Sustainable Materials for Transitional and Alternative Energy

Description

Sustainable Materials for Transitional and Alternative Energy, a new release in the Advanced Materials and Sensors for the Oil and Gas Industry series, comprises a list of processes across the energy industry coupled with the latest research involving advanced nanomaterials. Topics include green-based nanomaterials towards carbon capture, the importance of coal gasification in terms of fossil fuels and advanced materials utilized for fuel cells. Supplied from contributing experts in both academic and corporate backgrounds, the reference contains a precise balance on the developments, applications, advantages and challenges remaining. The book addresses real solutions as energy companies continue to deliver energy needs while lowering emissions. The oil and gas industry are shifting and implementing innovative ways to produce energy in an environmentally friendly way. One approach involves solutions developed using advanced materials and nanotechnology. Nanomaterials are delivering new alternatives for engineers making this a timely product for today’s market. Title-page_2021_Sustainable-Materials-for-Transitional-and-Alternative-Energ Sustainable Materials for Transitional and Alternative Energy Copyright_2021_Sustainable-Materials-for-Transitional-and-Alternative-Energy Copyright Dedications_2021_Sustainable-Materials-for-Transitional-and-Alternative-Ener Dedications Contents_2021_Sustainable-Materials-for-Transitional-and-Alternative-Energy Contents List-of-contributo_2021_Sustainable-Materials-for-Transitional-and-Alternati List of contributors About-the-author_2021_Sustainable-Materials-for-Transitional-and-Alternative About the authors Preface-for-volume_2021_Sustainable-Materials-for-Transitional-and-Alternati Preface for volume 2 Chapter-One---Smart-and-state-of-the-ar_2021_Sustainable-Materials-for-Trans one Smart and state-of-the-art materials in oil and gas industry 1.1 Introduction 1.2 State-of-the-art materials 1.2.1 Additives 1.2.1.1 Bacterial control additives 1.2.1.2 Corrosion inhibitor additives 1.2.1.3 Fluid loss additives 1.2.1.4 Lubricants 1.2.1.5 Fluid viscosifiers 1.2.1.6 Synthetic-based muds 1.2.1.7 Clay stabilizers 1.2.1.8 Antifreeze additives 1.2.1.9 Additives for odorization 1.2.1.10 Defoamers 1.2.2 Nanoparticles in conformance problems 1.2.2.1 Improving sweep efficiencies 1.2.2.2 Nanoparticles stabilized foam 1.2.2.3 Nanoparticles polymer flooding 1.2.2.4 Nanoparticles for less water production 1.3 Smart materials 1.3.1 Shape memory materials and piezoelectric materials for oil and gas industry 1.3.1.1 Shape memory materials 1.3.1.1.1 Mechanism of shape memory effect and superelasticity 1.3.1.1.2 Influence of alloying on the shape memory properties of shape memory alloys 1.3.1.1.3 Ni-Ti-based Alloys 1.3.1.1.4 Copper-based shape memory alloys 1.3.1.1.5 Iron-based alloys 1.3.1.1.6 Additional shape memory alloys 1.3.1.1.7 Challenges in the development of shape memory alloys 1.3.1.1.8 Shape Memory Materials (SSM) applications in oil and gas industry 1.3.1.1.9 Shape memory alloy actuator applications 1.3.2 Piezoelectric materials 1.3.2.1 Applications of piezoelectric materials in oil and gas industries 1.3.2.1.1 Marine seismic survey 1.3.2.1.2 High temperature and pressure operation 1.3.2.1.3 Pressure gages 1.3.2.1.4 Ultrasonic imaging 1.3.2.1.5 Sonic logging-while-drilling 1.3.3 Supramolecular assembly solutions in unconventional oil and gas recovery 1.3.3.1 Currently available viscosity modifiers and challenges 1.3.3.2 Structure and dynamics of supramolecular gels 1.3.3.3 Rheological properties of supramolecular gels 1.3.3.4 Recent research efforts and selection criteria 1.3.3.5 Visual observation of pH- and T-responsive gelation behavior 1.4 Conclusion References Chapter-Five---Advanced-materials-fo_2021_Sustainable-Materials-for-Transiti five Advanced materials for next-generation fuel cells 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Fuel cells 5.2.1 Fuel cells versus batteries and heat engines 5.2.2 Hydrogen 5.2.3 Platinum (Pt) and electrochemistry 5.2.4 Carbon as a catalyst support 5.2.5 Types of fuel cells 5.2.5.1 Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells 5.2.5.1.1 Limitations of traditional PEM fuel cell electrodes 5.2.5.1.2 Polarization curve of PEM fuel cells 5.2.5.2 Microbial fuel cells 5.2.5.3 Alkaline fuel cells 5.2.5.4 Phosphoric acid fuel cell 5.2.5.5 Solid oxide fuel cell 5.2.5.6 Protonic ceramic fuel cells 5.3 Mechanism and kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction 5.4 Nanostructures materials for fuel cells 5.4.1 Nanoparticle materials 5.4.2 Nanoframes materials 5.4.3 Nanorod materials 5.4.4 Core-shell materials 5.5 Simulations/computational works 5.6 Fuel cell applications 5.6.1 PEM fuel cells 5.6.1.1 Transportation applications 