Advanced Energy Technologies and Systems I

Description

This book focuses on modern technologies and systems for solving problems in the energy sector. It is shown that bioenergy is one of the promising areas of energy development. The book collected the experience of scientists from many countries in the research of renewable energy. The advantages of renewable energy are general availability, renewability, environmental friendliness. The analysis carried out by the authors shows the current state of renewable energy in the world, its trends and prospects. New measuring systems are presented, which can become the basis for measuring the thermal characteristics of various types of fuels, including biofuels, insulating materials, enclosing structures, etc. System for monitoring of grainy biomass comminution with the use of genetic algorithms has been presented and described. New technologies for the construction of power plants based on renewable energy sources have been proposed and investigated. Preface Contents 1 Information Measurement System for Thermal Conductivity Studying Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Principle of Operation 3 Information Measurement System Design 4 Information Measurement System Software 5 System Calibration and Verification Errors of the Thermal Conductivity Measuring in the Operating Temperature Range 6 Methodology for Low Conductivity Materials Studying 7 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 2 Approaching a LFR Direct Steam Generation Power Plant Towards an Endoreversible Heat Engine Abstract 1 Introduction 1.1 Linear Fresnel Reflector 1.2 Direct Steam Generation in CSP 2 Proposal of a Conceptual DSG CSP 2.1 Solar Field: Linear Fresnel Reflector Description 2.2 Power Block 3 Thermo-hydraulic Model of the CSP Plants 3.1 Assumptions and Considerations 3.2 LFR Solar Field 3.3 Power Block 3.4 Results of the Thermo-hydraulic Model 3.5 Endoreversible Thermodynamics Comparison 4 Conclusions References 3 Intelligent Control and Monitoring of Biomass Comminution Process with the Use of Genetic Algorithms Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Issues of Artificial Intelligence and Machines’ Learning 2.1 Basics of Artificial Intelligence 2.2 Characteristics of Learning Systems 3 Application of Intelligent Control and Regulation Systems in Grinding Systems 4 Integration of Grinding System Modules as a Condition of Effective Monitoring and Control 5 Genetic Algorithm for Minimization of Energy Consumption and Emissivity of Grinding 5.1 Structure of the Developed Genetic Algorithm 5.2 Creation of a Control System for a Five-Disc Grinder by Means of Genetic Algorithm 6 Summary Acknowledgements References 4 Advances in Lignocellulosic Biomass Pretreatment Strategies Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Recalcitrant Structure of Lignocellulosic Biomass (LCB) 3 Methods Employed for Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass 3.1 Physical Methods 3.2 Chemical Methods 3.3 Physico-chemical Methods 3.4 Biological Methods References 5 Alternative Vehicle Fuels Management: Energy, Environmental and Economic Aspects Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Reserves of Fossil Fuels 4 Overall Trends in the Crude Oil Market 5 Greenhouse Gas Emission Caused by Land Transport 6 Alternative Vehicle Fuels 7 Alternative Vehicle Fuels: Carbon Dioxide Emissions 8 Energy Indicators for Fuels 9 Economical Indicators 9.1 Fuel Energy Costs 9.2 Fuel Economy 10 Conclusions References