United States Department of State (1941) - Peace and War. United States Foreign Policy 1931-1941

Description

"On January 2, 1943 the Department of state released a publication entitled 'Peace and war: United States foreign policy, 1931-1941,' containing references to a number of documents concerning the conduct of the foreign relations of the United States during that ten-year period. It was stated at the time that these documents would be published later. They are accordingly published herein, together with a reprint of the publication released on January 2."--Foreword. CONTENTS Page I THE FATEFUL DECADE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 II JAPANESE CONQUEST OF MANCHURIA 1931 1932 . . . . . . . . . . 4 Attack of September 18, 1931 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 "Non-Recognition" Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Ambassador Grew's Report on Japanese Military Spirit . . . . 6 Condemnation of Japanese Aggression . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 III DISARMAMENT DISCUSSIONS 1932-1934 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Statement of February 1932 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Proposal of May 16, 1933 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Statement of May 22, 1933 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Japanese Denunciation of Naval Treaty of 1922 . . . . . . . . 12 IV WARNINGS OF DANGER 1933-1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Secretary Hull's Conversation With the German Ambassador. . . 13 Consul General Messersmith's Report From Berlin . . . . . . . 13 President Roosevelt's Address of December 28, 1933 . . . . . 14 Acting Commercial Attaché Miller's Report on the Nazis . . . 15 Reported German-Japanese Entente . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Addresses by Secretary Hull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Relations With Japan—1934 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Defeat of Proposed Adherence to World Court . . . . . . . . . 21 Warnings February—June 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Proposed Arms Embargo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Neutrality Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Montevideo Conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 National Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 V ITALIAN CONQUEST OF ETHIOPIA 1935—1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Italian Preparations for War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Outbreak of War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Secretary Hull's Conversation With the Italian Ambassador . . 32 VI DEVELOPING DANGERS 1936—1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Warnings by President Roosevelt and Secretary Hull . . . . . . 34 Civil Conflict in Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Addresses by President Roosevelt and Secretary Hull . . . . . 37 Japanese Expansion and Attitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 London Naval Conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 German-Japanese Anti-Comintern Pact . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Inter-American Peace Conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 National Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 v CONTENTS Page VII JAPANESE ATTACK ON CHINA 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 National Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Marco Polo Bridge Incident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Secretary Hull's Statement of Principles . . . . . . . . . . 45 Offer of Good Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 President Roosevelt's "Quarantine" Address . . . . . . . . . 49 Brussels Conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Panay Incident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 VIII EUROPEAN CRISIS 1938 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 United States Rearmament . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 German Occupation of Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Secretary Hull's Address of March 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Increased Tension in Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Munich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Return of United States Ambassador From Germany . . . . . . . 60 Lima Conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 IX EUROPEAN WAR 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 United States Rearmament . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Invasion of Czechoslovakia and Albania . . . . . . . . . . . 63 President Roosevelt's Appeal to Hitler and Mussolini . . . . 64 Neutrality Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 August Crisis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Panama Conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 X EUROPEAN WAR 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 President Roosevelt's Address to Congress January 3 . . . . . 71 Visit of Under Secretary Welles to Europe . . . . . . . . . . 71 German Invasion of Denmark and Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Efforts To Keep Italy out of the War . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 German Invasion of the Low Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 United States Aid to Opponents of Force . . . . . . . . . . . 76 French Appeal to the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Fall of France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Monroe Doctrine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 XI DEFENSE MEASURES OF THE UNITED STATES 1940 . . . . . . . . . 80 President Roosevelt's Request for 50,000 Planes . . . . . . . 80 Secretary Hull's Address of June 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Habana Conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 "We Cannot Pursue Complacently the Course of Our Customary Normal Life" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Exchange of Destroyers for Bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Treaty of Alliance Between Germany, Italy, and Japan . . . . 84 Secretary Hull's Address of October 26 . . . . . . . . . . . 85 President Roosevelt's "Arsenal of Democracy" Address . . . . 86 vi CONTENTS Page XII RELATIONS WITH JAPAN 1938-1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Principles of United States Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 "Moral Embargoes" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 United States Protest December 31, 1938 . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Notice of Termination of Commercial Treaty With Japan . . . . 90 Secretary Hull's Conversations With the Japanese Ambassador . 91 Status of Netherlands Indies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Instruction to Ambassador Grew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Temporary Closing of the Burma Road . