The Routledge Handbook to Music under German Occupation, 1938-1945: Propaganda, Myth and Reality

Description

Following their entry into Austria and the Sudetenland in the late 1930s, the Germans attempted to impose a policy of cultural imperialism on the countries they went on to occupy during World War II. Almost all music institutions in the occupied lands came under direct German control or were subject to severe scrutiny and censorship, the prime objective being to change the musical fabric of these nations and force them to submit to the strictures of Nazi ideology. This pioneering collection of essays is the first in the English language to look in more detail at the musical consequences of German occupation during a dark period in European history. It embraces a wide range of issues, presenting case studies involving musical activity in a number of occupied European cities, as well as in countries that were part of the Axis or had established close diplomatic relations with Germany. The wartime careers and creative outputs of individual musicians who were faced with the dilemma of either complying with or resisting the impositions of the occupiers are explored. In addition, there is some reflection on the post-war implications of German occupation for the musical environment in Europe. Music under German Occupation is written for all music-lovers, students, professionals and academics who have particular interests in 20th-century music and/or the vicissitudes of European cultural life during World War II. Contents List of figures List of tables List of appendices List of contributors List of abbreviations Introduction: the foundations of Nazi musical imperialism • David Fanning and Erik Levi Section 1: Musical life, resistance and destruction in occupied European capitals 1 Composers as critics in occupied Paris • Nigel Simeone 2 The Conservatoire in occupied Kiev (19 September 1941 to 6 November 1943) • Elena Zinkevych, translated by Michelle Assay 3 Nazi musical imperialism in occupied Poland • Katarzyna Naliwajek 4 Music and musical life in occupied Athens • Alexandros Charkiolakis Section 2: Adaptation and opportunism 5 The Rome-Berlin Axis: musical interactions between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany in redrawing a ‘New Order for European Culture’ • Erik Levi 6 In search of a musical identity in the Nazi-occupied Netherlands • Dario van Gammeren 7 Symphonic music in occupied Belgium (1940–1944): the role of ‘German-friendly’ music societies • Eric Derom 8 Music, culture and the Church in the German-occupied USSR: the Smolensk area and other provinces • Svetlana Zvereva Section 3: Appropriations and reputations 9 Celebrating a Mozart anniversary in occupied Belgium: the Mozart Herdenking in Vlaanderen (1942) • Marie-Hélène Benoit-Otis and Cécile Quesney 10 The ambiguous reception of Antonín Dvořák’s music during the Reichsprotektorat Böhmen und Mähren (The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia), 1939–1945 • Kateřina Nová, translated by Štěpán Kaňa 11 Celebrating the Nordic tone – fighting for national legacy: the Grieg Centenary, 1943 • Michael Custodis and Arnulf Mattes Section 4: Between two evils 12 The song collector, the year of terrors and the catastrophe that followed: a life in occupied Latvia • Kevin C. Karnes 13 The music of Čiurlionis in the context of resistance and Lithuanian national identity during the Nazi occupation (1941–1944) • Vytautė Markeliūnienė 14 Power through music: strategies of the German occupation authorities in Estonia • Kristel Pappel and Anu Kõlar Section 5: The limits of tolerance 15 Getting away with Cultural Bolshevism: the first European performance of Porgy and Bess in Copenhagen, 1943 • Michael Fjeldsøe 16 Music criticism in the Swedish Nazi daily press: the case of Dagsposten • Henrik Rosengren Section 6: Damaged careers 17 (Re)visiting the (Jewish) archive of Gideon Klein – Terezín, 1941–1944 • David Fligg 18 Eugeniusz Morawski: life under the Nazi occupation of Warsaw • Oskar Łapeta Section 7: Symphonies of war and resistance 19 Religious patriotism and grotesque ridicule: responses to Nazi oppression in Pavel Haas’s unfinished war-time Symphony • Martin Čurda 20 Paul von Klenau’s Ninth Symphony: a case study • Niels Krabbe 21 Shostakovich’s ‘Leningrad’ Symphony: music of endurance • David Fanning and Michelle Assay Section 8: Complex and uneasy legacies 22 Listening in the Grey Zone • Michael Beckerman 23 The marketing of backstories: approaches to the legacies of music composed in fraught circumstances • Mirjam Frank 24 Nazism, music and Tyrolean identity • Kurt Drexel 25 Bartók against the Nazis: the Italian premieres of Bluebeard’s Castle (1938) and The Miraculous Mandarin (1942) • Nicolò Palazzetti 26 Contemporary music and cultural politics in Switzerland during World War II: between neutrality and nationalism • Simeon Thompson Index