Research Ethics in Behavior Analysis: From Laboratory to Clinic and Classroom

Description

The behavior analytic research community emphasizes within-subject research methodologies to study relations between individual behavior and the environment. This is unique as behavior analytic practitioners can then replicate directly the research they read when determining whether a research finding applies to the clients with whom they work. Research Ethics in Behavior Analysis: From Laboratory to Clinic and Classroom is a reference guide for behavior analysts who conduct, supervise, or consume research specific to behavior analysis. This book is sequenced to follow the natural research process, beginning with an introduction to the history of research ethics that led to modern principles and values of scientific research ethics. The reader is taken through sequential steps from obtaining resources to support a research project through participant recruitment, conducting the study, communicating results, and supporting replication. Each chapter incorporates critical and under-discussed topics unique to research ethics in behavior analysis such as diversity, equity, and inclusion in the research process; balancing methodological rigor with clinical outcomes; aligning research and clinical goals; assessing generalization of research findings; the gray lines of assent and consent for intervention versus research; identifying and obtaining resources to support research; conflicts of interest; using technology and social media; and ethically handling data. Research Ethics in Behavior Analysis Copyright Dedication Contributors Preface References 1. From Fuller to Fawcett: a human rights history of research ethics in behavior analysis∗ Introduction: our growing understanding of research ethics Timelines of protections and the development of a science of behavior change Exploitation for knowledge Necropolitics Protections Knowledge seeking with protections Belmont report Institutional review boards Collaborative knowledge seeking for well-being Participatory action research Shifting perspectives: context, epistemology, ontology, and axiology Uprisings, agency, and pandemics Conclusion: advancing our understanding of research ethics References 2. Ethical principles and values guiding modern scientific research On terms and functions Principles and values of modern research ethics The Belmont report Additional principles of research ethics Paradigms of research oversight and decision-making The functional application of ethical principles and values to guide research Future directions Conclusion References Further reading 3. Equity, diversity, inclusion, and accessibility in research∗ Equity, diversity, inclusion, and access in research EDIA and evidenced-based practice Ethical decision-making to incorporate EDIA considerations during the research process Forming a diverse research team Addressing disparities in forming a research team Responsible participant recruitment Addressing EDIA issues with participant recruitment Proactive measures to prevent colonialist research practices Barriers to becoming researchers and published authors: analysis through an EDIA lens Conclusion and self-assessment guiding questions References 4. On staying open: thoughts on the ethics of seeking funding for basic behavioral research On the danger of ethical codes A different path Utilitarian ethics Applying utilitarian ethics to supporting basic research Summation and summary References 5. Obtaining resources to support research in applied clinical settings Identifying resources to conduct applied research Values Systems of support Practice recommendations Practice 1: establish values and connect them to research Practice 2: obtain leadership buy-in Practice 3: establish an ethics committee/RRC Practice 4: create opportunities Practice 5: create systems for efficiently accessing resources Practice 6: create a decision-making model for research resource use Practice 7: build community connections Practice 8: obtain outside consultation and mentorship Practice 9: provide education and training Create organizational culture and awareness Conclusion References Further reading 6. Subject recruitment, consent, and assent Introduction General ethical oversight Human subjects recruitment Respect for persons Autonomy Protection of vulnerable persons Additional considerations in respect for persons Beneficence Do no harm Increase potential benefits and decrease possible adverse events or harm Justice Equitable recruitment Additional considerations for equitable recruitment Informed consent and assent Core principles underlying consent Disclosure of information Competency of the patient or surrogate Voluntary nature of the decision Additional considerations for vulnerable populations Consent to share research findings Conclusion References 7. Ethical considerations with balancing clinical effectiveness with research design∗ Evaluating effectiveness in research and clinical practice Recruitment and retention Considerations of single-case designs for research and clinical practice Reversal designs Multiple baseline design Multielement design Other experimental design features Protocol deviations due to clinical need Participant safety Billing practices Concluding comments References 8. Conducting research in applied settings: Aligning research and applied goals Conducting research in applied settings: aligning research with applied goals Ethics of conducting research in applied settings: general principles and specific codes Ethical systems for creating sustainable research practices Conclusions: fitting ethical principles into applied research practices References 9. Data handling: ethical principles, guidelines, and recommended practices Legal and regulatory landscape of data handling Types of data in behavior analysis Highly sensitive data Potentially sensitive data Not very sensitive data Data collection Paper data collection Electronic data collection Data storage Data validation Data analysis and dissemination Conclusions Appendix References 10. Ethically Communicating Research Findings Introduction Review of pertinent literature Synthesis of literature and implications Practice recommendations Writing for dissemination Misconduct Research direction Navigating the dissemination process Postpublication conduct Other considerations References 11. Supporting the replication of your research The replication crisis Replication and single-case experimental research Types of replication in single-case experimental research Increasing transparency of single-case experimental research Open data and open materials in single-case experimental research Preregistration and registered reports in single-case research Increasing access to research reports Generating and reinforcing a culture of openness Conclusion References Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W