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Report From Ambassador Grew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Japanese Penetration Into Indochina . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Restrictions on Exports to Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 XIII EUROPEAN WAR 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 The Four Freedoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Lend-Lease Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Invasion of Greece and Yugoslavia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Greenland Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Secretary Hull's Address of April 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Unlimited National Emergency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Policy Toward France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 The Robin Moor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 German Attack on Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Agreement With Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Atlantic Charter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Aid to Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Battle of the Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Revision of the Neutrality Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 "We Americans Have Cleared Our Decks and Taken Our Battle Stations" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 XIV DISCUSSIONS WITH JAPAN 1941 PEARL HARBOR . . . . . . . . . . 118 Secretary Hull's Statement on Japanese Aggression, January 15 118 Report That Japan Might Attack Pearl Harbor . . . . . . . . . 118 Arrival of Ambassador Nomura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Exploratory Conversations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Japanese Proposal of May 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 United States Proposal of June 21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Report of Japanese Plan To Attack Russia . . . . . . . . . . 123 Japanese Occupation of Southern Indochina . . . . . . . . . . 123 Freezing of Japanese Assets in the United States . . . . . . 126 Japanese Proposal of August 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 United States British Collaboration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Warning to Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Proposed Meeting of President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Konoye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Japanese Proposal of September 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Ambassador Grew's Report That War Might Be "Inevitable" . . . 136 Kurusu Sent to Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 vii CONTENTS Page XIV Discussions WITH JAPAN 1941 PEARL HARBOR Continued. Japanese Proposal of November 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 United States Memorandum of November 26 . . . . . . . . . . . 141 "Japan May Move Suddenly" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Reported Japanese Troop Movements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 President Roosevelt's Message to the Emperor of Japan . . . . 147 Pearl Harbor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 War With Japan, Germany, and Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 XV UNITED NATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 viii DOCUMENTS 1 The Minister in China (Johnson) to the Secretary of State, September 22, 1931 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 2 Memorandum Handed by the Secretary of State to the Japanese Ambassador (Debuchi), September 22, 1931 . . . . . . . . . . 156 3 The Secretary of State to the Consul at Geneva (Gilbert), October 9, 1931 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 4 The Secretary of State to the Chargé in Japan (Neville), October 20, 1931 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 5 The Secretary of State to the Ambassador in Japan (Forbes), January 7, 1932 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 6 The Secretary of State to the Ambassador in Japan (Forbes), February 1, 1932 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 7 Address Delivered by the Honorable Hugh S. Gibson, of the United States Delegation, at the General Disarmament Conference, Geneva, February 9, 1932 . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 8 The Secretary of State to the Minister in Switzerland (Wilson), February 12, 1932 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 9 The Secretary of State to the Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations (Borah), United States Senate, February 23, 1932 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 10 The Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to the Secretary of State, August 13, 1932 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 11 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation With the Japanese Ambassador (Debuchi), January 5, 1933 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 12 The Secretary of State to the Minister in Switzerland (Wilson), February 25, 1933 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 13 The Secretary of State to the Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs (McReynolds), House of Representatives, April 5, 1933 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 14 President Roosevelt to the Secretary of State, May 6, 1933 . 179 15 Message of President Roosevelt to the Congress, May 16, 1933 179 16 Memorandum by the Secretary of State to the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, May 17, 1933 . . . . 183 17 Address Delivered by the Honorable Norman H. Davis, Chairman of the United States Delegation, at the General Disarmament Conference, Geneva, May 22, 1933 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 18 The Consul General at Berlin (Messersmith) to the Under Secretary of State (Phillips), June 26, 1933 . . . . . . . . 197 ix CONTENTS Page 19 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation With the German Ambassador (Luther), October 9, 1933 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 20 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation With the German Ambassador (Luther), November 2, 1933 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 21 The Consul General at Berlin (Messersmith) to the Under Secretary of State (Phillips), November 23, 1933 . . . . . . 