Evidence-based caries prevention

Description

Foreword Preface Acknowledgements Contents Contributors 1: Dental Caries and Caries Epidemiology 1.1 Dental Caries 1.1.1 Terminology 1.1.2 International Caries Consensus Collaboration (ICCC) 1.2 Caries Epidemiology 1.2.1 Detection and Assessment Criteria 1.2.2 Reporting Data from Caries Epidemiological Surveys 1.2.3 Prevalence and Severity of Dentine Carious Lesions over Time 1.2.4 Prevalence and Extent of Carious Lesions in Infants 1.2.5 Carious Lesion-Susceptible Teeth and Surfaces in Child Populations 1.2.6 Prevalence and Extent of Carious Lesions in the Elderly 1.3 Final Remarks References 2: Detection and Diagnosis of Carious Lesions 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Visual Carious Lesion Detection 2.3 Tactile Carious Lesion Detection 2.4 Radiographic Carious Lesion Detection 2.5 New Detection Methods 2.5.1 Detection Based on Light Transmission 2.5.2 Transillumination Devices 2.5.2.1 Fiber-Optic Transillumination 2.5.2.2 Fiber-Optic Transillumination with a Camera from KaVo®: DIAGNOcam® 2.5.3 Laser Light and Fluorescence 2.5.3.1 Laser-Based Fluorescence System Only The DIAGNOdent® (DIAGNOdent 2095, DIAGNOdent 2190, DIAGNOpen, KaVo Dental, Lake Zurich, IL, USA) Fluorescence Aided for Caries Excavation (FACE, SIROInspect®, Sirona Dental Systems GmbH, Germany) 2.5.3.2 Combination of Camera and Fluorescence Systems The QLF® The Canary® Soprolife® Camera VistaCam® Camera 2.5.4 Various Devices 2.6 Clinical Concept When Using Soprolife®: Light-Induced Fluorescence Evaluator for Diagnosis and Treatment (LIFEDT) 2.6.1 Clinical Recommendation for the Diagnostic Process 2.6.2 Professional Prophylactic Cleaning Steps 2.6.3 The LIFEDT Concept: Treatment of Initial to Moderate Stage of Caries 2.6.4 The LIFEDT Concept Applied to Occlusal Decay (Case 2: Figs. 2.13 and 2.14) 2.6.5 The LIFEDT Concept Applied to Proximal Caries Diagnosis 2.7 Final Remarks References 3: The Assessment of Carious Lesion Activity and Caries Risk 3.1 Carious Lesion Activity Assessment 3.1.1 Rationale for Using Carious Lesion Activity Assessment 3.1.2 How to Perform Caries Lesion Activity Assessment 3.2 Caries Risk Assessment 3.2.1 Caries Risk Assessment: Not Everyone Is Exposed to the Same Risk Factors 3.2.2 Caries Risk Assessment Tools 3.2.3 Validity of the Caries Risk Assessment Tools 3.3 Clinical Cases 3.4 Final Remarks References 4: Remineralisation and Biomimetics: Remineralisation Agents and Fluoride Therapy 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The Healing of Demineralised Dental Enamel 4.3 Fluoride 4.3.1 Delivery Methods for Fluoride 4.3.1.1 Water 4.3.1.2 Fluoridated Milk, Sugar and Salt 4.3.1.3 Supplements: Tablets, Drops, Lozenges and Chewing Gum 4.3.1.4 Toothpaste 4.3.1.5 Mouth Rinses and Gels 4.3.1.6 Varnish 4.3.2 The Limiters of Fluoride Efficacy: Calcium and Phosphate 4.3.3 Fluoride Safety 4.4 Biomimetic Remineralisation 4.4.1 Casein Phosphopeptide: Amorphous Calcium Phosphate 4.4.2 Self-Assembling Peptide P11-4 4.4.3 Arginine 4.4.4 Non-peptide-Based Remineralising Technologies 4.4.4.1 Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (ACP®; American Dental Association Foundation, Chicago, IL, USA) 4.4.4.2 Novamin® (GSK, Middlesex, UK) 4.4.4.3 Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP®; 3MEspe, MN, USA) 4.5 Suggestions for Clinical and Home Use 4.6 Final Remarks References 5: Antimicrobials in Caries Prevention 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Chlorhexidine 