Stress Challenges and Immunity in Space: From Mechanisms to Monitoring and Preventive Strategies

Description

This book explains how stress – either psychological or physical – can activate and/or paralyse human innate or adaptive immunity. Adequate immunity is crucial for maintaining health, both on Earth and in space. During space flight, human physiology is specifically challenged by complex environmental stressors, which are most pronounced during lunar or interplanetary missions. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, the book identifies the impact of these stressors – the space exposome – on immunity as a result of (dys-)functions of specific cells, organs and organ networks. These conditions (e.g. gravitation changes, radiation, isolation/confinement) affect immunity, but at the same time provide insights that may help to prevent, diagnose and address immune-related health alterations. Written by experts from academia, space agencies and industry, the book is a valuable resource for professionals, researchers and students in the field of medicine, biology and technology. The chapters “The Impact of Everyday Stressors on the Immune System and Health”, “Stress and Radiation Responsiveness” and “Assessment of Radiosensitivity and Biomonitoring of Exposure to Space adiation” are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com. Front Matter ....Pages i-xvi Front Matter ....Pages 1-1 The Human Space Exploration Endeavour: A Personal View from Inside (David Parker)....Pages 3-5 Space Travel: A Personal View from Above (Thomas Reiter)....Pages 7-8 Entering a New Era of Holistic Research in Establishing Groundwork for Future Human Space Exploration: Perspectives from the ESA-Topical Team “Stress and Immunity” (Alexander Choukér, Sarah Baatout, Patrizia Campolongo, Jean-Pol Frippiat, Jay Gopalakrishnan, Ines Kaufmann et al.)....Pages 9-15 Front Matter ....Pages 17-17 What Is Stress? (Bruce S. McEwen, Ilia N. Karatsoreos)....Pages 19-42 Environmental Stress: Mitochondria as Targets and Stressors in Cellular Metabolism (Jürgen Bereiter-Hahn, Marina Jendrach)....Pages 43-70 The Impact of Everyday Stressors on the Immune System and Health (Annina Seiler, Christopher P. Fagundes, Lisa M. Christian)....Pages 71-92 Front Matter ....Pages 93-93 Neurobiological Mechanisms of Stress and Glucocorticoid Effects on Learning and Memory: Implications for Stress Disorders on Earth and in Space (Raquel V. Fornari, Amanda Aerni, Dominique J.-F. de Quervain, Benno Roozendaal)....Pages 95-122 The Autonomic Nervous System (Eleonora Tobaldini, Giorgio Colombo, Alberto Porta, Nicola Montano)....Pages 123-143 Circadian Rhythm and Stress (Mathias Steinach, Hanns-Christian Gunga)....Pages 145-179 Endocannabinoids, “New-Old” Mediators of Stress Homeostasis (Daniela Hauer, Roland Toth, Gustav Schelling)....Pages 181-204 Immune System in Space: General Introduction and Observations on Stress-Sensitive Regulations (Brian Crucian, Alexander Choukér)....Pages 205-220 Innate Immunity Under the Exposome of Space Flight (Judith-Irina Buchheim, Matthias Feuerecker, Alexander Choukér)....Pages 221-240 NK Cell Assessments: A 40-Years-Old History of Immune–Stress Interaction in Space with a Promising Future (Marina Rykova, Eugenia Antropova, Boris Morukov, Sergey Ponomarev)....Pages 241-257 Adaptive Immunity and Spaceflight (Brian Crucian, George Makedonas, Clarence Sams)....Pages 259-275 B-Cell Immunology in Space (Coralie Fonte, Jean-Pol Frippiat)....Pages 277-286 Stress, Hypoxia, and Immune Responses (Claudia Strewe, Manfred Thiel, Michail Sitkovsky, Alexander Choukér, Matthias Feuerecker)....Pages 