Applications of Nanofluids in Chemical and Bio-medical Process Industry

Description

Applications of Nanofluids in the Chemical and Biomedical Process Industry provides detailed knowledge about the mathematical, numerical, and experimental methodologies of the application of nanofluids in heat transfer, mass transfer, and biomedical processes. The book is divided into three main sections with the first providing a detailed overview of the thermophysical and optical properties of nanofluids enhancement in heat exchangers and boiling operations. The second section gives a detailed overview of nanofluid application in CO2 absorption/regeneration and metal extraction/stripping operations, while the third provides an overview of the application ofnanofluids in biomedical processes. The book includes recent advances, as well as challenges to nanofluid applications in industrial processes and will be useful for researchers and professionals working in industry or academia, as well as others interested in the applications of the nanofluids to industrial processes for design purposes. Cover Half Title Applications of Nanofluids in Chemical and Bio-medical Process Industry Copyright Dedication Foreword Contributors Contents Introduction Acknowledgment About the editors Preface 1. Current overview of nanofluid applications 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Principle 1.3 Recent development in the nanofluids properties 1.3.1 Thermo-physical properties of nanofluids 1.3.1.1 Thermal conductivity and viscosity 1.3.1.2 Specific heat and density 1.3.2 Numeric analysis of nanofluid applications in heat and mass transfer 1.4 Current applications of nanofluids 1.5 Challenges of nanofluid application 1.5.1 Stability of nanofluids 1.5.2 Complications in the co-relations for the nanofluid properties 1.5.3 Production cost of nanofluids 1.6 Comparative performance with the hybrid nanofluids Summary References 2. Thermo-physical and optical properties of the nanofluids 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 Different kinds of nanofluids 2.1.1.1 Water-based nanofluid 2.1.1.2 Oil-based nanofluid 2.1.1.3 Ethylene glycol-based nanofluids 2.1.2 Novel applications of nanofluids 2.1.2.1 Applications in microchannels 2.1.2.2 Applications in refrigeration 2.1.2.3 Application in tribology 2.1.2.4 Applications in transformers 2.1.2.5 Application in bio-medical 2.1.3 Two-step synthesis of nanofluids 2.2 Principle 2.3 Recent developments in the parameters affecting thermo-physical properties of nanofluids 2.3.1 Temperature 2.3.2 Nanoparticle concentration 2.3.3 Nanoparticle size 2.3.4 Nanoparticle shape 2.4 Current application of the nanofluids 2.4.1 Thermal conductivity 2.4.2 Specific heat and density of nanofluid 2.5 Optical properties of nanofluids 2.5.1 Absorption property 2.5.2 Transmittance 2.5.3 Scattering Summary References 3. Mathematical and numerical investigations of nanofluid applications in the industrial heat exchangers 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Recent developments 3.3 The current mathematical applications of nanofluids as coolant in the heat exchangers 3.4 Comparative performance of nanofluids with hybrid nanofluids 3.5 Challenges Summary References 4. Experimental investigation of nanofluid in industrial heat exchangers 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Recent developments 4.3 Thermophysical and H.T properties of the nanofluid 4.4 Current applications of nanofluid in numerous heat exchangers 4.4.1 Tubular/circular/plate heat exchanger 4.3.2 Double pipe heat exchanger (DPHE) 4.4.3 Shell and tube heat exchanger (STHE) 4.5 Challenges Summary References 5. Experimental investigations of direct absorption solar collectors 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Principle 5.3 Recent developments in nanofluid application in solar panel application 5.4 Integrated ultramodified double slope type passive solar unit (UMDPSS) using nanofluids 5.4.1 Setup design description and working principle 5.4.2 Yield of solar still affected by using nanofluids 5.4.3 Preparation of nanofluids sample 5.4.4 Working procedure with experimental setup 5.4 Current application of cobalt oxide nanoparticles-based nanofluids in solar panels 5.4.1 Cobalt oxide nanoparticles synthesis and nanofluid preparation 5.4.2 Fabrication of DASC set-up 5.5 Characterization of nanoparticles and calculations 5.5.1 Characterization of Co3O4 nanoparticle 5.5.2 Density of nanofluids 5.5.3 Specific heat capacity of nanofluids 5.5.4 Viscosity of nanofluids 5.5.5 Thermal conductivity of nanofluids 5.5.6 Efficiency of DASC 5.6 Results and discussion 5.6.1 Effect of volume fraction on the density of nanofluids 5.6.2 Effect of volume fraction on specific heat capacity of nanofluids 5.6.3 Effect of volume fraction on viscosity of nanofluids 5.6.4 Effect of volume fraction on thermal conductivity of nanofluids 5.6.5 Efficiency comparison with flow rate of nanofluid in DASC Summary References 6. Numeric and experimental investigations of performance improvement using nanofluids in car radiators 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Principle 6.3 Recent development in the car radiator performance using nanofluids 6.3.1 Experimental advances 6.3.2 Numeric advances 6.4 Current applications 6.4.1 Case study 1 (various shape nanoparticle-based ternary hybrid nanofluid) 6.4.2 Case study 2 (louvered fin automotive radiator) 6.5 Detailed study using the Fe2O3/water nanofluids 6.5.1 Synthesis of Fe2O3 nanoparticles 6.5.2 Characterization 6.5.3 Preparation of nanofluids 6.5.4 Thermo-physical properties of nanofluid 6.5.5 Theoretical background 6.5.6 Experimental setup 6.5.7 Result and discussions 6.5.7.1 Effect of nanofluid concentration on outlet temperature 6.5.7.2 Effect of nanofluid concentration on experimental heat transfer coefficient 6.5.7.3 Discussion 6.6 Future perspective Summary References 7. Experimental investigations of the nanofluid applications in the pool boiling process 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Principle 7.3 Recent developments in the experimental investigation of nanofluid based pool boiling operations 7.4 Current Applications (MWCNT-based nanofluid for different heater surface) 7.4.1 Experimental setup 7.4.2 Critical heat flux measurement 7.3.3 Effect of addition of surfactant sodium oleate 7.4.3 Comparison of pool boiling performance for MWCNT–water nanofluid on a bare heater surface and MWCNT deposited surface 7.4.4 Comparison of the boiling heat transfer coefficient (HTC) for the nanoparticles deposited surface and bare heating s ... 