Mosby's Pathology for Massage Therapists

Description

Salvo's Pathology presents more than just a parade of diseases. It takes the reader through health assessment and client consultation, covers sanitation and hygiene, refreshes on physiology pertinent to the pathology and pathophysiology covered in the text, and talks about general contraindications and endangerment sites before moving into the pathologies themselves. More than 300 pathologic conditions are covered in chapters divided by system. An entire chapter on Cancer and another on Mental and Emotional Illness are new additions to this edition. Each pathology presents the following information: Description, Signs and Symptoms, Etiology, Treatment, and Precautions. Pathologies are also accompanied by full color illustrations and photos plus a traffic light icon indicating whether it is safe to proceed with massage (green), there are cautions (yellow), or the massage is contraindicated (red). Local contraindications are distinguished with an "L,” to indicate massage is unsafe only in certain areas and the therapist can proceed with the massage for the rest of the body. Helpful appendices and a glossary round out the book.A traffic light icon appears before each pathology in the book, designating whether massage is contraindicated (red), local contraindication (yellow), or indicated (green) for that particular pathology. Consistent format for each chapter makes it easy to find key information with learning objectives, list of pathologies, system overview, and pathologies, including description, etiology, signs and symptoms, treatment, and massage considerations. Student-friendly features in each chapter include learning objectives and self-tests that measure your comprehension. Medical Technology boxes highlight special populations, such as clients in wheelchairs or with pacemakers, and explain what the medical device is, and what special precautions or contraindications you should be aware of before working on these clients. Spotlight on Research boxes summarize recent studies of massage therapy and its effects.Student resources on an Evolve companion website include interactive activities, video clips of techniques, animations, the Body Spectrum coloring book, flashcards, review questions, additional case studies, an image collection, an audio glossary, study tips, stress-busting tips, research updates, and more. Mosby's Pathology for Massage Therapists Online reinforces content covered in the book and provides a dynamic way to learn key concepts, with features including recall activities, rollover glossary terms and definitions, animations, quizzes, and Clinical Tips boxes. (Available separately.) Over 300 NEW full-color photographs help you recognize common diseases and conditions. UPDATES of commonly seen pathologies include Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, obesity, and post-traumatic stress. NEW Aging and Massage chapter reviews key concepts such as frail or robust, discusses palliative care, and reviews the need for treatments specifically geared toward the elderly. NEW student-friendly features in each chapter include Think about It, which provides a chance to review real-world cases and consider treatment options; Webquests that introduce useful websites such as Mayo Clinic and the CDC; and Discussion, which challenges you to find answers to thought-provoking questions. NEW Clinical Tips boxes provide brief, practical hints gleaned from the author's first-hand experience in clinical practice. NEW 911 boxes prepare you for emergencies such as heart attacks and strokes that may occur in a massage setting. NEW Caution boxes serve as a companion to the 911 box, providing tips on how to avoid aggravating specific client conditions and what adjustments to make to ensure successful, safe practice. NEW Chat Room boxes include interesting and need-to-know facts on pathologies, quotes, statistics, reminders on important points covered in the text, and more.NEW! List of pathologies with page number references is included on the inside front cover for fast lookup of pathologies. Front cover Evolve page Mosby's Pathology for Massage Therapists Copyright page Dedication Acknowledgments Contributors & Reviewers Foreword Preface The Key to Safe, Effective Practice The study of pathology is essential for safe practice and the application of massage therapy. Why do you need to learn pathology? A Tour of the Text Why This Book is Important to the Profession For Instructors Note to the Student Table of Contents 1 Infection Control and Safe Practice Procedures for Massage Therapists Learning Objectives Introduction Massage Therapy and Pathology Language of Pathology Health and Disease Signs and Symptoms Diagnosis and Prognosis Etiology and Risk Factors Disease Complications Epidemics and Pandemics Risk Factors of Disease Age Gender Genetics Lifestyle Environment Stress Types of Diseases Autoimmune Diseases Cancer Deficiency Diseases Degenerative Diseases Genetic Diseases Metabolic Diseases Infectious Diseases Congenital Disorders Traumatic Disorders Agents of Disease Viruses Bacteria Fungi Protozoa Prions Pathogenic Animals Other Agents of Disease Chain of Infection Disease Transmission Contact Direct Contact Indirect Contact Vehicle Transmission Foodborne Transmission Waterborne Transmission Airborne Transmission Vector Transmission Infection Host Defenses Inflammation Standard Precautions General Hygiene Use Clean Linens for Each Massage Disinfect Contaminated Massage Linens, Table/Accessory Fabric, and Tools If linens are contaminated: If table and accessory fabric are contaminated: If massage tools are contaminated: Dispensing Massage Lubricant Sanitize Your Hands Use Disposable Gloves When Appropriate Do Not Perform Massage When Ill or When Experiencing Coldlike Symptoms Avoid Massaging Clients Who Are Ill Maintain a Clean and Sanitary Office and Treatment Environment Do Not Work Under the Influence of Alcohol or Recreational Drugs Follow a Personal Health Plan, and Get Regular