Radiation Heat Transfer Modelling with Computational Fluid Dynamics

Description

This book serves as a preliminary reference for the principles of thermal radiation and its modelling in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Radiation Heat Transfer Modelling with Computational Fluid Dynamics covers strategies and processes for synthesizing radiation with CFD setups, computational techniques for solving the radiative transfer equation, the strengths and weaknesses thereof, boundary and initial conditions and relevant guidelines. Describing the strategic planning of a typical project, the book includes the spectroscopic properties of gases, some particulates and porous media. FEATURES Fills a gap between existing CFD and thermal radiation textbooks and elaborates on some aspects of user manuals. Aims at (1) CFD practitioners who are newcomers to thermal radiation and are looking for a preliminary introduction thereon and (2) modellers familiar with thermal radiation looking for a precursory introduction to CFD. The book is tilted somewhat towards the first group. Provides guidelines for choosing the right model, the strategic planning of the modelling and its implementation. Outlines the pitfalls of some solution techniques. Describes how radiation is included in the variety of boundary condition types offered by CFD codes. Helps to develop the practical skills required to plan, implement and interpret thermal radiation within the typical CFD code. Addresses a wide variety of physical circumstances in which thermal radiation plays a role. Offers ample references for readers searching for additional details. Includes several examples of practical applications, including fire, a utility boiler and car headlights in cold environments. This book is intended for researchers and professionals who wish to simulate problems that involve fluid flow and heat transfer with thermal radiation. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents List of Figures List of Tables Preface Acknowledgements Disclaimer Author List of Symbols Greek Subscripts and Superscripts Acronyms Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: A Brief Outline of CFD 2.1 Preliminaries 2.2 Governing Equations 2.3 Geometry and Meshing 2.4 More Physics 2.5 Numerics 2.6 Problem Size Chapter 3: Outline of a Typical Process for CFD Analysis with Radiation Chapter 4: Fundamentals of Thermal Radiation 4.1 Basics 4.1.1 Electromagnetic Spectrum 4.1.2 Black Bodies, Surface Behaviour, and Radiosity 4.1.3 Speed of Light and Refractive Index 4.1.4 Shape Factors 4.1.5 Introduction to the Electrical Analogy 4.1.6 Radiation Intensity 4.1.7 Radiative Flux 4.1.8 Diffusion, Anisotropy and Collimation 4.1.9 Interfaces and Refraction 4.1.10 Scattering 4.1.11 The Meaning of ‘Incident’ and ‘Mean’ Radiation or Intensity 4.1.12 Mean Radiant Temperature 4.2 Introduction to the Radiative Transfer Equation and Opacity 4.3 Estimation of a Characteristic Opacity, and Dimensionless Groups 4.4 Coupling between Flow and Radiation 4.4.1 Coupling between Radiation and Turbulence 4.5 Equilibrium or Non-Equilibrium? 4.6 The Meaning of ‘Semi-Transparent’ 4.7 Semi-Transparent Slabs, Windows, Solar Radiation Chapter 5: Modelling 5.1 Boundary Conditions 5.1.1 Opaque Walls 5.1.2 Collimated Radiation 5.1.3 Semi-Transparent Boundaries (Windows) 5.1.4 Inlets, Outlets and Openings 5.1.5 Symmetry Planes 5.2 Initial Conditions 5.3 Spectroscopic Properties 5.3.1 Overview 5.3.2 Global Models 5.3.2.1 Grey Models 5.3.2.2 Weighted Grey Gas Models (WSGG) 5.3.2.3 Full-Spectrum k-Distribution (FSK) 5.3.3 Band Models 5.3.3.1 Wide Band Models 5.3.3.2 Narrow-Band Models (NBM) 5.3.4 Line-by-Line Models (LBLM) 5.3.5 Summary of Pros and Cons of the Property Models 5.3.6 Porous Media 5.3.7 Particulates 5.4 Solution Techniques 5.4.1 Transparent Media 5.4.2 Participating Media 5.4.2.1 Rosseland 5.4.2.2 Schuster–Schwatzchild 5.4.2.3 Zonal 5.4.2.4 Finite Volume (FV) 5.4.2.5 Spherical Harmonics ( P N) 5.4.2.6 Discrete Ordinates (S N) 5.4.2.7 Discrete Transfer (DT) 5.4.2.8 Monte Carlo (MC) 5.4.2.9 Hybrid Methods 5.4.2.10 Scattering Capabilities 5.4.2.11 Examples of Some Pitfalls 5.4.2.11.1 Ray Effects 5.4.2.11.2 False Scattering 5.4.2.11.3 Other Issues 5.4.3 Comparisons of the RTE Solution Methods 5.5 Estimation of Irradiation at Sub-Grid Objects in a CFD Simulation 5.6 Computational Meshes Chapter 6: Quality Assurance Chapter 7: Examples 7.1 Utility Boiler 7.2 Forensic Investigation of a Furniture Store Fire 7.3 Sensitivity Tests of Grey Gas Models for Pool Fires 7.3.1 Physical and Numerical Modelling 7.3.2 Results and Discussion 7.3.2.1 Closed Compartment 7.3.2.2 Open Environment 7.3.2.3 Vented Compartment 7.3.3 Final Remarks 7.4 Headlight Appendix A: Dimensionless Groups Dimensionless Groups Appendix B: The Electrical Analogy The Electrical Analogy Appendix C: Fresnel’s Equations Fresnel’s Equations Appendix D: Spherical Coordinates, and More on Scattering Spherical Coordinates, and More on Scattering Appendix E: Exact Closed-Form Solution For An Infinite, Plane, Grey, Homogeneous, Absorbing-Emitting Slab Between Two Plates With Different Temperatures And Emissivities Exact Closed-Form Solution For An Infinite, Plane, Grey, Homogeneous, Absorbing-Emitting Slab Between Two PlatesWith Different Temperatures And Emissivities Appendix F: Exact Closed-Form Solution For An Infinite, Plane, Grey, Absorbing-Emitting Slab In Radiative Equilibrium Between Two Plates With Different Temperatures And Emissivities Exact Closed-Form Solution For An Infinite, Plane, Grey, Absorbing-Emitting Slab In Radiative Equilibrium BetweenTwo Plates With Different Temperatures And Emissivities Appendix G: The Williams Theory For An Infinite, Plane, Grey, Homogeneous, Absorbing-Emitting, Isotropically Scattering Slab Between Two Plates With Different Temperatures And Emissivities The Williams Theory For An Infinite, Plane, Grey, Homogeneous, Absorbing-Emitting, Isotropically Scattering Slab BetweenTwo Plates With Different Temperatures And Emissivities Appendix H: Optically Thick Limit Of The Williams Theory For A Grey, Absorbing-Emitting And Scattering Slab Optically Thick Limit Of The Williams Theory For A Grey, Absorbing-Emitting And Scattering Slab Appendix I: Integrated Form Of The Radiative Transfer Equation Integrated Form Of The Radiative Transfer Equation Appendix J: Saturated Vapour Pressure Of Water Saturated Vapour Pressure Of Water Appendix K: A Steady-State 1-D Boundary Condition For Single and Double Semi-Transparent Slabs A Steady-State 1-D Boundary Condition For Single andDouble Semi-Transparent Slabs References Index