The Practice of Interventional Radiology
Book information
Description
Cover......Page 1 Frontmatter......Page 2 Copyright......Page 3 Dedication......Page 4 Contributors......Page 5 Preface......Page 6 Acknowledgments......Page 8 Core Cases in Interventional Radiology......Page 9 Pathogenesis of vascular diseases......Page 12 Normal structure......Page 14 Functional disorders......Page 15 Atherosclerosis......Page 16 Neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis......Page 17 Thrombosis......Page 18 Thrombophilia......Page 19 Aneurysms and arterial dilation......Page 22 Dissection......Page 25 Vasculitis......Page 26 Noninflammatory vasculopathies......Page 29 Neoplasms......Page 30 Arteriovenous communications......Page 31 Vascular injury......Page 35 Acute venous thromboembolic disease......Page 36 Neointimal hyperplasia......Page 38 Extrinsic compression......Page 39 References......Page 40 History and physical examination......Page 43 Informed consent......Page 44 Coagulation parameters......Page 46 Medications......Page 47 Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy......Page 48 Correction of coagulopathies......Page 49 Sedation and analgesia......Page 50 Reaction to sedatives and analgesics......Page 51 Bleeding......Page 52 Sepsis......Page 53 Management of acute complications......Page 54 References......Page 55 Retrograde femoral artery catheterization (online video 3-2)......Page 58 Brachial artery catheterization......Page 60 Internal jugular vein catheterization (online video 3-5)......Page 61 Arterial closure devices (online video 3-6)......Page 62 Complications......Page 63 Treatment of postcatheterization pseudoaneurysms and arteriovenous fistulas......Page 65 Catheters and guidewires (online videos 3-1 and 3-7 to 3-9)......Page 66 Pressure measurements......Page 67 Contrast agents......Page 69 Antithrombin agents......Page 71 Mechanism of action......Page 72 Technique (online video 3-11)......Page 73 Patient and stent selection......Page 76 Thrombolytic agents......Page 79 Technique......Page 80 Results and complications......Page 81 Mechanical thrombectomy......Page 83 Patient selection......Page 84 Materials and technique......Page 85 References......Page 89 Materials......Page 95 Imaging guidance......Page 96 Sonography......Page 97 Computed tomography......Page 98 Magnetic resonance imaging......Page 100 Two-needle technique......Page 101 Specimen handling......Page 102 Technique......Page 103 Results......Page 104 Complications......Page 105 Technique......Page 106 Complications......Page 107 Technique......Page 108 Pancreas......Page 109 Results and complications......Page 110 Other abdominal and pelvic sites (online case 30)......Page 111 Patient selection......Page 112 Results and complications......Page 113 References......Page 114 Imaging guidance and access......Page 117 Catheter insertion......Page 118 Clinical management: postprocedure imaging, catheter manipulation and removal......Page 122 Results and complications......Page 123 Chest......Page 124 Liver (online case 75)......Page 127 Pancreas......Page 129 Lower abdomen and pelvis (online cases 10, 20, and 50)......Page 131 Sclerotherapy of lymphoceles and cysts (online case 15)......Page 132 Musculoskeletal system......Page 133 References......Page 135 Thoracic aorta......Page 138 Normal anatomy......Page 140 Variant anatomy (online cases 1 and 73)......Page 141 Atherosclerosis......Page 143 Clinical features......Page 144 Endovascular therapy......Page 145 Etiology......Page 146 Computed tomography......Page 148 Catheter angiography......Page 149 Endovascular therapy......Page 150 Etiology and natural history......Page 152 Catheter aortography......Page 153 Endovascular therapy......Page 156 Vasculitis......Page 157 Noninflammatory vasculopathies (online case 62)......Page 158 Infectious aortitis and aerodigestive fistulas......Page 159 Penetrating aortic ulcer (online case 95)......Page 160 Coarctation of the aorta (online case 27)......Page 162 References......Page 164 Normal anatomy......Page 167 Collateral circulation......Page 169 Etiology......Page 170 Clinical