Physical Examinations Hand Hygiene Hand Washing Six-Step Procedure Hand Sanitizer Three-Step Procedure Glove Use Latex Gloves Nitrile Gloves Vinyl Gloves Glove Removal Contraindications Absolute Contraindication Local Contraindication Treatment Modifications Cautionary Sites Throat Abdomen ASSESSMENTS AND ACTIVITIES Matching One Matching Two References Web Reference 2 Treatment Planning Learning Objectives Introduction Documentation Documentation Formats SOAP APIE CARE Subjective Information Objective Information Scope of Practice What’s In What’s Out Informed Consent Shared Decision Making Treatment Planning Client Intake Intake Location Intake Form Filling Out the Form The Interview Length of the Interview Communication Body Language Interview Skills Open and Closed Questions Organizing the Interview Ppalm: Assessment Domains Purpose Pain Allergies and Skin Conditions Lifestyle and Vocation Medical History Interview Conclusion Formulating the Plan Screening for Contraindications Elements of a Treatment Plan After the Massage and Subsequent Sessions Client Education Updating the Plan During Subsequent Sessions Help Clients Achieve Their Goals Networking with Other Health Care Providers Prescriptions Referrals Medical Release ASSESSMENTS AND ACTIVITIES Matching One Matching Two References 3 Pharmacology and Massage Therapy Medications Learning Objectives Introduction Drug Nomenclature Chemical Name Trade Name Generic Name Prescription and Over-the-Counter Drugs Prescription Drugs Prescriptions Over-the-Counter Drugs Supplements Routes of Drug Administration Oral Injection Inhalation Transdermal Pharmacokinetics Absorption Distribution Metabolism Excretion Half-Life Pharmacodynamics Drugs and Cell Receptors Effects of Drugs Therapeutic Effect Side Effect Unpredictable Effect Medications and Treatment Planning Drug Administration and Massage Modifications Injections Drug Pumps Topical Applications and Transdermal Patches Medications to Manage Pain and Inflammation Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs Description Drug Names Common Side Effects Massage Considerations Corticosteroids Description Drug Names Common Side Effects Massage Considerations Skeletal Muscle Relaxants Description Drug Names Common Side Effects Massage Considerations Narcotics Description Drug Names Common Side Effects Massage Considerations Medications to Manage Diabetes Hypoglycemics and Antidiabetic Agents Description Drug Names Common Side Effects Massage Considerations Medications to Manage Cardiovascular Disease Anticoagulants/Antiplatelets Description Drug Names Common Side Effects Massage Considerations Vasodilators Description Drug Names Common Side Effects Massage Considerations Antiarrhythmic Drugs Description Drug Names Common Side Effects Massage Considerations Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Description Drug Names Common Side Effects Massage Considerations Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Description Drug Names Common Side Effects Massage Considerations Alpha-Receptor Drugs Description Drug Names Common Side Effects Massage Considerations Beta-Blockers Description Drug Names Common Side Effects Massage Considerations Calcium-Channel Blockers Description Drug Names Common Side Effects Massage Considerations Diuretics Description Drug Names Common Side Effects Massage Considerations Lipid-Lowering Drugs Description Drug Names Common Side Effects Massage Considerations Medications to Manage Respiratory Disorders Antihistamines Description Drug Names Common Side Effects Massage Considerations Antitussives Description Drug Names Common Side Effects Massage Considerations Bronchodilators Description Drug Names Common Side Effects Massage Considerations Decongestants Description Drug Names Common Side Effects Massage Considerations Expectorants Description Drug Names Common Side Effects Massage Considerations Female Hormones Estrogens and Progesterone Description Drug Names Common Side Effects Massage Considerations Medications to Manage Mood Disorders Antianxiety, Sedative, and Hypnotic Drugs Description Drug Names Common Side Effects Massage Considerations Antidepressant Drugs Description Drug Names Common Side Effects Massage Considerations Antipsychotic Drugs Description Drug Names Common Side Effects Massage Considerations ASSESSMENTS AND ACTIVITIES Matching One Matching Two References 4 Dermatologic Pathologies Pathologies Learning Objectives Integumentary System Overview Dermatologic Pathologies Bacterial Skin Infections Acne (Acne Vulgaris, Pimples, Zits) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Folliculitis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Impetigo Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Boil (Furuncle and Carbuncle) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Cellulitis and Erysipelas Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Paronychia Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Fungal Skin Infections Ringworm (Tinea corporis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Athlete’s Foot (Tinea pedis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Nail Fungus (Tinea unguium, Onychomycosis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Jock Itch (Tinea cruris) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Viral Skin Infections Cold Sore and Fever Blister (Oral Herpes Simplex) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Chickenpox (Varicella) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Shingles (Herpes Zoster) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Wart (Verruca) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Inflammatory Skin Conditions Eczema (Eczematous Dermatitis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Psoriasis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Contact Dermatitis (Irritant Dermatitis, Allergic Dermatitis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Seborrheic Dermatitis (Seborrhea, Seborrheic Eczema, Dandruff, Cradle