Measurement and instrumentation in engineering: principles and basic laboratory experiments

Description

Content: Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Preface Table of Contents 1: THE PLACE OF MEASUIEMENT, INSTNIMENTATION, AND LABORATORY 1-1. Introduction 1-2. Significance of Measurement and Instrumentation 1-3. Measuring Systems A. The Transducer and Its Environment: An Overview B. The Nature of Measurement: a Design Problem C. Functional Stages of Measuring Systems D. The Sensing Process E. Examples of Typical Sensors 1-4. The Measurement Problem A. Valid Measurements B. Measuring Systems 1-5. The Instrumentation Problem 1-6. The Laboratory Problem A. ExperimentationB. Goals and Implementation C. Laboratory Exercises 1-7. Reports 1-8. Nomenclature 1-9. Units and Standards A. Units B. Standards Problems References 2: TRANSDUCERS 2-1. Physical Laws A. First-Order Effects: Signal/Noise Ratio B. Second-order and Irreversible Effects 2-2. Static Characteristics A. Obtaining a Static Characteristic Curve B. Linear Characteristics C. Common Nonlinearities D. Effects of Noniinearities E. Linearization 2-3. Transducer Types and Modeling A. Information Models B. Energy Models C. Incremental Models 2-4. Calibration 2-5. Errors in MeasurementsA. Accuracy, Precision, Uncertainty, Mistakes B. Systematic and Random Errors C. Engineering Data 2-6. Uncertainty Analysis A. Overall Uncertainty B. Estimation for Design C. Selection of Alternative Test Methods Problems References Suggested Readings 3: STRUCTURE OF MEASURING SYSTEMS 3-1. Methods of Measurement A. Null-balance Method B. Unbalance Method C. Differential Method D. Inferential and Comparative Measurements 3-2. Comparison of Methods of Measurement 3-3. Interaction Between Components A. Concept of Impedance B. One-port Devices C. Two-port DevicesD. Three-port Devices: Amplifiers 3-4. Bridge Circuits A. Null Balance Systems B. Unbalance and Differential Systems 3-5. Basic Transducer Circuits A. Ideal Power Sources B. Nonideal Power Sources 3-6. Systems with Feedback A. System Description B. Effects On Characteristics of Components C. Effects On System Performance 3-7. Methods of Noise Reduction A. Noise Reduction At the Interface B. Noise Reduction By Insensitivity 3-8. Noise Documentation Problems References 4: DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF INSTRUMENTS 4-1. Introduction 4-2. Modeling 4-3. Time Response of InstrumentsA. Test Signals B. Zero-order Instruments C. First-order Instruments D. Second-order Instruments 4-4. Analog Data: Errors and Corrections A. Requirements for Adequate Response B. Dynamic Errors C. Corrections for Analog Data 4-5. Limitations of Time-domain Analysis 4-6. Frequency Response of Instruments A. Elementary Transfer Functions B. Bode Plots of General Transfer Functions C. Dynamic Compensation 4-7. Response To Periodic Signals A. Fourier Spectrum B. Response To Periodic Signais 4-8. Response To Transient Signals