features......Page 171 Computed tomography......Page 172 Treatment......Page 173 Patient selection......Page 174 Technique......Page 175 Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair......Page 176 Evar technique......Page 177 Follow-up imaging and secondary procedures......Page 178 Imaging......Page 184 Endovascular therapy......Page 185 Inflammatory aortic aneurysms (online case 53)......Page 186 Infectious aortic aneurysms......Page 188 Trauma......Page 189 Vasculitis and vasculopathy......Page 190 References......Page 191 Development......Page 196 Variant anatomy (online case 102)......Page 199 Etiology......Page 200 Natural history......Page 205 Magnetic resonance angiography......Page 206 Computed tomography angiography......Page 208 Catheter angiography......Page 209 Patient selection......Page 214 Aortic occlusion and severe aortoiliac occlusive disease (tasc c and d lesions)......Page 218 Iliac artery stenosis (tasc a-d lesions)......Page 219 Iliac artery occlusion (tasc type b-d)......Page 221 Femoropopliteal artery stenosis (tasc types a and b)......Page 223 Femoropopliteal artery occlusion (tasc c and d lesions)......Page 226 Tibial artery obstruction......Page 228 Surgical therapy......Page 229 Etiology......Page 230 Clinical features......Page 231 Catheter angiography......Page 232 Treatment......Page 233 Technique......Page 234 Results......Page 235 Etiology and clinical features......Page 237 Cross-sectional techniques......Page 239 Etiology......Page 240 Clinical features......Page 241 Catheter angiography......Page 242 Endovascular therapy......Page 243 Endovascular therapy......Page 247 Imaging......Page 249 Vasculitis and mimics (online case 74)......Page 251 Arteriovenous communications......Page 254 Popliteal artery disorders (online case 70)......Page 256 Iliac artery endofibrosis......Page 259 Neoplasms......Page 261 References......Page 262 Development......Page 270 Normal anatomy......Page 271 Collateral circulation......Page 273 Clinical features......Page 274 Treatment......Page 275 Etiology......Page 277 Imaging......Page 278 Etiology......Page 279 Etiology......Page 280 Clinical features......Page 281 Medical/surgical therapy......Page 282 Etiology and clinical features......Page 283 Sonography......Page 284 Endovascular therapy......Page 285 Etiology and clinical features......Page 286 Imaging and treatment......Page 287 Vasculitis and vasculopathies......Page 288 Arteriovenous communications......Page 289 References......Page 291 Renal arteries and veins......Page 296 Normal anatomy......Page 298 Variant anatomy (online cases 4 and 31)......Page 299 Collateral circulation......Page 300 Etiology and natural history......Page 301 Color doppler sonography......Page 304 Computed tomography and magnetic resonance angiography......Page 305 Renal artery stent placement......Page 307 Patient selection......Page 308 Technique (see fig. 10-14)......Page 309 Results......Page 310 Technique......Page 311 Etiology and clinical features......Page 312 Endovascular therapy......Page 313 Etiology......Page 314 Sonography......Page 315 Catheter angiography......Page 316 Cross-sectional imaging......Page 317 Etiology......Page 318 Clinical features......Page 319 Catheter angiography......Page 320 Treatment......Page 321 Endovascular therapy......Page 322 Miscellaneous conditions......Page 323 Aneurysms (online case 110)......Page 324 Arteriovenous fistulas and malformations (online case 87)......Page 326 Renal vein thrombosis......Page 327 Renal vein varices (online case 107)......Page 329 References......Page 330 Development......Page 336 Normal anatomy......Page 337 Collateral circulation......Page 339 Etiology......Page 343 Surgical therapy......Page 344 Etiology and clinical features......Page 345 Treatment......Page 346 Acute gastrointestinal bleeding (online cases 32 and 103)......Page 347 Etiology......Page 348 Clinical features......Page 349 Radionuclide scanning......Page 350 Catheter angiography......Page 351 Vasopressin infusion therapy......Page 352 Embolization......Page 353 Results......Page 354 Chronic and occult gastrointestinal