English Language Skills

Description

Cover Contents Unit I: Listening Skill 1. Listening Skill Introduction Hearing and Listening Phonetic Features of Listening Purpose of Listening Barrier to Listening Guidelines for Improving Listening Skill Summary Self-Analysis Evaluation Form of Your Listening Skill Review Questions Exercises Unit II: Speaking Skill 2. English Sound System Introduction Distinction Between Letters and Sounds Classifi cation of English Sounds Syllable: Its Structure Silent Consonant Letters in Some Words Confusing Sounds for Practice Words and Sentences for Practising Vowel Contrasts Summary Review Questions Exercises 3. Accentual Pattern of Words and Sentences Introduction Accentual Pattern of Single Words Accentual Pattern of Compound Words Accent Change According to Function Sentence Accent Summary Review Questions Exercises 4. Effective Speech Introduction Elision of Sounds or Syllables Addition of Sounds or Syllables Transposition of Sounds Pronunciation Based on Semantics Pronunciation of Infl ectional Suffi xes Pronunciation of Some Common Word Endings General Suggestions for Pronunciation Enunciation Pronunciation of Consecutive Consonants Word Combinations in Sentences Summary Review Questions Exercises 5. The Art of Conversation Introduction Small Talk Body Language Principles of a Good Conversationalist Summary Review Questions Exercises 6. Debate Introduction Process of Organisation Purpose Rebuttal Participating in a Debate The Judges’ Decision Preparation for the Debate Summary Review Questions Exercises 7. Group Discussion Introduction Conversation, Debate and Group Discussion Kinds of Groups Importance of a Group Discussion Features of a Group Discussion Strategies of a Group Interaction Barriers to an Effective Group Discussion Suggestions for Self-Improvement Summary Review Questions Exercises Unit III: Study Skill 8. Dictionary: Its Use Introduction The Meaning of a Word The Spelling of a Word The Pronunciation of a Word Synonyms and Antonyms Grammar Abbreviations Dictionary Symbols Use of a Thesaurus Summary Review Questions Exercises 9. Prepositions and Phrasal Verbs Introduction Prepositions Idiomatic Combinations Phrasal Verbs Summary Review Questions Exercises 10. Vocabulary Extension Introduction Context Clues Word Analysis Semantic Changes Word-Formation Methods Synonyms Antonyms One Word Substitution Summary Review Questions Exercises 11. Effective Use of Words Introduction Word Order Word: Its Meaning Avoid Clichés Summary Review Questions Exercises 12. Effective Sentences Introduction Unity of the Sentences Coordination and Subordination Emphasis in the Sentence Use Periodic Sentences Effective Repetition of Words and Ideas Parallel Structures Summary Review Questions Exercises 13. Learning Spellings Introduction Spelling Rules Commonly Misspelled Words Variant Spellings Spell-Checker Summary Exercises 14. Punctuation Introduction End Punctuation Marks Internal Punctuation Marks Direct Quotation Punctuation Marks Word Punctuation Spacing with Punctuation Too Much Punctuation Summary Review Questions Exercises 15. Common Errors in English Introduction Errors in Using Nouns Errors in Using Pronouns Errors in Using Prepositions Errors in Using Verbs Errors in Using Gerund or an Infi nitive Use an Infi nitive not a Gerund Errors in Using Adjectives Errors in Using Adverbs Errors in Using Conjunctions Errors in Using Punctuations Common Errors Due to Commonly Confused Words Summary Review Questions Exercises Unit IV: Reading Skill 16. Reading Skill Introduction Mechanics of Reading Types of Reading Reading Speed Summary Review Questions Exercises Unit V: Writing Skill 17. Paraphrase Writing and Précis Writing Introduction Paraphrase Writing Methods of Paraphrasing Difference Between Paraphrase and Précis Guidelines for Writing Paraphrase Defi nition of a Précis Principles of Writing a Précis Steps for Writing a Précis Methods of Abridging Sentences Summary Review Questions Exercises 18. Note-Making and Summary Writing Introduction Note-Making Organising the Information Shortening Process Acquiring Note-Making Skills Taking Notes Summary Writing Basics of Writing a Summary Overall Organisation Guidelines for Writing a Summary Summary Review Questions Exercises 19. Paragraph Writing Introduction Unity of the Paragraph The Development of Sentences Coherence in the Paragraph Paragraph Development Types of Paragraphs Summary Review Questions Exercises 20. Writing an Essay Introduction Features of an Essay Thesis Statement Organisation of the Material Modes of Developing Essays Revise and Proofread the Essay Summary Review Questions Exercises Unit VI: Business Communication 21. Structure and Style of Business Correspondence Introduction Structure Layout of a Business Letter Styles of Presentation Style of Writing Summary Review Questions Exercises 22. Various Types of Letters Introduction Enquiry Letter Important Points Some Useful Expressions Quotation Letter Important Points Some Useful Expressions Orders and Acknowledgement of an Order Orders Important Points Some Useful Expressions Acknowledgement of an Order Important Points Some Useful Expressions Complaint and Adjustment Letters Complaint Letter Important Points Some Useful Expressions Adjustment Letter Important Points Circular Letter Summary Review Questions Exercises 23. Sales Letter Introduction Features of a Sales Letter Structure of a Sales Letter Main Body of the Letter Concluding Paragraph Some Useful Expressions Summary Review Questions Exercises 24. Job Application Introduction Locating Job Vacancies Preparing a Résumé Elements of a Résumè Selection of the Organisational Plan Preparation of the Final Copy Writing a Job Application Letter Summary Review Questions Exercises Appendix A: Grammar and Usage: A Review Appendix B: Speech Acts Appendix C: One Word Substitutes Appendix D: Lexical Items Appendix E: Commonly Confused Words Appendix F: Idiomatic Expressions Appendix G: Semantic Problems of Singular and Plural Nouns Appendix H: American and British English Appendix I: Foreign Words