Cap) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Rosacea (Acne Rosacea, Adult-Onset Acne) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Pityriasis Rosea Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Lichen Planus Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Scleroderma Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Hives (Urticaria) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Lice and Mites Lice (Pediculosis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Scabies (Itch Mites) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Skin Injuries Bruise (Purpura, Contusion) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Burns Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Scars Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Stretch Marks (Striae) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Corn and Callus (Clavus) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Decubitus Ulcer (Bedsore, Pressure Sore, Pressure Ulcer) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Other Skin Disorders Ichthyosis Vulgaris (Fish Scale Disease) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Epidermal Cyst (Epidermoid Cyst, Sebaceous Cyst) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Benign and Premalignant Skin Proliferations Actinic Keratosis (Senile Keratosis, Solar Keratosis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Seborrheic Keratosis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Skin Tag (Acrochordon, Fibroepithelial Polyp) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Skin Cancers Basal Cell Carcinoma Description Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Squamous Cell Carcinoma Description Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Malignant Melanoma Description Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Skin Pigmentations Massage Considerations Birthmarks (Nevi) Description Freckles (Ephelides) Description Vitiligo Description Albinism (Hypopigmentation) Description Melasma (Chloasma, Mask of Pregnancy) Description Age Spots (Solar Lentigo, Senile Lentigo, Liver Spots) Description ASSESSMENTS AND ACTIVITIEs Matching One Matching Two References 5 Musculoskeletal Pathologies Pathologies Learning Objectives Musculoskeletal System Overview Musculoskeletal Pathologies Skeletal Disorders Osteoporosis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Paget Disease (Osteitis Deformans) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Osteomalacia and Rickets Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Osteomyelitis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Bone Cancer Description Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Marfan Syndrome Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Spinal Deviations Kyphosis (Hyperkyphosis, Hunchback) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Lordosis (Hyperlordosis, Swayback, Saddleback) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Scoliosis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Foot Deformities Bunions (Hallux valgus) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Massage Considerations Hammertoes and Mallet Toes Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Pes Planus and Pes Cavus (Flatfoot, High Instep) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Joint Disorders Spondylolysis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Spondylolisthesis (Degenerative Spondylolisthesis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Patellofemoral Syndrome (Chondromalacia Patellae, Runner’s Knee) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Ganglion Cyst Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Baker Cyst (Popliteal Cyst) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Bursitis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction (Temporomandibular Joint Disorders) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Arthritis Osteoarthritis (Degenerative Joint Disease, Degenerative Arthritis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Spondylosis (Spinal Osteoarthritis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Rheumatoid Arthritis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Ankylosing Spondylitis (Spondylarthritis, Rheumatoid Spondylitis, Spondylitis, Spondylarthropathy) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Gout (Gouty Arthritis, Metabolic Arthritis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Lyme Disease (Lyme Arthritis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Septic Arthritis (Infectious Arthritis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Muscular and Myofascial Disorders Muscular Atrophy (Disuse Atrophy) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Contracture Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Dupuytren Contracture (Dupuytren Disease) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Headaches (Cephalalgia, Cephalgia) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Fibromyalgia Syndrome (Fibromyalgia, Myofascial Fibrocystitis, Fibrositis, Muscular Rheumatism) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Myofascial Pain Syndrome Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Muscular Dystrophy Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Myositis Ossificans Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Musculoskeletal Injuries Dislocations and Subluxations Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Fractures Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Sprain Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Strain (Pull) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Tendinitis (Tendonitis), Tenosynovitis, Epicondylitis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations de Quervain Tenosynovitis (de Quervain Tendinitis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Osgood-Schlatter Disease (Tibial Tuberosity Apophysitis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Torticollis (Wryneck) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Whiplash (Cervical