bleeding (online case 77)......Page 355 Celiac artery compression (median arcuate ligament) syndrome (online case 46)......Page 357 Vasculitis......Page 358 Trauma......Page 359 Coarctation syndromes......Page 360 References......Page 363 Liver......Page 367 Variant anatomy......Page 370 Etiology......Page 373 Clinical features......Page 375 Hepatic venography......Page 376 Arteriography and indirect portography......Page 377 Splenoportography......Page 378 Technique......Page 379 Results and complications......Page 380 Treatment......Page 381 Patient selection......Page 383 Technique......Page 385 Early results......Page 391 Late results......Page 392 Surveillance and shunt management......Page 393 Clinical features......Page 394 Medical therapy......Page 396 Endovascular therapy......Page 397 Cross-sectional techniques......Page 398 Endovascular therapy......Page 399 Catheter angiography......Page 400 Vascular complications after liver transplantation (online cases 55 and 106)......Page 401 Hepatic artery thrombosis......Page 404 Hemangiomas and other benign liver tumors (online case 89)......Page 406 Obstructive arterial diseases......Page 409 Aneurysms (online cases 7 and 47)......Page 411 Hypersplenism......Page 413 References......Page 416 Etiology and clinical features......Page 423 Treatment......Page 424 Catheter angiography......Page 425 Etiology and clinical features......Page 426 Pancreas transplant complications......Page 427 Aneurysms......Page 428 Arteriovenous malformations......Page 429 Anatomy......Page 430 Cushing syndrome......Page 431 Adrenogenital syndromes......Page 432 Imaging......Page 433 Anatomy......Page 435 Clinical features......Page 436 Varicocele embolization......Page 437 Etiology......Page 438 Clinical features......Page 439 Treatment......Page 440 Results......Page 441 Complications......Page 442 Pelvic congestion syndrome (online case 34)......Page 443 Obstetric and gynecologic bleeding (online case 104)......Page 444 Gynecologic tumors......Page 445 References......Page 446 Pulmonary and bronchial arteries......Page 452 Pulmonary arteriography (video 14-1)......Page 454 Normal pulmonary vascular anatomy and physiology......Page 457 Normal bronchial artery anatomy......Page 460 Variant anatomy......Page 461 Etiology and natural history......Page 462 Computed tomography angiography......Page 463 Lower extremity duplex sonography......Page 465 Medical therapy......Page 466 Clinical features......Page 468 Technique......Page 469 Complications......Page 471 Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (ctph) (online case 100)......Page 473 Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension......Page 474 Aneurysms......Page 475 Arteriovenous malformations (online case 48)......Page 476 Inflammatory diseases and neoplasms......Page 480 References......Page 481 Normal anatomy and physiology......Page 487 Variant anatomy......Page 490 Etiology and natural history......Page 491 Diagnosis......Page 493 Sonography......Page 494 Ascending venography......Page 495 Patient selection......Page 496 Technique......Page 497 Complications......Page 499 Clinical features......Page 500 Treatment......Page 501 Endovascular therapy......Page 502 Imaging......Page 503 Iliofemoral venous stenoses......Page 504 Venous malformations......Page 506 References......Page 507 Normal anatomy (online case 11)......Page 512 Variant anatomy (online cases 49 and 71)......Page 513 Inferior vena cava filter placement for venous thromboembolic disease (online cases 23, 49, and 71 and video 16-1)......Page 515 Patient selection......Page 518 Location and number of renal veins......Page 519 Intrinsic disease......Page 520 Device selection......Page 521 Insertion technique......Page 522 Complications......Page 527 Patient selection......Page 528 Technique......Page 529 Results and complications......Page 530 Etiology and clinical features......Page 531 Medical therapy......Page 533 Etiology......Page 534 Inferior vena cava compression, stenosis, and obstruction......Page 535 Membranous obstruction......Page 536 Aortocaval fistula......Page 538 Aneurysms......Page 