194 22 Statement by the Secretary of State at the Seventh International Conference of American States, Montevideo, December 15, 1933 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 23 Rights and Duties of States Convention Signed at Montevideo, December 26, 1933 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 24 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt at Washington, December 28, 1933 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 25 Informal and Personal Message From the Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs (Hirota) to the Secretary of State, February 21, 1934 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 26 Informal and Personal Message From the Secretary of State to the Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs (Hirota), March 3, 1934 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 27 The Appointed Minister to Austria (Messersmith) to the Under Secretary of State (Phillips), April 21, 1934 . . . . . . . . 211 28 The Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to the Secretary of State, April 25, 1934 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 29 The Secretary of State to the Ambassador in Japan (Grew), April 28, 1934 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 30 Address Delivered by the Secretary of State at Washington, May 5, 1934 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 31 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation With the Japanese Ambassador (Saito), May 16, 1934 . . . . . 220 32 Memorandum by the United States Military Attaché, Berlin, May 17, 1934 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 33 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation With the Japanese Ambassador (Saito), May 19, 1934 . . . . . 223 34 Statement by the Honorable Norman H. Davis, Chairman of the United States Delegation to the General Disarmament Conference, at a Meeting of the General Commission of the Conference, at Geneva, May 29, 1934 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 35 Address Delivered by the Secretary of State at Williamsburg, Virginia, June 11, 1934 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 36 The Consul at Berlin (Geist) to the Chief of the Division of Western European Affairs (Moffat), Department of State, September 15,1934 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 37 The Ambassador in Italy (Long) to the Secretary of State, September 28, 1934 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 38 The Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to the Secretary of State, December 27, 1934 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 x CONTENTS Page 39 Statement by the Secretary of State, December 29, 1934 . . . 244 40 Message of President Roosevelt to the Senate, January 16, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 41 The Minister in Austria (Messersmith) to the Under Secretary of State (Phillips), February 8, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 42 The Ambassador in Italy (Long) to the Secretary of State, February 14, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 43 Address Delivered by the Secretary of State at New York, February 16, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 44 Memorandum by the Minister to Austria (Messersmith) Regarding a Conversation With the Ambassador in Germany (Dodd), March 22, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 45 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation With the German Ambassador (Luther), March 28, 1935 . . . . . 256 46 Address Delivered by the Secretary of State at New York, June 12, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 47 Address Delivered by the Secretary of State at Ann Arbor, Michigan, June 17, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 48 The Secretary of State to the Ambassador in Italy (Long), August 18, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 49 "Neutrality Act" of August 31, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 50 Statement by President Roosevelt, August 31, 1935 . . . . . . 271 51 The Ambassador in Italy (Long) to the Secretary of State, September 10, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 52 Statement by the Secretary of State, September 12, 1935 . . . 274 53 The Ambassador in Italy (Long) to the Secretary of State, September 13, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 54 Statement by President Roosevelt, October 5, 1935 . . . . . . 283 55 The Secretary of State to the United States Delegation at Geneva, October 9, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 56 The Secretary of State to the United States Delegation at Geneva, October 17, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 57 Radio Address of the Secretary of State, November 6, 1935 . . 285 58 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt at Arlington National Cemetery, November 11, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 59 The Minister in Switzerland (Wilson) to the Secretary of State, November 13, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 60 Statement by the Secretary of State, November 15, 1935 . . . 292 61 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation With the Italian Ambassador (Rosso), November 22, 1935 . . . 293 62 Statement by the Secretary of State, December 5, 1935 . . . . 301 63 Memorandum by the First Secretary of the United States Embassy in Japan (Dickover), December 23, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . 302 xi CONTENTS Page 64 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt Before the Congress, January 3, 1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 65 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation With the British Ambassador (Lindsay), January 22, 1936 . . . 308 66 The Minister in Switzerland (Wilson) to the Secretary of State, January 27, 1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 67 President Roosevelt to the President of the Argentine Republic (Justo), January 30, 1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 68 "Neutrality Act" of February 29, 1936 , . . . . . . . . . . . 313 69 Statement by President Roosevelt, February 29, 1936 . . . . . 314 70 President Roosevelt to Mrs. William A. Becker, President General, Daughters of the American Revolution, April 20, 1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 71 Statement by the Honorable Norman H. Davis, Chairman of the United States Delegation, London Naval Conference, May 13, 1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 72 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation With the Japanese Ambassador to Great Britain (Yoshida), June 12, 1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 73 The Acting Secretary of State (Phillips) to the Diplomatic and Consular Officers of the United States in Spain, August 7, 1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 74 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt at Chautauqua, New York, August 14, 1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 75 Statement by the Department of State, August 22, 1936 . . . . 