Web Engineering: 22nd International Conference, ICWE 2022, Bari, Italy, July 5–8, 2022, Proceedings

Description

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Web Engineering, ICWE 2022, held in Bari, Italy, in July 2022. The 23 revised full papers and 5 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 81 submissions. The books also contains 6 demonstration and poster papers, 7 symposium and 5 tutorial papers. They are organized in topical sections named: recommender systems based on web technology; social web applications; web applications modelling and engineering; web big data and web data analytics; web mining and knowledge extraction; web security and privacy; web user interfaces. Preface Organization Contents Recommender Systems Based on Web Technology MARF: User-Item Mutual Aware Representation with Feedback 1 Introduction 2 The MARF Model 2.1 Model Inputs and Feature Representation 2.2 Embedding for User and Item Profiles 2.3 Flexible Up-Down Sampling 2.4 The Sequence Extraction Layer 2.5 The Prediction Layer 3 Experiments 3.1 Datasets 3.2 Baselines 3.3 Evaluation Metrics 3.4 Hyperparameters 3.5 Performance Comparison 3.6 Ablation Study 3.7 Potential Transferability Analysis 4 Conclusion and Future Work References MRVAE: Variational Autoencoder with Multiple Relationships for Collaborative Filtering 1 Introduction 2 Preliminary 2.1 Notations 2.2 Problem Definition 2.3 Basics of Mult-VAE 3 MRVAE 3.1 Hybrid Encoder and Linear Decoder 3.2 Incorporating Item-Item Relationships 3.3 Discussion 4 Experiments 4.1 Experimental Settings 4.2 Performance Comparison 4.3 Ablation Study 4.4 Hyperparameter Analysis 5 Related Works 5.1 VAE-Based CF Methods 5.2 Other CF Methods 6 Conclusion References Multilevel Feature Interaction Learning for Session-Based Recommendation via Graph Neural Networks 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Graph Neural Networks (GNN) 2.2 GNN for Session-Based Recommendation 2.3 Regularization Techniques 3 Methodology 3.1 Problem Definition 3.2 Model Overview 3.3 Session-Level Item Representation Learning Module 3.4 Global-Level Item Representation Learning Module 3.5 Session Representation Learning and Training 4 Experiments 4.1 Performance Comparisons (RQ1) 4.2 Impact of Side Information (RQ2) 4.3 Impact of Structures (RQ3) 4.4 Impact of Learning Strategy (RQ4) 5 Conclusion References Social Web Applications A Real-Time System for Detecting Landslide Reports on Social Media Using Artificial Intelligence 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 System Design 3.1 Data Collectors 3.2 Image Manager 3.3 Tweet Manager 4 Experiments 4.1 Duplicate Filtering 4.2 Junk Classification 4.3 Landslide Classification 4.4 Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking 5 Real-World Deployment 5.1 Data Collection and Statistics 5.2 Validation of the Landslide Model Predictions 5.3 Comparison with a Text-Based Approach 6 Conclusion References Online Social Event Detection via Filtering Strategy Graph Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Preliminaries 3.1 Problem Definition 3.2 Framework Overview 4 Methodology 4.1 The Initial Phase 4.2 The Incremental Phase 5 Experiments 5.1 Datasets 5.2 Baselines and Metrics 5.3 Experimental Settings 5.4 Experimental Results 6 Conclusions References Similarity Search with Graph Index on Directed Social Network Embedding 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methodology 3.1 Definitions 3.2 Directed Social Network Embedding 3.3 Similarity Search with Graph Index 4 Experiments 4.1 Experimental Setting 4.2 Experimental Results 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Web Application Modelling and Engineering An In-Depth Analysis of Web Page Structure and Efficiency with Focus on Optimization Potential for Initial Page Load 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Related Work 4 Structure Analysis 4.1 Website Selection 4.2 Analysis Software 4.3 Technical Implementation 4.4 Page Code Analysis 4.5 Desktop vs. Mobile 4.6 Frameworks 4.7 Validity of Results 4.8 Major Insights and Possible Improvements 5 Challenges and Research Roadmap 6 Conclusion References Automatic Web Data API Creation via Cross-Lingual Neural Pagination Recognition 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Pagination Recognition Neural Sequence Model 3.1 