Using Statistical Methods in Social Science Research: With a Complete SPSS Guide

Description

Using Statistical Methods in Social Science Research, Third Edition is the user-friendly text every student needs for analyzing and making sense of quantitative data. With over 20 years of experience teaching statistics, Soleman H. Abu-Bader provides an accessible, step-by-step description of the process needed to organize data, choose a test or statistical technique, analyze, interpret, and report research findings. The book begins with an overview of research and statistical terms, followed by an explanation of basic descriptive statistics. It then focuses on the purpose, rationale, and assumptions made by each test, such as Pearson's correlation, student's t-tests, analysis of variances, and simple linear regression, among others. The book also provides a wealth of research examples that clearly display the applicability and function of these tests in real-world practice. In a separate appendix, the author provides a step-by-step process for calculating each test for those who still like to understand the mathematical formulas behind these processes. Cover Using Statistical Methods in Social Science Research Copyright Dedication Table of Contents Preface List of Figures List of Tables List of SPSS Screen Captures 1 Overview of Mathematical and Research Methodological Terms Learning Objectives Introduction Basic Mathematical Concepts Variable and Constants Levels of Measurement Research Hypotheses Psychometric Properties of an Instrument Population and Sample Descriptive and Inferential Statistics Types of Relationships between Two Variables Summary Key Terms Practical Exercises 2 Working with SPSS Learning Objectives Introduction About the SPSS Program Creating an Instrumentation Codebook Practical Example Starting the SPSS Program Summary Key Terms Practical Exercises 3 Data Organization and Summary: Frequency Tables and Graphs Learning Objectives Introduction Frequency Distributions Graphic Presentations of Data Summary Key Terms Practical Exercises 4 Descriptive Statistics: Measures of Central Tendency, Variability, and Percentiles Learning Objectives Introduction Measures of Central Tendency Measures of Variability What Measure(s) to Report Percentile and Percentile Ranks Box-​and-​Whisker Plot Summary Key Terms Practical Exercises 5 Distributions, Data Transformations, and Standard Z Scores Learning Objectives Introduction Normality of Distributions Standard Scores (Z Scores) Summary Key Terms Practical Exercises 6 Hypothesis Testing and Selecting a Statistical Test Learning Objectives Introduction Research Hypotheses Errors in Hypothesis Testing Confidence Interval Selecting a Statistical Test Summary Key Terms Practical Exercises 7 Bivariate Correlations Learning Objectives Introduction Correlation Scatterplot Correlation and Causality Correlational Tests Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient Point-biserial correlation coefficient Assumptions Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient Partial Correlation Test Practical Examples Summary Key Terms Practical Exercises 8 Difference between Two Group Means: The One-​Sample Case and Two-​Sample Case t-​Tests Learning Objectives Introduction Student’s t-​Tests One-​Sample Case t-​Test Two-​Sample Case t-​Test Mann-​Whitney U Test Practical Examples Summary Key Terms Practical Exercises 9 Dependent t-​Test: Two-​Paired Observations Learning Objectives Introduction Dependent t-​Test Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test Practical Examples Summary Key Terms Practical Exercises 10 K Group Comparisons: One-​Way Analysis of Variance and Covariance Learning Objectives Introduction Why Not Use the Independent t-​Test? Analysis of Variance: An Overview One-​Way ANOVA One-​Way ANCOVA Sources of Variations in ANOVA and ANCOVA Assumptions of ANOVA and ANCOVA Kruskal-​Wallis H Test Post Hoc Tests Practical Examples Summary Key Terms Practical Exercises 11 Chi-​Square Goodness-​of-​Fit Test and Test of Association Learning Objectives Introduction Chi-​Square Test Chi-​Square Goodness-​of-​Fit Test Chi-​Square Test of Association Contingency Table Assumptions of Chi-​Square Tests Fisher’s Exact Test Measures of Association Practical Examples Summary Key Terms Practical Exercises 12 Simple Linear Regression Learning Objectives Introduction Simple Linear Regression Regression Equations and Scatterplot Regression Coefficients Confidence Interval Assumptions Practical Example Summary Key Terms Practical Exercises Appendix A: SPSS Data Files Data File 1: Experimental Design (N = 60) Data File 2: Immigrants (N = 40) Data File 3: Job Satisfaction (N = 218) Data File 4: Mental Health (N = 155) Data File 5: Refugees (N = 230) Data File 6: Reliability Analysis (N = 110) Data File 7: Senior Citizens (N = 90) Data File 8: Well-​Being (N = 182) Appendix B: Hand Calculations B.1. Correlational Tests B.2. One-​Sample Case and Two-​Sample Case T-Tests B.3. Student’s T-Test—​Two-​Paired Observations B.4. One-​Way Analysis of Variance and Covariance B.5. Chi-​Square Tests B.6. Simple Linear Regression Appendix C: Critical Values Table C.1. Z Scores Table C.2. Pearson’s Correlation Table C.3. Spearman’s Correlation Table C.4. T Distribution Table C.5. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test Table C.6. F Distribution Table C.7. Mann-​Whitney U Test Table C.8. Tukey HSD Q Test Table C.9. Chi-​Square References Index