalies......Page 234 15.31 Blandhitearland Syndrome......Page 239 15.32 Anomalies of the Systemic Veins......Page 242 15.33 Dextrocardia......Page 243 15.34 Heterotaxy Syndromes......Page 244 16.1 Myocarditis......Page 249 16.2 Endocarditis......Page 252 16.3 Pericarditis......Page 258 16.4 Rheumatic Fever......Page 261 16.5 Kawasaki Syndrome......Page 265 16.6 Cardiac Tumors......Page 268 17.1 Dilated Cardiomyopathy......Page 271 17.2 Hypertrophic and Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy......Page 274 17.3 Restrictive Cardiomyopathy......Page 280 17.4 Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy......Page 281 17.5 Endocardial Fibroelastosis......Page 284 17.6 Isolated Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy......Page 286 18.1 Antiarrhythmic Drugs......Page 288 18.3 Sinus Bradycardia......Page 300 18.4 Sinus Tachycardia......Page 302 18.5 Sinus Node Dysfunction......Page 303 18.6 AV Junctional Escape Rhythm......Page 304 18.8 Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm......Page 306 18.9 Supraventricular Extrasystoles......Page 307 18.10 Ventricular Extrasystoles......Page 309 18.11 Atrioventricular Nodal Re-entrant Tachycardia......Page 312 18.12 AV Re-entrant Tachycardia with an Accessory Pathway......Page 314 18.13 Ectopic Atrial Tachycardia......Page 320 18.14 Junctional Ectopic Tachycardia......Page 321 18.15 Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia......Page 323 18.16 Atrial Flutter and Intra-atrial Re-entrant Tachycardia......Page 324 18.17 Atrial Fibrillation......Page 326 18.18 Ventricular Tachycardia......Page 328 18.19 Ventricular Flutter and Fibrillation......Page 330 18.20 Sinoatrial Block......Page 332 18.21 Atrioventricular Block......Page 334 18.22 Bundle Branch Block......Page 338 18.23 Long QT Syndrome......Page 342 18.25 Brugada Syndrome......Page 347 19 Heart Failure......Page 350 20 Arterial Hypertension......Page 358 21 Pulmonary Hypertension......Page 365 22 Eisenmenger Syndrome......Page 371 23.2 Marfan Syndrome......Page 375 Part IV Treatment......Page 381 24.1 Basics......Page 382 24.2 Special Interventional Catheterization Procedures......Page 383 25.1 Hemodynamic Monitoring......Page 413 25.2 Postoperative Intensive Therapy......Page 417 25.3 Postpericardiotomy Syndrome......Page 424 25.4 Chylothorax......Page 425 26.1 Basics......Page 427 27.1 Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation......Page 430 27.2 Circulatory Support Systems......Page 432 28.1 Basics......Page 434 29.1 Basics......Page 443 30 Vaccinations for Pediatric Patients with Cardiac Disease......Page 448 31 Pharmacological Treatment......Page 450 Part V Appendix......Page 461 32.1 Normal Values for M-mode Echocardiography......Page 462 32.3 Diameter of the Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Annulus......Page 465 32.4 Normal ECG Values for Children and Adolescents 32.5 Normal Values for the Corrected QT Interval......Page 466 32.6 Classification of Sports......Page 467 References......Page 468 Index......Page 471