Sprain, Cervical Strain, Cervical Acceleration-Deceleration Injury, Hyperextension-Hyperflexion Injury) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Compartment Syndrome (Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome, Exercise-Induced Compartment Syndrome) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Shin Splints (Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Plantar Fasciitis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Massage and Meds: Medications to Manage Pain and Inflammation ASSESSMENTS AND ACTIVITIES Matching One Matching Two References 6 Neurologic Pathologies Pathologies Learning Objectives Neurologic System Overview Neurologic Pathologies Central Nervous System Disorders Spina Bifida Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Cerebral Palsy Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Attention Deficit–Hyperactivity Disorder (Attention Deficit Disorder) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Mssage Considerations Autism (Autism Spectrum Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Seizure Disorders (Epilepsy) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Spinal Cord Injury Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Brain Tumors Description Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Anxiety Disorders Depression Infectious Diseases Meningitis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Encephalitis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Poliomyelitis and Postpolio Syndrome (Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome, Postpoliomyelitis Sequela) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Lyme Disease Shingles (Herpes Zoster) Neurodegenerative Diseases Dementia Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Alzheimer Disease (Alzheimer Dementia) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Parkinson Disease Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s Disease, Motor Neuron Disease) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Multiple Sclerosis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Huntington Disease (Huntington Chorea, Chronic Chorea) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Neurovascular Disorders Transient Ischemic Attack Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident, Cerebral Infarction, Brain Attack) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Cerebral Aneurysm Migraine Headache (Vascular Headache) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Peripheral Nerve Disorders Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Bell Palsy (Facial Palsy) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Myasthenia Gravis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Guillain–Barré Syndrome Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Peripheral Neuropathy Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Degenerative Disc Disease Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Herniated Disc, Bulging Disc, and Radiculopathy (Ruptured Disc, Slipped Disc) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Sciatica Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (Brachial Plexus Injury) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations ASSESSMENTS AND ACTIVITIES Matching One Matching Two References 7 Endocrine Pathologies Pathologies Learning Objectives Endocrine System Overview Endocrine Pathologies Diseases of the Pituitary Hyperpituitarism Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Gigantism Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Acromegaly (Acromegalia) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Hypopituitarism Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Dwarfism Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Diabetes Insipidus Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Diseases of the Thyroid Goiter Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Graves Disease (Hyperthyroidism) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Hashimoto Disease (Hypothyroidism) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Thyroid Cancer Description Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Diseases of the Parathyroids Hyperparathyroidism Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Hypoparathyroidism Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Diseases of the Adrenal Cortex Cushing Disease and Cushing Syndrome (Hypercortisolism) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Addison Disease (Hypocortisolism) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 (Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (Gestational Glucose Intolerance) Massage and Meds: Diabetic Medications ASSESSMENTS AND ACTIVITIES Matching One Matching Two References 8 Cardiovascular Pathologies Pathologies Learning Objectives Cardiovascular System Overview Cardiovascular Pathologies Disorders of Blood and Circulation Anemia Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Leukemia Description Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Hemophilia Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Thrombosis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Embolism Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Shock Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Disorders of the Heart Arrhythmia (Dysrhythmia) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Angina Pectoris (Angina) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Cardiac Arrest (Cardiac Death, Standstill) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Congestive Heart Failure (Heart Failure) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Cardiomyopathy Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Rheumatic Fever Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Rheumatic Heart Disease Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Endocarditis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Myocarditis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Pericarditis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Diseases