Strengthening Integrity and Fig - OECD

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Table of contents Acronyms Executive Summary INTES and Report Rationale: Linking Integrity, Outcomes and Corruption Background Assessment methodology About this report Chapter 1. Overview Serbian education and its integrity context The education system Reform impetus The general integrity climate Existing evidence on corruption in Serbian education Chapter 2. Fair Access to Education Area of integrity concern #1: access and success in higher education Factors driving demand Factors creating opportunity Chapter 3. Better Quality of Education Area of integrity concern #2: quality of teaching and learning in school Factors driving demand Factors creating opportunity Chapter 4. Staff Policies and Management of Resources Area of integrity concern #3: school management and operation: revenues Factors driving demand Factors creating opportunity Area of integrity concern #4: hiring and firing of staff Salary, career structure and attractiveness of the profession Entering the profession: staff selection and appointment Keeping the job: redundant teachers The school leadership: (re-)appointment of principals Chapter 5. Capacity For Prevention and Detection Prevention and detection capacity in the education sector Data and information Transparency of budget formulation Public procurement and textbooks Accountability of higher education institutions Integrity of standard-setting and quality assurance bodies Codes of professional conduct Stakeholder engagement in the governance of education institutions National anti-corruption framework: how fit is it for the education sector? Criminalisation of corruption in education Detection and prevention: specialised bodies and mechanisms Recommendations and Follow-Up Chapter 6. Recommendations and Follow-Up Addressing demand for fairer access to education (Chapter 2) Access to higher education Access to financial support Assessment and academic standards Addressing demand for better quality of education (Chapter 3) Curriculum and learning time Quality of teaching Private tutoring School inspections Addressing demand for better management and staff policies (Chapter 4) School management and operation Staff policies Closing opportunity gaps: strengthening prevention and detection capacity (Chapter 5) Data and transparency Textbooks Higher education accountability Integrity of standard-setting bodies Codes of professional conduct Stakeholder engagement in the governance of education institutions National anti-corruption framework Next steps Conclusion Annex A. Summary of Main Recommendations for a Follow-up Annex B. Follow-up Measures of the Serbian Authorities Undertaken After the INTES Assessment Staff policies Careers School leadership Codes of conduct Hiring of staff Addressing demand for better quality of education Curriculum and learning time VET modernisation Quality of teaching School inspections Addressing demand for access to education End-of-year and admission exams Higher education Pre-school coverage Inclusion of children with disabilities and from vulnerable groups Other initiatives Annex C. Preliminary Integrity Scan (PRINTS) of the Serbian Education System: approach and Results 1 PRINTS: quantitative section (QNS) Interpretation limits The OECD average The PRINTS method Pilot selection and application of indicators for PRINTS PRINTS: qualitative section (QLS) PRINTS QLS Level I – System level demand analysis PRINTS QLS Level II – Prevention and detection framework PRINTS QLS: INTES Data and information grid with responses from the Serbian authorities Annex D. Indicators on Private Tutoring in European Union Countries Box 2.1 Higher education in an era of booming enrolments and tightening belts Box 2.2 The organisation of faculty entrance examinations Box 2.3 Admissions to tertiary education: international practice Box 3.1 Lack of confidence in inspectors Box 4.1 Recruitment of principals – two cases Figure 0.1. The vicious circle of corruption in education Figure 1.1. Overview of the education system of Serbia Figure 1.2. Complaints and requests to MoES by beneficiaries, by type and frequency, December 2010-December 2011 Figure 1.3. Complaints and requests to MoES by education staff, by type and frequency, December 2010-December 2011 Figure 2.1. Growth rates in tertiary education, 2007-09 Figure 3.1. Share of students that attend either enrichment or remedial lessons in any of the three subjects, for selected countries Figure 3.2. Share of students attending out-of-school lessons in Serbian, mathematics and science Figure 3.3. Share of students attending one-to-one lessons with non-school teachers for selected countries, by quarter of the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status Figure 3.4. Share of students attending out-of-school lessons, by subject and type of lesson Figure 4.1. Distribution of annual public and private expenditure in primary and secondary education in Serbia (2007) and OECD countries (2008) Figure 4.2. Teacher salaries and career progression in Serbia (2010) and selected OECD countries (2008) Figure 4.3. Ratio of all students that want to become teachers to students in the top quarter of reading performance, PISA 2006 Figure 5.1. Frequency of complaints and information requests to the MoES via the web Figure C.1. Standard indicator selection and interpretation process Figure C.2. Serbia: integrity PRINTS for access/equity Figure C.3. Mean reading score in PISA 2009 and perceptions of corruption Figure C.4. Serbia: integrity PRINTS for quality Figure C.5. Serbia: integrity PRINTS for staff and resources Table 2.1. Education levels of the working-age population (%) Table 2.2. Average annual tuition fees relative to GDP per capita, 2008 (OECD) and 2009 (Serbia) Table 3.1. Household expenditure on primary and secondary education, 2006/07 Table 4.1. Composition of local government expenditure by function: 2007, 2009 (in 2009 RSD) Table 4.2. Variation in local per-class investment, primary education: Table 4.3. School buildings in Serbia by year of construction (share of total) Table 4.4. Sources of private investment in primary and secondary education, 2006/07, excluding private tutoring Table 4.5. Overview of funding sources, school accounts and reporting of schools, 2012 Table 4.6. Career advancement categories and corresponding salary increases by proposing group, 2011 Table 5.1. Subject matter of complaints by complainants and addressees as stipulated in the Law on the Foundations of the Education System Table B.1. Pre-school coverage in Serbia, 2007-11 Table C.1. Serbia: sample of integrity PRINTS for pre-university access Table C.2. Integrity relationships: pilot selection on access Table C.3. Integrity relationships: pilot selection on quality Table C.4. Integrity relationships: pilot selection on staff and resource management Table C.5. Overview: data and information Grid, Level I, Version 1 Table C.6. Overview: data and information Grid, Level II, Version 1 Table C.7. Data and information grid: Serbia, 2011 Supplementary Table 1. Data on inclusion of children with special educational needs (2010/2011) Supplementary Table 2. Study scholarships and loans Supplementary Table 3. Average teacher/student ratio in different types of schools