Understanding Distributed Systems - 2nd Edition

Description

Copyright About the author Acknowledgements Preface Introduction Communication Coordination Scalability Resiliency Maintainability Anatomy of a distributed system I Communication Reliable links Reliability Connection lifecycle Flow control Congestion control Custom protocols Secure links Encryption Authentication Integrity Handshake Discovery APIs HTTP Resources Request methods Response status codes OpenAPI Evolution Idempotency II Coordination System models Failure detection Time Physical clocks Logical clocks Vector clocks Leader election Raft leader election Practical considerations Replication State machine replication Consensus Consistency models Chain replication Coordination avoidance Broadcast protocols Conflict-free replicated data types Dynamo-style data stores The CALM theorem Causal consistency Practical considerations Transactions ACID Isolation Atomicity NewSQL Asynchronous transactions Outbox pattern Sagas Isolation III Scalability HTTP caching Reverse proxies Content delivery networks Overlay network Caching Partitioning Range partitioning Hash partitioning File storage Blob storage architecture Network load balancing DNS load balancing Transport layer load balancing Application layer load balancing Data storage Replication Partitioning NoSQL Caching Policies Local cache External cache Microservices Caveats API gateway Control planes and data planes Scale imbalance Control theory Messaging Guarantees Exactly-once processing Failures Backlogs Fault isolation IV Resiliency Common failure causes Hardware faults Incorrect error handling Configuration changes Single points of failure Network faults Resource leaks Load pressure Cascading failures Managing risk Redundancy Correlation Fault isolation Shuffle sharding Cellular architecture Downstream resiliency Timeout Retry Circuit breaker Upstream resiliency Load shedding Load leveling Rate-limiting Constant work V Maintainability Testing Scope Size Practical considerations Formal verification Continuous delivery and deployment Review and build Pre-production Production Rollbacks Monitoring Metrics Service-level indicators Service-level objectives Alerts Dashboards Being on call Observability Logs Traces Putting it all together Manageability Final words