An American Missionary in China: John Leighton Stuart and Chinese-American Relations

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This work traced the career of a seminal figure in twentieth-century Chinese-American relations. John Leighton Stuart began his work in China as a missionary in 1904. He moved on to head Yenching University, the leading Christian institution of higher leaning in China. During the Pacific War, Stuart was imprisoned by the Japanese. When General George C. Marshall was sent to China by President Truman in 1945 to mediate peace between the Chinese Nationalists and the Chinese Communists, Marshall chose Stuart as Ambassador to help with that mediation and to look after American interests in China. Stuart was the last to hold that post before the Chiang Kai-shek government's move to Taiwan. Shaw's research among materials in English, Chinese, and Japanese has produced a richly detailed examination of each phase of Stuart's life. Shaw presents Stuart as a Wilsonian idealist whose combination of liberal, situational values and nationalistic vision put him square in the middle, unable fully to support a Nationalist-led China and positing instead a Nationalist-Communist coalition that would favor the Nationalists and open the door to American influence. AN AMERICAN MISSIONARY IN CHINA: John Leighton Stuart and Chinese-American Relations Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INTRODUCTION PART I: EARLY LIFE AND THE WORK IN NANKING, 1876-1919 1. THE MAKING OF A MISSIONARY (1876-1908} Family Tradition and Childhood in China Education and Early Consecration in America Efforts to Convert the Chinese People in Hangchow 2. RELIGIOUS AND SECULAR WORK AT NANKING THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY (1908-1919) Initiation into Chinese and American Politics Missionary Philosophy and Theology PART II: THE YENCHING YEARS, 1919-1941 3. EDUCATION AIMS AND EMPHASES Christian Education in China Academic Programs 4. DEVELOPING YENCHING INIO A CHINESE INSTITUTION Stuart as Yenching's President Building a Chinese Constituency 5. INFUSING CHRISTIANITY INTO YENCHING'S STUDENTS The Heresy Trials and Their Impact on the University Religious Policies at the University 6. STUART AND CHINESE POLITICS {1925-1937) Supporting Chinese Nationalism during the 1920s Relationship with the Nationalist Government Views of Chinese Communism 7. STUART AND THE SINO]APANESE WAR (1937-1941) Presidency during the Japanese Occupation of North China Views on Japanese Militarism in China Peace Missions during the Sino-Japanese War Urging a More Positive U.S. East Asian Policy Views on the Two Chinese Political Parties PART III: DIPLOMATIC SERVICE AND LAST YEARS, 1941-1962 8. FROM DETENTION CELL TO AMBASSADORIAL CHANCELLERY Internment During the Pacific War Resumption of University Work U.S. Ambassador to China 9. STUART AND THE MARSHALL MISSION {1946) The Mission and Its Problems Stuart's Role in the Mission An Evaluation 10. THE DIPLOMACY OF HOPE {1947) Chiang Still the Best Hope Against Allowing the Chinese to "Stew in Their Own Juice" 11. THE DIPLOMACY OF PERSEVERANCE (1948} Aid and More Aid to China From All-Out Aid to a Coalition Government 12. THE TORTUOUS ROAD OF A MISSIONARY DIPLOMAT {1949} A Final Effort to Save the Nationalist Government Last Attempts to Reach an Accommodation with the CCP Coming Home 13. THE LAST YEARS (1950-1962} The Closing of Yenching Last Thoughts of a Missionary Cold Warrior The Fading Away 14. CONCLUSION The Missionary Educator The Political Activist The China Watcher Notes ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE NOTES NOTES SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY GLOSSARY Index Harvard East Asian Monographs