5.6.1.2 Stationary applications 5.6.2 AFC 5.6.3 PAFC 5.6.4 MCFC 5.6.5 SOFC 5.7 Future works 5.7.1 Future work water management improvement 5.7.2 Cathode catalyst mass activity gain 5.7.3 MEA integration 5.7.4 Stack testing 5.8 Conclusion References Chapter-Two---Advanced-materials-for-_2021_Sustainable-Materials-for-Transit two Advanced materials for geothermal energy applications 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Advanced materials for geothermal energy applications 2.2.1 Geophysical tools 2.2.1.1 Indirect surveys 2.2.1.1.1 Seismic surveys 2.2.1.1.2 Magnetic surveys 2.2.1.1.3 Gravimetric surveys 2.2.1.2 Direct surveys 2.2.1.2.1 Electrical surveys Direct current surveys Induction surveys Frequency domain electromagnetic surveys 2.2.1.2.2 Thermal surveys 2.2.2 Advanced well-logging and measurement applications in geothermal fields 2.2.3 Pressure/temperature sensors and monitoring materials 2.2.3.1 Fiber Optic Sensors 2.2.3.2 Distributed Temperature Sensing Systems and Distributed Thermal Perturbation Sensor 2.2.3.3 Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing 2.2.3.4 Airborne imaging with technological devices and vehicles 2.2.3.5 Spaceborne imaging and remote sensing 2.2.3.6 Tracers 2.2.4 Advanced drilling fluids and applications in geothermal fields 2.2.5 Advanced coating and composites in geothermal systems 2.2.6 Advanced cement applications in geothermal fields 2.2.6.1 Foam cements 2.2.6.2 Phosphate bonded cement 2.2.6.3 Self-healing cements 2.2.6.4 CO2 resistant cement 2.3 Advanced materials used in geothermal heat transfer and conversion 2.3.1 Geothermal heat pumps and exchangers 2.3.1.1 Ground-source heat pumps 2.3.1.1.1 Principles and thermodynamics of the heat pumps 2.3.1.1.2 Basic components of heat pump 2.3.1.2 Geothermal heat exchangers 2.3.1.2.1 Heat transfer in heat exchanger 2.3.1.2.2 Types of heat exchanger Direct exchange Open-loop Closed loop 2.3.1.3 Hybrid ground-source heat pump systems 2.3.1.4 Nanofluids 2.3.1.4.1 Properties of nanofluids Density of nanofluids Thermal conductivity of nanofluids Specific heat capacity of nanofluids Viscosity of nanofluids 2.3.1.4.2 Nanofluid applications 2.3.2 Geothermal energy conversion 2.3.2.1 Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) 2.3.2.2 Thermoelectric applications in conversion of geothermal energy 2.3.2.2.1 Thermoelectric materials 2.3.2.2.2 Thermoelectric applications 2.4 Conclusions References Chapter-Three---Functional-green-based-nanoma_2021_Sustainable-Materials-for three Functional green-based nanomaterials towards sustainable carbon capture and sequestration 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Chemically modified halloysite nanotubes for CO2 capture 3.2.1 Introduction to halloysite nanotubes 3.2.2 Modification of halloysite nanotubes for CO2 capture applications 3.2.3 CO2 adsorption/desorption studies 3.3 Functionalized nanofibrillated cellulose 3.3.1 Classification and characterization of nanocellulose 3.3.2 Mechanical processing of nanofibrillated celluloses 3.3.2.1 High-pressure homogenization 3.3.2.2 Microfluidization 3.3.2.3 Grinding 3.3.2.4 Pretreatment of fibers 3.3.3 Chemical modification and characterization of nanofibrillated celluloses for CO2 capture 3.3.4 CO2 adsorption and desorption studies 3.4 Enzyme immobilized on bioinspired nanosorbents 3.4.1 Application of carbonic anhydrase in CO2 sequestration 3.4.2 Enzyme immobilization on bioinspired silica 3.4.2.1 Enzyme activity, retention and immobilization efficiency 3.4.2.2 Thermal and pH stability 3.4.2.3 Reusability of enzyme immobilized bioinspired silica 3.4.2.4 CO2 sequestration 3.4.3 Bioinspired silk protein hydrogels with encapsulated carbonic anhydrase 3.5 Green metal-organic frameworks 3.5.1 Introduction to metal-organic frameworks 3.5.2 Thermal, chemical, and mechanical properties of metal-organic frameworks 3.5.3 Functionalization of metal-organic frameworks for improved CO2 capture and storage 3.5.4 Green metal-organic frameworks 3.6 Bio-derived porous carbons 3.6.1 Introduction 3.6.2 Synthesis of biomass derived porous carbons 3.6.2.1 Carbonization 3.6.2.2 Activation of porous carbons 3.6.3 Carbon dioxide adsorption studies 3.7 Conclusion and outlook References Chapter-Four---Nanocatalysts-and-senso_2021_Sustainable-Materials-for-Transi four Nanocatalysts and sensors in coal gasification process 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The importance of coal gasification in terms of fossil fuels 4.3 Types of coal gasification process 4.3.1 Above-ground coal gasification 4.3.2 Underground gasification 4.4 Nanocatalysts and sensors use in the process 4.4.1 Catalysts in gasification process and syngas production 4.4.2 Purification of syngas 4.4.3 Advanced product synthesis from syngas References Index_2021_Sustainable-Materials-for-Transitional-and-Alternative-Energy Index