of Arteries Arteriosclerosis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Atherosclerosis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Coronary Artery Disease (Ischemic Heart Disease, Coronary Heart Disease) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Peripheral Arterial Disease (Peripheral Vascular Disease, Arteriosclerosis of the Extremities, Arteriosclerosis Obliterans) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke, Brain Attack) Aneurysm Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Orthostatic Hypotension (Postural Hypotension, Low Blood Pressure) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Raynaud Disease and Raynaud Syndrome (Raynaud Phenomenon) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Diseases of Veins Phlebitis and Thrombophlebitis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Deep Vein Thrombosis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Varicose Veins (Varicosities) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Massage and Meds: Cardiovascular Medications ASSESSMENTS AND ACTIVITIES Matching One Matching Two References 9 Lymphatic and Immune Pathologies Pathologies Learning Objectives lymphatic System Overview Lymphatic Immune Pathologies Conditions of the Lymphatic System Lymphedema and Edema Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Lymphangitis (Angioleukitis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Lymphadenopathy and Lymphadenitis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Hodgkin Lymphoma (Hodgkin Disease) Description Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (Malignant Lymphoma) Description Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Conditions of Immunity Fever (Pyrexia) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Allergy (Hypersensitivity Reaction) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Mononucleosis Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (Immune Dysfunction Syndrome) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Disseminated Lupus Erythematosus) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Scleroderma Multiple Myeloma Description Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations ASSESSMENTS AND ACTIVITIES Matching One Matching Two References 10 Respiratory Pathologies Pathologies Learning Objectives Respiratory System Overview Respiratory Pathologies Upper Respiratory Tract Conditions Common Cold (Head Cold, Infectious Rhinitis, Upper Respiratory Infection) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Sinusitis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Pharyngitis (Sore Throat, Strep Throat) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Laryngitis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Laryngeal Cancer Description Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Influenza Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono, Epstein–Barr Viral Infection, Glandular Fever, Kissing Disease) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Lower Respiratory Tract Conditions Pneumonia (Pneumonitis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Tuberculosis (White Plague, Consumption) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Pleurisy (Pleuritis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Lung Cancer Description Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases Asthma Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Bronchitis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Emphysema Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Pneumoconiosis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Bronchiectasis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Cystic Fibrosis (Mucoviscidosis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Obstructive Sleep Apnea Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Vascular Disorders Pulmonary Edema Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Pulmonary Embolism Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Immune Disorders Allergy (Hypersensitivity Reaction) Hay Fever (Allergic Rhinitis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations ASSESSMENTS AND ACTIVITIES Matching One Matching Two References 11 Gastrointestinal Pathologies Pathologies Learning Objectives Gastrointestinal System Overview General Dysfunctions of the Gastrointestinal Tract Nausea Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Vomiting (Emesis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Constipation Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Diarrhea Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Diseases of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Mumps (Parotitis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Thrush (Oral Candidiasis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Oral and Pharyngeal Cancers Description Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Pharyngitis (Sore Throat, Strep Throat) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Tonsillitis (Acute) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Esophageal Ulcers Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Peptic Ulcer Disease Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Gastritis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Gastroenteritis (Enterogastritis, Stomach Flu) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Gastric Ulcers Stomach Cancer Description Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Diseases of the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Polyps (Colorectal) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Duodenal Ulcers Diverticulosis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Diverticulitis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Irritable Bowel Syndrome (Spastic Colon) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Ulcerative Colitis (Colitis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Crohn Disease (Regional Enteritis, Ileitis, Ileocolitis, Granulomatous