Problem Definition 3.2 Proposed Method 4 Experiments 4.1 Dataset 4.2 Results 5 Case Study: Automatic Data API Constructions 5.1 Pagination Recognition 5.2 Data API Creation via Unsupervised Data Extraction 6 Conclusions and Future Work References Disclosure: Efficient Instrumentation-Based Web App Migration for Liquid Computing 1 Introduction 2 Background on JavaScript Runtime 3 Challenges for Web App Migration 4 Previous Approaches 5 The Disclosure Approach 5.1 Instrumentation Phase 5.2 Execution Phase 5.3 Migration Phase 5.4 Security and WeakMap 6 Evaluation 6.1 Instrumented Code Size 6.2 Execution Performance and Runtime Memory Usage 6.3 Multiple Migrations 6.4 Comparison with ThingsMigrate 7 Summary References Enriching Scholarly Knowledge with Context 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Conceptual Model and Its Application 4 The Federated Infrastructures 5 Web Widgets to Enrich Knowledge with Context 5.1 Visualizing ORKG Scholarly Knowledge with Context 5.2 Enriching ORKG Contributor Profiles 5.3 Advanced Faceted Search for ORKG Comparisons 6 Discussion 7 Conclusions References FAIRification of Citizen Science Data Through Metadata-Driven Web API Development 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Running Example 4 FAIRification of CS Platforms 4.1 Retrieving the Projects 4.2 Parsing the Metadata 4.3 Generating the API 4.4 Publishing the Web API 4.5 Updating Data Services Metadata 4.6 Publishing Metadata 5 Evaluation 6 Conclusions References The Case for Cross-Entity Delta Encoding in Web Compression 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Cross-Entity Delta Encoding 4 Compression Efficiency on Real-World Traces 4.1 Enforcing VCDIFF 4.2 Case-Specific VCDIFF 4.3 VCDIFF with Secondary Compression 4.4 Impact on Different MIME-Types 4.5 Using Algorithms Beyond VCDIFF 5 Conclusion References Web Big Data and Web Data Analytics Dynamic Network Embedding in Hyperbolic Space via Self-attention 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Preliminary 3.1 Problem Formulation 3.2 Hyperbolic Geometry 4 Proposed Model 4.1 Feature Map 4.2 Hyperbolic Structure Attention (HSA) 4.3 Euclidean Temporal Attention (ETA) 4.4 Learning Objective 5 Experiments and Analysis 5.1 Datasets 5.2 Baselines 5.3 Link Prediction Comparison (RQ 1) 5.4 Ablation Study (RQ 2) 6 Conclusions References Engineering Annotations to Support Analytical Provenance in Visual Exploration Processes 1 Introduction 2 Foundations 2.1 Annotations 2.2 Analytical Provenance 3 Related Work 4 Our Approach 4.1 Extending the Conceptual Model of Annotations 4.2 Dependencies Between Annotation and Visualizations 4.3 Attributes in Data Provenance 5 Use Case Scenarios and Tool Support 5.1 Overview of Annotations 5.2 Managing Multiple Annotations 5.3 Annotating Objects in a View 5.4 Exporting Annotations 5.5 Collaborative Use of Annotations 5.6 Tracking Provenance Analysis 6 Discussion, Conclusions and Future Work References Lunatory: A Real-Time Distributed Trajectory Clustering Framework for Web Big Data 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Clustering Algorithms 2.2 Trajectory Clustering 2.3 Learning-Based Trajectory Clustering 3 Preliminary 4 Trajectory Clustering Framework 4.1 Framework Overview 4.2 Pivot Trajectory Generation 4.3 Hexagonal-Based Partitioning Strategy 4.4 Clustering Implementation 5 Experimental Evaluation 5.1 Experimental Setup 5.2 Efficiency Comparison 5.3 Accuracy Comparison 6 Conclusion References Web Mining and Knowledge Extraction Building Knowledge Subgraphs in Question Answering over Knowledge Graphs 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 The Approach 3.1 Topic Entity Identification 3.2 Neighborhood Retrieval 3.3 Knowledge Subgraph Retrieval 4 Experiments 4.1 Knowledge Graphs 4.2 QA Datasets 4.3 Metric 4.4 Results 4.5 Compared Approaches 5 Conclusion References Dual-Attention Based Joint Aspect Sentiment Classification Model 1 Introduction 2 Model Description 2.1 Problem Formulation 2.2 Aspect-Specific Representation Module 2.3 ACD Module 2.4 ACSC Module 2.5 Joint Loss 3 Experiment Analysis 3.1 Data Set 3.2 Experimental Settings 3.3 Comparison Methods 3.4 Main Results 3.5 Discussions on AS-DATJM 3.6 Quality Analysis 4 Conclusion References Explaining a Deep Neural Model with Hierarchical Attention for Aspect-Based Sentiment