5.2.1 Chlorhexidine and Severe Early Childhood Caries 5.2.2 Chlorhexidine and Orthodontic Treatment 5.2.3 Chlorhexidine and Root Caries 5.2.4 Evidence on the Effectiveness of Chlorhexidine 5.3 Ozone 5.3.1 Ozone Safety 5.3.2 Evidence for the Effectiveness of Ozone 5.4 Iodine 5.5 Triclosan 5.6 Natural Antimicrobials 5.7 Final Remarks References 6: The Role of Diet in Caries Prevention 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Cariogenic Diet, Cariogenicity of Food, and Dental Caries 6.3 Factors That Influence the Cariogenicity of Diet 6.4 Interplay of Diet and Other Preventive Measures 6.5 Caries Prevention Through Diet 6.5.1 Xylitol as a Sweetener 6.5.2 Bacteriotherapy and Probiotics 6.5.2.1 Probiotics and Colonization 6.5.2.2 Probiotics and Effects on Oral Health 6.6 Diet Counselling 6.7 Dietary Guidelines and Practical Suggestions 6.7.1 Infants (0–1-Year-Olds) and Toddlers (1–3-Year-Olds) 6.7.2 Childhood 6.7.3 Adults and the Elderly 6.8 Final Remarks References 7: Sealants 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Protective Measures for Keeping Pits and Fissures Healthy 7.3 Indications for Placing a Sealant in General 7.4 Reasons for Placing a Sealant 7.5 Choice of Sealant Material 7.6 Effectiveness of Sealants 7.7 Sealing Partly and Just Erupted Molars 7.8 The High-Viscosity Glass-Ionomer ART Sealant 7.9 The Resin-Based Sealant 7.10 Cavitated Dentine Carious Lesion Prevention with Glass-Ionomer- and Resin-Based Sealants 7.10.1 Possible Extra Reason for the Effectiveness of Glass-­Ionomer Sealants 7.11 Can Sealants Be Used to Seal (Micro-)Cavities? 7.12 Latest Development Regarding Sealant Materials 7.13 Final Remarks References 8: Resin Infiltration: A Microinvasive Treatment for Carious and Hypomineralised Enamel Lesions 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Approximal Surface Carious Lesions and Resin Infiltration 8.2.1 Case Report 1 8.3 Resin Infiltration as an Aesthetic Treatment on Buccal Surfaces 8.3.1 Case Report 2 8.3.2 Case Report 3 8.3.3 Case Report 4 8.4 Final Remarks References 9: Caries Prevention Through Life Course Approach 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Use of Life Course Theory (LCT) in Caries Prevention 9.3 Interprofessional Education and Practice 9.4 Behavior Management 9.5 Preventive Programs 9.6 Perinatal and Infant Oral Health 9.7 Infant Oral Health 9.8 Mechanical Plaque Removal 9.8.1 Brushing 9.8.2 Electrical Toothbrushes 9.8.3 Interdental Cleaning 9.9 Tailored Recall Intervals 9.10 Elderly 9.11 Final Remarks References 10: Caries Management and Prevention in Relation to the Needs of the Patient 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Phase 1: Pregnancy 10.2.1 Does Pregnancy Cause Tooth Loss? 10.2.2 Can an Expectant Mother Ensure to Have Healthy Dentition in Her Baby? 10.3 Phase 2: Childhood 10.3.1 How Can We Prevent Early Childhood Caries? 10.3.2 How Can We Treat Severe Early Childhood Caries? 10.4 Phase 3: Adolescence 10.4.1 How to Deal with Enamel Carious Lesions in Orthodontic Patients? 10.4.2 Early Caries and Their Consequences: Can We Treat Them at Home? 10.5 Phase 4: Adulthood 10.5.1 Do Some Patients Have Weak Teeth? 10.6 Phase 5: Senescence (Old Age) 10.6.1 Do Teeth Go Rotten as Patients Get Old? 10.7 Phase 6: Extraordinaries in Life: Life Phases May Be Different for Some 10.7.1 Do Disabilities Have an Effect on Oral Health? 10.7.2 Will Cancer Treatment Ruin the Teeth? 10.7.3 Do Systemic Conditions Affect Oral Health? 10.8 Final Remarks References Index