An Introduction to Veterinary Medicine Engineering

Description

Do cephalopods change color when under distress? Is the reptilian heart analogous to a diaphragm positive displacement pump? Are digital twins the answer for animal experimentation? This book explores the new field of veterinary engineering science and discusses how to better measure vital signs in exotic and companion animals. A vast opportunity exists for developing novel technologies that target reductions to the number of invasive procedures patients are subjected to. We examine improvements to animal care and enhancement of animal welfare while creating a more sustainable veterinary healthcare ecosystem. The authors address the challenges engineers face in designing healthcare equipment for animals and how the field of veterinary engineering contributes to traditional veterinary medicine. This book brings a novel field of engineering to train future veterinarians and engineers on design and application of technology to veterinary medicine. Serves as a learning resource for the training and education of veterinary students, veterinarians and engineers Demonstrates through experiments and case studies the merging point between engineering and veterinary medicine Discusses concepts and issues associated with engineering and veterinary medicine Illustrates veterinary challenges using an engineering-design approach Provides examples of veterinary applications with successful outcomes, incorporating step-by-step directions for engineers Preface Contents Monitoring During Anesthesia: Physiology 1 Introduction 2 What Is the Risk of Anesthesia-Related Death? 3 Monitoring Guidelines 4 When Does Monitoring Begin and End? 5 Body Systems That Can Be Monitored 6 Monitoring Anesthetic Depth 7 Monitoring the Cardiovascular System 8 Monitoring the Respiratory System References Monitoring Equipment 1 Introduction 2 Bispectral Index 3 Electrocardiography 4 Blood Pressure Monitoring 5 Pulse Oximetry 6 Capnometry and Capnography References The Mechatronics Inside the Animal Kingdom 1 Systems 2 The Reptilian Heart 3 The Design 3.1 Network Physiology 3.2 Cyber-physical Sensor System References Frameworks and Platforms for Monitoring Animal Health and Wellness in Human Care and in the Wild 1 Introduction 2 A Brief History of Early Sensing Devices, Information System Frameworks and Computing Platforms for Continuous Health Monitoring 2.1 Early Systems for Continuous Health Monitoring 2.2 Information System Frameworks for Continuous Health Monitoring 3 A Framework for Animal Health and Behaviour Monitoring 3.1 Animal Data 3.2 Data Collection 3.3 Data Acquisition 3.4 Data Buffering and Data Transmission 3.5 Data Transformation and the Adaptive API 3.6 Data Analytics 3.7 Data Storage 3.8 Information Exploration 4 Discussion and Conclusion References Functional Sensory and Biomedical Applications of Cellulose Nanocrystals as a Sustainable Source of Material 1 Introduction to Cellulose Nanocrystals 2 Applications of CNCs 2.1 Applications Based on Chiral Nematic Self-Assembly 2.2 As a Strain Sensor 2.3 As a Humidity Sensor 2.4 As a Chemical Sensor 2.5 As a Hydrogel Reinforcing Agent 2.6 As a Drug Delivery Carrier 3 Discussion and Conclusion References Introduction to Veterinary Engineering Teaching Veterinary Anatomy: How Biomedical Engineering Has Changed Its Course 1 Traditional Pedagogical Methods in Veterinary Anatomy 2 Pedagogical Evolution of Veterinary Anatomy 3 Technology-Enhanced Resources in Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Anatomy Curriculum 4 Augmented and Mixed-Reality Technology in Veterinary Anatomy Curriculum to Enhance Learning Outcomes References Designing Immersive Environments for Extreme Environments 1 Introduction 1.1 Related Work 2 Underwater Physics 2.1 Buoyancy 2.2 Visual 2.3 Auditory 3 Perception Physiology 3.1 Visual 3.2 Auditory 3.3 Temperature 4 Perception Challenges Underwater 4.1 Haptic–Tactile Perception 4.2 Visual 4.3 Auditory 5 Concepts of Different Realities 6 Technological Approaches 6.1 Augmented Reality 6.2 Virtual Reality 7 Designing Requirements for Dynamic and Immersive Environments 7.1 Spatial Mapping 7.2 Case Study: 3D Horse Head Model to Augmented Reality Model 7.3 Case Study: Methodology Source Imagery and 3D Modelling Software Selection Modelling Strategy Getting Started Creating the Blank Model Carving Away the Model Test Printing 8 Discussion References 3D Printed Models for Veterinary Anatomy Teaching 1 Introduction 2 3D Printing Overview 2.1 Digital Image Acquisitions 2.2 Digital Image Editing 2.3 3D Printing 3 Use of 3D Printed Models in Veterinary Anatomy Education 3.1 Equine 3D Models 3.2 Canine Neuroanatomy 3D Models 3.3 Canine Musculoskeletal Models 3.4 Feline Larynx for Teaching Endotracheal Intubation 3.5 Canine Pulmonic Stenosis Model 4 Conclusion References Veterinary Surgery: Overview and Recent Achievements 1 Introduction 1.1 Where Do Surgeons Work? 1.2 What Is Surgery? 2 Surgical Subspecialties 2.1 Orthopedic Surgery 2.2 Surgical Oncology 2.3 Neurosurgery and Advanced Imaging 2.4 General/Soft Tissue Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery 3 The Operating Room and Equipment 3.1 Surgical Modalities 3.2 Environmental Impact 4 Future Opportunities in Veterinary Surgery 4.1 Robotic and Robotic-Assisted Surgery 4.2 Artificial Intelligence 5 Summary References Index