Classification Using Diagnostic Classifiers 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 2.1 Aspect-Based Sentiment Classification 2.2 Diagnostic Classifiers 3 Specification of the Data 4 Method 4.1 LCR-Rot-hop++ 4.2 Diagnostic Classifier 5 Evaluation 5.1 Overview 6 Conclusion References A Model for Meteorological Knowledge Graphs: Application to Météo-France Data 1 Introduction 2 Motivating Scenario and Competency Questions 3 Semantic Model 3.1 Features of Interest and Observable Properties: Describing Observations 3.2 Spatial Features: Locating the Weather Stations 3.3 Temporal Features: Defining Time Entities 3.4 Aggregated Features: Defining Observation Slices 4 Météo-France Weather Observations RDF Dataset 4.1 Météo-France Dataset 4.2 Lifting Process 5 Validation: Implementing the Competency Questions 5.1 Querying Low-Level Observations 5.2 Querying Observation Slices 5.3 Implemented Notebook and Visualizations 6 Related Work 7 Conclusion and Future Works References An Ontological Approach for Recommending a Feature Selection Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Feature Selection 2.2 Ontology 3 A Novel Ontological Model 3.1 Feature Selection Algorithm Recommendation Using Dataset Characteristics and Quality (FSDCQ) Ontology 4 Proposed Methodology 4.1 Extraction of Dataset Characteristics and Quality 4.2 Building a Rule Base 4.3 Populating Ontology for the Recommendations 5 Experimental Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion and Future Works References Towards Bridging the Gap Between Knowledge Graphs and Chatbots 1 Introduction 2 Approach 3 Experiment 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions and Future Work References Web Security and Privacy Configurable Per-Query Data Minimization for Privacy-Compliant Web APIs 1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries 2.1 Regulatory Background 2.2 Information Reduction and Anonymization 2.3 Data-Providing Web APIs and Data Minimization 2.4 Illustrative Scenario 3 Requirements 3.1 Functional Requirements 3.2 Nonfunctional Requirements 4 Approach and Implementation 4.1 Architecture Integration 4.2 Implementation 4.3 Usage and Configuration Mechanism 4.4 Information Reduction Techniques 4.5 Preliminary Performance Evaluation 5 Limitations, Future Work and Conclusion References Effective Malicious URL Detection by Using Generative Adversarial Networks 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 System Scheme 3.1 Hierarchical Semantics Structure 3.2 GAN_BERT 3.3 Classifier 4 Evaluation 4.1 Data Sets 4.2 Concept Drift on ISCX-URL2016 4.3 Diversity of Generated Data 4.4 Detection Performance 5 Conclusion References MEMTD: Encrypted Malware Traffic Detection Using Multimodal Deep Learning 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 2.1 ML-Based Detection 2.2 DL-Based Detection 3 Multimodal Encrypted Malware Traffic Detection 3.1 Overview 3.2 Multimodal Data Preprocessing 3.3 Different Modal Feature Extraction 3.4 Intermediate Fusion and Detection 3.5 MEMTD Training Process 4 Evaluation 4.1 Dataset 4.2 Experiment Settlement 4.3 Experimental Results and Analysis 5 Conclusion References Web User Interfaces A Web Crowdsourcing Platform for Territorial Control in Smart Cities 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Crowdsourcing Data from Smart Autonomous Devices 3.1 Technological Stack 4 The Case of Metropolitan Area of Bari 5 Conclusion References Supporting Natural Language Interaction with the Web 1 Introduction 2 Conversational Web Browsing 3 User Requirements 4 The ConWeb Platform 4.1 Conversation-Oriented Navigation Tree (CNT) 4.2 Building the CNT 4.3 Training the NLP Model 4.4 Handling the Classified Intents 5 Conclusion References User Acceptance of Modified Web Page Loading Based on Progressive Streaming 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Related Work 4 Preliminary Study 5 Concept of Progressively Streamed Web Pages 5.1 Loading Methods 5.2 Pre-processing at the Server-Side Component 5.3 Streaming-Based Delivery Process 5.4 Rendering at the Client-Side Component 5.5 Technical Implementation 6 Evaluation 6.1 Experiment on User Satisfaction 6.2 Results of the User Evaluation 6.3 Experiment on Performance 6.4 Results of the Technical Evaluation 6.5 Discussion Regarding Data Comparability 7 Conclusion References We Don't Need No Real Users?! Surveying the Adoption of User-less Automation Tools by UI Design Practitioners 1 Introduction 2 The Survey Description 2.1 Material 2.2 Design and Procedure 2.3 Recruitment 3 Survey Results 3.1 The Participants 3.2 What Do Participants' Research and Design Processes Look Like? 3.3 What are Obstacles and Limitations? 