Sustainable Energy, 2nd

Description

Help students explore present and future energy needs as well as options for continued use of fossil fuels and alternative energy sources with Dunlap�s SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, 2nd Edition. Individual chapters thoroughly investigate each energy approach as the book covers both current energy production and future strategies. Readers only need to be familiar with freshman-level physics and chemistry. The text emphasizes the complexity of energy issues and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to solve today�s energy problems. Quantitative end-of-chapter problems require students to analyze information, use material from previous chapters, correlate data from various sources, and interpret graphical data and interpolate values. Students see real problems encountered in producing and using energy and realize that while exact calculations are important, a broad-based analysis is often most appropriate. Cover Contents Preface About the Author Part I: Background Chapter 1: Energy Basics 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Work, Energy, and Power 1.3 Forms of Energy 1.4 Some Basic Thermodynamics 1.5 Heat Engines and Heat Pumps 1.6 Electricity Generation 1.7 Summary Problems Bibliography Chapter 2: Past, Present, and Future World Energy Use 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Past and Present Energy Use 2.3 Exponential Growth 2.4 The Hubbert Modelof Resource Utilization 2.5 Challenges for Sustainable Energy Development 2.6 Summary Problems Bibliography Part II: Fossil Fuels Chapter 3: Fossil Fuel Resources and Use 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Oil 3.3 Refining 3.4 Natural Gas 3.5 Coal 3.6 Overview of Fossil Fuel Resources 3.7 Enhanced Oil Recovery 3.8 Oil Shale 3.9 Extra-Heavy Oil and Tar Sands 3.10 Coal Liquefaction and Gasification 3.11 Summary Problems Bibliography Chapter 4: Environmental Consequences of Fossil Fuel Use 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Thermal Pollution 4.3 Chemical and Particulate Matter Pollution 4.4 The Greenhouse Effect 4.5 Climate Change 4.6 Carbon Sequestration 4.7 International Climate Change Initiatives 4.8 Summary Problems Bibliography Part III: Nuclear Energy Chapter 5: Some Basic Nuclear Physics 5.1 Introduction 5.2 The Structure of the Nucleus 5.3 Binding Energy 5.4 Nuclear Decays 5.5 Nuclear Reactions 5.6 Summary Problems Bibliography Chapter 6: Energy from Nuclear Fission 6.1 Introduction 6.2 The Fission of Uranium 6.3 Nuclear Reactor Design 6.4 Fission Reactor Control 6.5 Types of Thermal Neutron Reactors 6.6 Current Use of Fission Energy 6.7 Uranium Resources 6.8 Nuclear Safety 6.9 Risk Assessment 6.10 Waste Disposal 6.11 Advanced Reactor Design 6.12 Fast Breeder Reactors 6.13 Summary Problems Bibliography Chapter 7: Energy from Nuclear Fusion 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Fusion Energy 7.3 Magnetic Confinement Reactors 7.4 Inertial Confinement Reactors 7.5 Progress toward a Fusion Reactor 7.6 Summary Problems Bibliography Part IV: Renewable Energy Chapter 8: Direct Use of Solar Energy 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Properties of Sunlight 8.3 Heat Transfer 8.4 Solar Collector Design 8.5 Residential Heating Needs 8.6 Heat Storage 8.7 Passive Solar Heating 8.8 Transpired Solar Collectors 8.9 Summary Problems Bibliography Chapter 9: Electricity from Solar Energy 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Solar Electric Generation 9.3 Photovoltaic Devices 9.4 Application of Photovoltaic Devices 9.5 Global Use of Photovoltaics 9.6 Summary Problems Bibliography Chapter 10: Wind Energy 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Wind Turbine Design 10.3 Obtaining Energy from the Wind 10.4 Applications of Wind Power 10.5 Summary Problems Bibliography Chapter 11: Hydroelectric Energy 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Energy from Water 11.3 Turbine Design 11.4 High Head Systems 11.5 Low Head and Run-of-the-River Systems 11.6 Utilization of Hydroelectric Power 11.7 Environmental Consequences of Hydroelectric Energy 11.8 Summary Problems Bibliography Chapter 12: Wave Energy 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Energy from Waves 12.3 Wave Power Devices 12.4 Wave Energy Resources 12.5 Summary Problems Bibliography Chapter 13: Tidal Energy 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Energy from the Tides 13.3 Barrage Systems 13.4 Nonbarrage Tidal Power Systems 13.5 Summary Problems Bibliography Chapter 14: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion and Ocean Salinity Gradient Energy 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Basic Principles of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion 14.3 OTEC System Design 14.4 Physics of the Operation of an OTEC System 14.5 Implementation of OTEC Systems 14.6 Ocean Salinity Gradient Energy: Basic Principles 14.7 Applications of Ocean Salinity Gradient Energy 14.8 Summary Problems Bibliography Chapter 15: Geothermal Energy 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Basics of Geothermal Energy 15.3 Direct Use of Geothermal Energy 15.4 Geothermal Electricity 15.5 Utilization of Geothermal Resources and Environmental Consequences 15.6 Summary Problems Bibliography Chapter 16: Biomass Energy 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Wood 16.3 Ethanol Production 16.4 Biodiesel 16.5 Biogas 16.6 Municipal Solid Waste 16.7 Summary Problems Bibliography Part V: Energy Conservation, Energy Storage, and Transportation Chapter 17: Energy Conservation 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Approaches to Energy Conservation 17.3 Cogeneration 17.4 Smart Grid 17.5 Energy Conservation in the Community - LED Streetlights 17.6 Home Heating and Cooling 17.7 Residential Lighting 17.8 Transportation 17.9 Summary Problems Bibliography Chapter 18: Energy Storage 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Pumped Hydroelectric Power 18.3 Compressed Air Energy Storage 18.4 Flywheels 18.5 Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) 18.6 Summary Problems Bibliography Chapter 19: Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Battery Types 19.3 BEV Requirements and Design 19.4 History of BEVs 19.5 Supercapacitors 19.6 Summary Problems Bibliography Chapter 20: Hydrogen 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Properties of Hydrogen 20.3 Hydrogen Production Methods 20.4 Storage and Transportation of Hydrogen 20.5 Hydrogen Internal Combustion Vehicles 20.6 Fuel Cells 20.7 Fuel Cell Vehicles 20.8 Hydrogen: Present and Future 20.9 Efficiency of Different Transportation Technologies 20.10 Summary Problems Bibliography Part VI: The Future Chapter 21: Future Prospects and Research and Design Projects 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Approaches to Future Energy Production 21.3 Key Considerations 21.4 Overview of Future Energy Technologies 21.5 Efficient Energy Utilization 21.6 Conclusions Bibliography Appendices Appendix I: Powers of Ten Appendix II: Physical Constants Appendix III: Energy Conversion Factors Appendix IV: Miscellaneous Conversion Factors Appendix V: Energy Content of Fuels Appendix VI: R-values in Metric and British Units Appendix VII: The Elements Appendix VIII: Table of Acronyms Index