539 References......Page 540 Normal anatomy......Page 545 Collateral circulation......Page 546 Etiology......Page 548 Cross-sectional techniques......Page 551 Medical therapy......Page 552 Endovascular and operative therapy......Page 553 Etiology and clinical features......Page 554 Cross-sectional techniques......Page 555 Endovascular therapy......Page 556 Catheter venography......Page 559 Endovascular therapy......Page 560 References......Page 563 Vascular access placement and foreign body retrieval......Page 568 Devices......Page 570 Device selection......Page 571 Venous entry (videos 18-1 and 18-2)......Page 572 Catheter tip position (video 18-3)......Page 576 Hemodialysis and apheresis catheters......Page 577 Catheter and exit site care (video 18-7)......Page 578 Immediate complications......Page 579 Catheter malfunction (video 18-9)......Page 580 Catheter misplacement (online cases 61 and 86)......Page 582 Technique......Page 584 Results and complications......Page 585 References......Page 589 Access construction......Page 592 Etiology......Page 593 Surveillance and imaging......Page 594 Technique......Page 595 Results......Page 600 Surgical therapy......Page 601 Patient selection......Page 602 Lyse and wait method......Page 603 Mechanical thrombectomy......Page 605 Results......Page 606 Complications......Page 607 Ischemia and steal syndrome......Page 608 References......Page 609 Anatomic and technical considerations......Page 614 Patient selection and preparation......Page 617 Technique and results......Page 618 Complications......Page 621 Endovascular therapy......Page 622 Etiology and natural history......Page 623 Clinical features......Page 624 Imaging......Page 626 Patient selection......Page 627 Technique......Page 628 Etiology and clinical features......Page 629 Meningiomas......Page 630 Paragangliomas......Page 631 Etiology and clinical features......Page 632 Medical and surgical therapy......Page 633 Endovascular therapy......Page 634 Imaging......Page 635 Endovascular therapy......Page 636 Spontaneous carotid artery dissection......Page 640 References......Page 641 Gastrointestinal interventions......Page 646 Results......Page 648 Patient selection......Page 649 Technique......Page 650 Background......Page 651 Patient selection......Page 652 Technique......Page 653 Complications......Page 657 Technique......Page 658 Patient selection......Page 659 Nasojejunal tube placement......Page 661 Complications......Page 662 References......Page 664 Patient selection and preparation......Page 667 Technique......Page 668 Imaging findings......Page 670 Results and complications......Page 679 Technique......Page 680 Selection of biliary drainage route......Page 681 Patient selection......Page 683 Techniques......Page 684 Results and complications......Page 685 Biliary leaks......Page 687 Combined percutaneous, endoscopic, and operative procedures......Page 688 Technique......Page 689 Results and complications......Page 690 References......Page 691 Anatomy......Page 695 Relief of urinary obstruction......Page 696 Diversion of urine......Page 697 Contraindications......Page 698 Surgical and medical alternatives......Page 699 Procedure......Page 700 Catheter maintenance......Page 703 Complications......Page 704 Patient selection......Page 706 Technique......Page 707 Results and complications......Page 709 Technique......Page 710 Technique......Page 713 Ureteral perfusion challenge (whitaker test)......Page 714 Technique......Page 715 Technique......Page 716 Patient selection......Page 718 Urinoma......Page 719 Hematoma......Page 720 Ureteral obstruction......Page 721 Results and complications......Page 723 Renal abscess......Page 724 References......Page 725 Clinical features......Page 729 Computed tomography......Page 730 Magnetic resonance imaging......Page 731 Percutaneous therapy......Page 732 Treatment......Page 742 Clinical features......Page 743 Surgical therapy......Page 744 Liver directed therapy......Page 745 Technique......Page 746 Technique......Page 747 Osteoid osteoma......Page 748 References......Page 749
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