3.4 Which Platforms and Tools are Used? 3.5 What are Reasons for Not Using AI-/ML-Based Tools? 4 Findings and Discussion References Ph.D. Symposium Achieving Corruption-Transparency in Service Governance Processes with Blockchain-Technology Based e-Participation 1 Introduction and Motivation 2 Related Work 3 Objectives 4 Methodology 5 Research Plan 6 Conclusion References Applying a Healthcare Web of Things Framework for Infertility Treatments 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Objectives 4 MoSTHealth: A MDE Framework for Modeling and Simulating WoT HMS Based on Digital Twins 4.1 The IoT HMS Solution for Infertility Treatment: A Case Study 5 Work Done 6 Plan for Future Work References Blockchain and AI to Build an Alzheimer's Risk Calculator 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Work 2.1 Aims and Objectives 2.2 Methods 2.3 Risk Prediction Model for Alzheimer's Disease 3 Contribution to Web Engineering References Bridging Static Site Generation with the Dynamic Web 1 Brief Introduction to Static Site Generation 1.1 Challenges of SSG 1.2 SSG with a Headless Content Server 2 SSG Using JSON as an Intermediate Target 2.1 Why JSON? 2.2 Constraints 2.3 Aspects of the Architecture 2.4 Routing 2.5 Components 2.6 Layouts and Data Binding 3 Discussion References Enhance Web-Components in Order to Increase Security and Maintainability 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Research Approach, Objectives, Methodology 3.1 Approach 3.2 Methodology 4 Current State and Roadmap 5 Conclusion and Future Work References FAIRification of Citizen Science Data 1 Introduction 2 Current Work and Preliminary Results 2.1 FAIRification of Citizen Science Platforms 3 Methodology and Research Plan References Towards Differentially Private Machine Learning Models and Their Robustness to Adversaries 1 Introduction 2 Research Overview 2.1 Privacy Preservation with Differential Privacy (DP) 2.2 Robustness to Adversaries with Adversarial Training (AT) 2.3 The Interplay Between DP and AT 3 Research Direction References Posters and Demonstrations A Metadata-Driven Tool for FAIR Data Production in Citizen Science Platforms 1 Introduction 2 Enriching CS Platforms Following the FAIR Guidelines 3 Conclusions References A New Compatibility Measure for Harmonic EDM Mixing 1 Introduction 2 Implementation 3 Evaluation 3.1 Experiment Design 3.2 Metrics 4 Conclusions References Compaz: Exploring the Potentials of Shared Dictionary Compression on the Web 1 Introduction and State of the Art 2 Compaz in a Nutshell 3 Conclusion References Social Events Analyzer (SEA): A Toolkit for Mining Social Workflows by Means of Federated Process Mining 1 Introduction 2 Social Events Analyzer (SEA) 3 Conclusion and Future Work References Solid Web Monetization 1 Introduction 2 Solid Web Monetization Provider (WMP) 3 Demonstration 4 Conclusions and Future Work References Web Push Notifications from Solid Pods 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 System Architecture 4 Modeling Solid Web Push Subscriptions 5 Demonstrator Walkthrough 6 Conclusion References Tutorials A Guide for Quantum Web Services Deployment 1 Introduction 2 Intended Audience 3 Outline of the Tutorial 4 Learning Objectives and Outcomes References About Lightweight Code Generation 1 Introduction 2 Model and Transformation Rules 3 Structure of the Tutorial 4 Utilized Tools 5 Learning Objectives 6 Software Requirements for the Hands-On Part 7 Intended Audience References SPARQL Endpoints and Web API (SWApi) 1 Introduction 2 Detailed Description 3 Intended Audience and Level 4 Tutorial Material 5 Biography of Presenters References Web Engineering with Human-in-the-Loop 1 Introduction 2 Definition of Intended Audience 3 Overview of the Tutorial Structure 3.1 Introduction to Crowdsourcing 3.2 Key Components for Efficient Data Collection 3.3 Hands-On Practice Session 3.4 Computational Quality Control 3.5 Final Remarks and Conclusion 4 Conclusion References Author Index