Colitis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Intestinal Obstruction Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Appendicitis (Acute) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Hemorrhoids (Piles) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Colorectal Cancer Description Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Diseases of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas Jaundice (Icterus) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Viral Hepatitis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Cirrhosis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Liver Cancer Description Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Gallstones (Cholelithiasis, Choledocholithiasis, Biliary Calculi) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Cholecystitis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Pancreatitis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Pancreatic Cancer Description Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Hernias Hiatal Hernia Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Umbilical Hernia (Periumbilical Hernia) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Inguinal Hernia Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Femoral Hernia Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Incisional Hernia Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Disorders of Nutrient Intake and Malabsorption Obesity Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Celiac Disease (Celiac Sprue, Gluten Enteropathy, Nontropical Sprue) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia (Bulimia Nervosa) Food Poisoning (Food-Borne Illness) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Other Gastrointestinal Disorders Peritonitis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations References Assessments and Activities Matching One Matching Two 12 Urinary Pathologies Pathologies Learning Objectives Urinary System Overview Urinary Pathologies Kidney Disorders Glomerulonephritis (Glomerular Disease) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Kidney Cancer Description Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Nephrotic Syndrome (Nephrosis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Kidney Stones (Renal Calculi, Nephrolithiasis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Pyelonephritis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Polycystic Kidney Disease (Polycystic Kidneys, Cystic Kidney Disease) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Kidney Failure (Renal Failure) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Disorders of the Bladder and Urinary Tract Urinary Tract Infection Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Bladder Infection (Cystitis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Bladder Cancer Description Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Urethritis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Urinary Incontinence Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations References Assessments and Activities Matching One Matching Two 13 Reproductive Pathologies, Conditions, and Sexually Transmitted Infections Pathologies and Conditions Learning Objectives Reproductive System Overview Reproductive Pathologies and Conditions Pathologies of the Prostate Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Prostatitis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Prostate Cancer Description Risk Factors Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Conditions of the Female Reproductive System Menstruation (Menses, Period) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Menopause (Change of Life) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Pathologies of the Female Reproductive System Premenstrual Syndrome Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Amenorrhea (Amenia) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Dysmenorrhea (Menstrual Cramps) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Endometriosis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Uterine Fibroids (Fibromyomas, Leiomyomas, Myomas, Fibroma, Fibroid Tumors) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Uterine Cancer Description Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Cervical Cancer Description Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Uterine Prolapse (Uterine Displacement) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Ovarian Cysts and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Polycystic Ovary Disease, Stein–Leventhal Syndrome) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Ovarian Cancer Description Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Vaginal Candidiasis (Candidiasis Vaginitis, Monilial Vaginitis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Pathologies of the Breasts Fibrocystic Breast Change (Fibrocystic Breast Disease, Benign Breast Disease, Mammillary Dysplasia) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Mastitis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Breast Cancer Description Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Pregnancy and Pathologies Related to Pregnancy Pregnancy Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (Gestational Glucose Intolerance) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Preeclampsia and Eclampsia (Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension, Gestational Hypertension, Toxemia) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Placenta Previa Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Placenta Abruption (Placenta Abruptio, Abruptio Placentae) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Ectopic Pregnancy (Tubal Pregnancy) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Abortion (Spontaneous, Therapeutic, and Elective) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Sexually Transmitted Infections Chlamydia Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Gonorrhea (“The