The Moral Economy of Elections in Africa: Democracy, Voting and Virtue

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Do elections turn people into democratic citizens? Elections have long been seen as a way to foster democracy, development and security in Africa, with many hoping that the secret ballot would transform states. Adopting a new approach that focusses on the moral economy of elections, Nic Cheeseman, Gabrielle Lynch and Justin Willis show how elections are shaped by competing visions of what it means to be a good leader, bureaucrat or citizen. Using a mixed-methods study of elections in Ghana, Kenya and Uganda, they explore moral claims made by officials, politicians, civil society, international observers and voters themselves. This radical new lens reveals that elections are the site of intense moral contestation, which helps to explain why there is such vigourous participation in processes that often seem flawed. Demonstrating the impact of these debates on six decades of electoral practice, they explain why the behaviour of those involved so frequently transgresses national law and international norms, as well as the ways in which such transgressions are evaluated and critiqued – so that despite the purported significance of 'vote-buying', the candidates that spend the most do not always win. ‘A fresh and nuanced exploration of elections in Africa through the lens of moral virtue. How do political actors – citizens, politicians, officials – endeavor to ‘do the right thing' (as they see it) about voting, seeking office and managing the polls? Using multiple research methods, the authors uncover a range of complex popular conceptions of good leadership and proper elections. They find that, in resolving tensions between civic virtue and patrimonial obligation, many Africans are constructing forms of political accountability that are culturally authentic.' Michael Bratton - Michigan State University ‘Cheeseman, Lynch and Willis critically examine the behavior of key actors in Africa's electoral processes. Drawing on the tension between civil and patrimonial registers, this book offers new and provocative insights into the dynamics of African elections. Highly relevant for students and scholars of African politics and beyond.' Sebastian Elischer - University of Florida ‘A timely and important book on ideas of virtue and the moral economy of elections in Africa. It is comprehensive in its comparison of Ghana, Kenya, and Uganda and is an essential read for scholars of politics.' Peace A. Medie - University of Bristol ‘Why do people invest time, money and energy in elections that are not free and fair? This provocative book draws on careful research in Kenya, Uganda and Ghana to persuasively argue that a politics of virtue is at play, in which both voters and politicians use elections to stake out moral claims. The book, which challenges conventional understandings of elections, such as those that focus on patrimonial and ethnic politics, is certain to gain recognition as one of the most important theoretical works on African politics.' Aili Mari Tripp - University of Wisconsin, Madison Front Matter 04.0_pp_v_vi_Dedication 05.0_pp_vii_vii_Contents 06.0_pp_viii_viii_Figures 07.0_pp_ix_ix_Tables 08.0_pp_x_xii_Acknowledgements 09.0_pp_xiii_xvi_Abbreviations_and_Glossary 10.0_pp_1_29_Introduction_Writing_African_Elections 11.0_pp_30_56_Towards_a_Moral_Economy_of_Elections_in_Africa 12.0_pp_57_106_Elections_States_and_Citizens 13.0_pp_107_208_Promoting_Civic_Virtue 13.1_pp_109_141_National_Exercises 13.2_pp_142_174_The_Eyes_of_the_World_Are_upon_Us 13.3_pp_175_208_Creating_Democrats 14.0_pp_209_303_The_Moral_Economy_in_Action 14.1_pp_211_249_Performing_Virtue 14.2_pp_250_288_Navigating_Multiple_Moralities 14.3_pp_289_303_Conclusion_The_Electoral_Fallacy_Revisited 15.0_pp_304_307_Appendix_1_Research_Methods 16.0_pp_308_347_Bibliography 17.0_pp_348_360_Index Blank Page