7.4.5 Comparative bubble dynamics 7.4.5.1 Bubble departure diameter 7.4.5.2 Wait period, growth period, and cycle times 7.4.5.3 Bubble departure frequency (f) Summary References 8. Numerical and experimental investigations of application of nanofluids in flow boiling processes 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Principle 8.3 Recent developments in the nanofluid applications of flow boiling process 8.3.1 Numeric approach 8.3.2 Experimental approach 8.4 Molecular dynamics approach for the flow boiling 8.5 Challenges and future perspective 8.6 Conclusions References 9. Mathematical and numerical investigations of CO2 absorption and desorption process 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Principle 9.3 Experimental advances in the CO2 absorption using nanofluids 9.3.1 The effect of nanoparticle type 9.3.2 The effect of nanofluid concentration 9.3.3 The effect of nanoparticle size 9.4 Recent developments mathematical modeling of CO2 absorption process using nanofluids 9.4.1 Model development 9.4.2 Gas side equations 9.4.3 Membrane side equations: 9.4.4 Liquid equations 9.5 Current application of these models for numerical solution 9.5.1 Effect of gas/liquid velocity on absorption and desorption of nanofluids 9.5.2 Effect of concentration amines and nanoparticles on absorption and desorption of nanofluids Summary References 10. Experimental investigation of CO2 absorption process using nanofluids 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Case study of chemical absorption using amines 10.3 Principles of enhancement 10.3.1 Grazing (shuttle effect) 10.3.2 Hydro-dynamic effect in the gas–liquid boundary layer 10.3.3 Inhibition of bubble coalescence 10.4 Recent developments in the enhancement of mass transfer by nanofluids 10.4.1 Effect of nanofluid type 10.4.2 Impact of nanoparticle size 10.4.3 Impact of nanoparticle loading 10.5 Application of nanofluid-based CO2 absorption process 10.5.1 Experimental setup 10.6 Result and discussion 10.6.1 Effect of the MWCNT conc. on CO2 absorption 10.6.2 Stability study 10.6.3 Flow rate study 10.6.3.1 Flow rate study for different concentrations of nanofluids 10.6.3.2 Flow rate study for nanofluids with a different base fluid 10.6.3.3 Bubble dynamics 10.6.3.3.1 Bubble departure diameter 10.6.3.3.2 Cycle times 10.6.3.3.3 Bubble departure frequency (f) 10.7 Challenges and future perspectives 10.8 Applications in industry Summary References 11. Mathematical, numerical, and experimental investigations of metal extraction processes 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Principle behind the metal extraction process by nanofluid: Mathematical governing equations 11.2.1 Mass-transfer correlations of nanofluids 11.2.2 Nanofluid preparation using deep eutectic solvents for extraction process 11.3 Recent developments: The conventional methods of extraction 11.3.1 Limitations of the conventional methods of extraction 11.4 Current application of nanofluids for the metal extraction 11.5 Comparative performance of nanofluids 11.6 Future predictions Summary References 12. Application of nanomaterials to enhance the performance of wastewater treatment processes 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Principle for the use of nanoparticles 12.3 Current application of nanomaterials in wastewater treatment 12.4 Comparative performance of nanomaterials in wastewater treatment systems 12.4.1 Application of antimicrobial characteristics of nanomaterials in wastewater treatment 12.5 Nano-enhanced phase changes materials (nano-enhanced PCM) 12.6 Nano-enhanced desalination 12.7 Challenges using nanomaterials 12.8 Energy-water-food (EWF) nexus and nanotechnology 12.9 Future prospects Summary References 13. Nanofluid-based drug delivery systems 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Principle 13.3 Recent development 13.4 Current applications of nanofluid-based drug delivery system 13.4.1 Magnetic drug delivery 13.4.2 Microelectromechanical biosystems 13.4.3 Nanocrystals and nanoparticles 13.4.4 Nano-cryosurgery 13.4.5 Cancer treatment 13.4.5.1 Hyperthermia treatment 13.4.6 Anemia treatment 13.4.7 Antibacterial activity 13.4.8 Bio-imaging 13.5 Comparative performance of hybrid nanofluids 13.6 Challenges of the nanofluids 13.7 Future predictions Summary References 14. Computational analysis of nanofluids-based drug delivery system: Preparation, current development and applications of nanofluids 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Principles 14.3 Recent development in nanofluids and CFD 14.4 Preparation methods of nanofluids 14.4.1 Single-step method 14.4.2 Two-step method 14.4.3 Other novel methods 14.4.4 Antibacterial activity 14.5 The stability of nanofluids 14.6 Current applications of nanofluids 14.6.1 Antibacterial activity 14.6.2 Nanodrugs delivery 14.7 Mathematical modeling of nanofluids 14.8 Computational modeling of nanoparticles (nanofluids) 14.9 Computational fluid dynamics 14.10 Comparative performance of the hybrid nanofluids and challenges 14.11 Future predictions Summary References Index