Clap”) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Syphilis Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Genital Herpes (Herpes Genitalis) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Genital Warts (Venereal Warts) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Trichomoniasis (Trich) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Massage and Meds: Female Hormones Assessments and Activities Matching One Matching Two References 14 Cancer Cancer Types Learning Objectives Introduction Tumors Benign Tumors Malignant Tumors Tumor Nomenclature Benign Tumor Nomenclature Malignant Tumor Nomenclature Nomenclature Exceptions Cancer Cells Anaplasia Genetically Unstable Angiogenesis Lack Contact Inhibition Anchorage Independent Immortal Causes of Cancer External Factors Internal Factors Cancer Progression Metastasis Sentinel Nodes Evaluation: Staging and Grading Cancer Staging Roman Numeral Staging TNM Staging Tumor Grading Gleason System Signs and Symptoms of Cancer Caution Cancer and Massage Educate Yourself Be a Team Player Client Intake Screen for Deep Vein Thrombosis Teach Massage to Caregivers Teach Self-Massage Be Accepting and Reverent Treatment Planning and Cancer Treatments Scheduling Technique Palliative Care Surgery Clot Formation Lymphedema Reduced Function Radiation Therapy Skin Reactions Fatigue Chemotherapy Malaise Anemia Nausea, Vomiting, and Diarrhea Mouth Sores Infection Fever Neuropathy Hair Loss Biologic Therapy Hormone Therapy Heat and Cold Intolerance Bone Marrow Transplant Cancer Types Cancer of the Breasts Breast Cancer Description Risk Factors Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Gynecologic Cancers Uterine Cancer Description Risk Factors Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Cervical Cancer Description Risk Factors Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Ovarian Cancer Description Risk Factors Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Cancers of the Digestive System Oral and Pharyngeal Cancers Description Risk Factors Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Stomach Cancer Description Risk Factors Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Colorectal Cancer Description Risk Factors Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Liver Cancer Description Risk Factors Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Pancreatic Cancer Description Risk Factors Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Cancers of the Throat Region Thyroid Cancer Description Risk Factors Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Laryngeal Cancer Description Risk Factors Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Cancers of the Urogenital Tract Kidney Cancer Description Risk Factors Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Bladder Cancer Description Risk Factors Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Prostate Cancer Description Risk Factors Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Bone Cancers Bone Cancers Description Risk Factors Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Brain Tumors Brain Tumors Description Risk Factors Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Lung Cancer Lung Cancer Description Risk Factors Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Hematologic and Lymphoid Cancers Leukemia Description Risk Factors Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Multiple Myeloma Description Risk Factors Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Lymphoma Hodgkin Lymphoma (Hodgkin Disease) Description Risk Factors Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (Malignant Lymphoma) Description Risk Factors Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Skin Cancers Basal Cell Carcinoma Description Risk Factors Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Squamous Cell Carcinoma Description Risk Factors Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Malignant Melanoma Description Risk Factors Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations References Assessments and Activities Matching One Matching Two 15 Mental Disorders Disorders Learning Objectives Introduction Anxiety Disorders Generalized Anxiety Disorder Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Panic Disorder Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Phobic Disorder Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Mood Disorders Major Depressive Disorder (Clinical Depression, Unipolar Depression) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Bipolar Disorder (Manic-Depressive Disorder) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Postpartum Depression Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Seasonal Affective Disorder Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Eating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Bulimia (Bulimia Nervosa) Description Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Massage Considerations Massage and Meds: Meds to Manage Mood Disorders Assessments and Activities Matching One Matching Two References 16 Aging and Massage Learning Objectives Introduction The Aging Process Skin, Hair, and Nails Respiratory Changes Cardiovascular Changes Musculoskeletal Changes Hormonal Changes Neurologic Changes Changes in Vision and Hearing Urinary System Changes Gastrointestinal Changes Disease and the Elderly Massage for the Elderly Client Intake Robust or Frail Visual, Speech, or Hearing Impairments The Massage Room Treatment Guidelines The Elderly: Musings Massage for Persons Nearing the End of Life Assessments and Activities Matching One Matching Two References Appendices Appendix A Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Symbols Appendix B Medical Prefixes, Suffixes, and Plurals Prefixes Suffixes Commonly Used Plural Endings Appendix C Research Article Appendix D Body Planes, Cavities, Regions, Fluid Compartments, and Body Movement* Body Planes Body Cavities Body Regions Body Fluid Compartments Common Body Movements Glossary Illustration Credits Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Z