287-299 Cellular and Molecular Responses to Gravitational Force-Triggered Stress in Cells of the Immune System (Oliver Ullrich, Cora S. Thiel)....Pages 301-325 Microbial Stress: Spaceflight-Induced Alterations in Microbial Virulence and Infectious Disease Risks for the Crew (C. Mark Ott, Aurélie Crabbé, James W. Wilson, Jennifer Barrila, Sarah L. Castro-Wallace, Cheryl A. Nickerson)....Pages 327-355 Stress, Spaceflight, and Latent Herpes Virus Reactivation (Raymond P. Stowe, Duane L. Pierson, Satish K. Mehta)....Pages 357-372 Stress and Radiation Responsiveness (Marjan Moreels, Bjorn Baselet, Olivier Van Hoey, Filip Vanhavere, Sarah Baatout)....Pages 373-404 Front Matter ....Pages 405-405 Considerations for Development and Application of Health Monitoring Tools in Space (Ines Kaufmann, Teodor Veres, Judith-Irina Buchheim, Alexander Choukér)....Pages 407-420 Psychological Monitoring (Bernd Johannes, Berna van Baarsen)....Pages 421-432 Monitoring of Autonomic Activity by Cardiovascular Variability: How to Measure? (André E. Aubert, Bart Verheyden)....Pages 433-449 Breath Gas Analysis (Michael Dolch, Siegfried Praun, Johannes Villiger, Alexander Choukér, Gustav Schelling)....Pages 451-461 Monitoring the Microbial Burden in Manned Space Stations (Rob Van Houdt, Natalie Leys)....Pages 463-475 Monitoring of Core Body Temperature in Humans (Andreas Werner, Hanns-Christian Gunga)....Pages 477-498 Flow Cytometry Methods to Monitor Immune Dysregulation Associated with Spaceflight (Brian Crucian, George Makedonas, Clarence Sams)....Pages 499-518 Assessment of Radiosensitivity and Biomonitoring of Exposure to Space Radiation (Roel Quintens, Sarah Baatout, Marjan Moreels)....Pages 519-533 Analytical Approaches to the Quantitative Evaluation of Endocannabinoids and Glucocorticoids as Stress Markers: Growing Evidence for Hair Testing (Detlef Thieme, Patricia Anielski, Ann-Kathrin Helfers, Aniko Krumbholz)....Pages 535-552 Front Matter ....Pages 553-553 Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies to Counter Immune System Dysfunctioning During Spaceflight (Jean-Pol Frippiat, Sergey A. Ponomarev, Martina Heer, Brian Crucian, Alexander Choukér)....Pages 555-561 Psychological Countermeasures (Gro Mjeldheim Sandal, Gloria R. Leon)....Pages 563-575 Physical Countermeasures to Stress (Vera Abeln, Alexander Choukér, Stefan Schneider)....Pages 577-592 Nutritional Countermeasures for Spaceflight-Related Stress (Martina Heer, Natalie Baecker, Scott M. Smith, Sara R. Zwart)....Pages 593-616 Microbiome and Immunity: A Critical Link for Long-Duration Space Exploration Missions (Hernan Lorenzi)....Pages 617-635 Pharmacological Countermeasures to Spaceflight-Induced Alterations of the Immune System (Thi Tuong Le, Armelle Ropars, Alamelu Sundaresan, Brian Crucian, Alexander Choukér, Jean-Pol Frippiat)....Pages 637-657 Front Matter ....Pages 659-659 Platforms for Stress and Immune Research in Preparation for Long-Duration Space Exploration Missions (Thu Jennifer Ngo-Anh, Andrea Rossiter)....Pages 661-676 Mars500: The First Preparation of Long-Duration Space Exploration Missions—Results and Implications for a Holistic Stress and Immune Research Approach (Thu Jennifer Ngo-Anh, Andrea Rossiter, Alexander Suvorov, Galina Vassilieva, Vadim Gushin)....Pages 677-692 Exploration Class Missions on Earth: Lessons Learnt from Life in Extreme Antarctic Isolation and Confinement (Alex P. Salam)....Pages 693-707 Moon, Mars and Beyond (Marc Heppener)....Pages 709-733 Front Matter ....Pages 735-735 Summary and Outlook (Dominique Moser, Alexander Choukér, for all authors…)....Pages 737-751 Back Matter ....Pages 753-771