329 76 Address Delivered by the Secretary of State at Washington, September 7, 1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 77 Address Delivered by the Secretary of State at New York, September 15, 1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 78 The Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to the Secretary of State, December 4, 1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 79 Address Delivered by the Secretary of State at Buenos Aires, December 5,1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342 80 Declaration of Principles of Inter-American Solidarity and Cooperation, Buenos Aires, December 21, 1936 . . . . . . . . 352 81 Joint Resolution To Prohibit the Exportation of Arms, Ammunition, and Implements of War From the United States to Spain, January 8, 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 82 Statement by President Roosevelt, January 8, 1937 . . . . . . 354 83 "Neutrality Act" of May 1, 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 84 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation With the Italian Ambassador (Suvich), July 6, 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 85 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation With the Japanese Ambassador (Saito), July 12, 1937 . . . . . 368 86 Statement by the Secretary of State, July 16, 1937 . . . . . 370 xii CONTENTS Page 87 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation With the Japanese Ambassador (Saito), July 21, 1937 . . . . . 371 88 The Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to the Secretary of State, August 10, 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374 89 Press Release Issued by the Department of State on August 23, 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 90 The Secretary of State to the Ambassador in Japan (Grew), September 2, 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 91 Statement by President Roosevelt, September 14, 1937 . . . . 380 92 The Secretary of State to the Minister in Switzerland (Harrison), September 28, 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 93 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt at Chicago, October 5, 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 94 Press Release Issued by the Department of State on October 6, 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 95 The Secretary of State to the Honorable Norman H. Davis, United States Delegate to the Conference at Brussels, October 18, 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 96 Declaration Adopted by the Conference at Brussels on November 15, 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 97 Declaration Adopted by the Conference at Brussels on November 24, 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 98 The Secretary of State to the Ambassador in Japan (Grew), December 13, 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 99 The Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to the Secretary of State, December 14, 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 100 Report of the United States Delegate to the Conference at Brussels (Davis), December 16, 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 101 President Roosevelt to the Speaker of the House of Representatives (Bankhead), January 6, 1938 . . . . . . . . . 400 102 The Secretary of State to the Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs (McReynolds), House of Representatives, January 8, 1938 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 103 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation With the German Ambassador (Dieckhoff), January 14, 1938 . . 402 104 Message of President Roosevelt to the Congress, January 28, 1938 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 105 The Secretary of State to the Honorable Louis Ludlow, House of Representatives, February 10, 1938 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 106 Address Delivered by the Secretary of State at Washington, March 17, 1938 . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 107 The Secretary of State to the Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations (Pittman), United States Senate, May 12, 1938 . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 xiii CONTENTS Page 108 Memorandum of a Press Conference of the Secretary of State, June 11, 1938 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 109 The Chief of the Office of Arms and Munitions Control (Green), Department of State, to One Hundred Forty eight Persons and Companies Manufacturing Airplane Parts, July 1, 1938 . . . . 422 110 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation With the German Ambassador (Dieckhoff), July 7, 1938 . . . . 423 111 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation With the Canadian Minister (Marler), September 21, 1938 . . . 424 112 Press Release Issued by the Department of State on September 26, 1938 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 113 Press Release Issued by the Department of State on September 27, 1938 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426 114 President Roosevelt to the Ambassador in Italy (Phillips), September 27, 1938 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 115 President Roosevelt to the Chancelor of Germany (Hitler), September 27, 1938 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 116 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation With the German Ambassador (Dieckhoff), September 28, 1938 . 429 117 Statement by the Secretary of State, September 30, 1938 . . . 430 118 The Secretary of State to President Roosevelt, October 21, 1938. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 119 Address Delivered by the Secretary of State at New York, November 1, 1938 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 120 Statement by President Roosevelt, November 15, 1938 . . . . . 439 121 Declaration of Lima" by the Eighth International Conference of American States, December 24, 1938 . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 122 Declaration of American Principles by the Eighth International Conference of American States, December 24, 1938 . . . . . . 440 123 The Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to the Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs (Arita), December 30, 1938 . . . . . . . . . 441 124 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt to the Congress, January 4, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447 125 Message of President Roosevelt to the Congress, January 12, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 126 Statement by the Acting Secretary of State (Welles), March 17,1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 127 Statement by the Secretary of State, April 8, 1939 . . . . . 455 128 President Roosevelt to the Chancelor of Germany (Hitler), April 14, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 129 Address Delivered by the Secretary of State at Washington, April 25, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 xiv CONTENTS Page 130 The Secretary of State to the Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations (Pittman), United States Senate, May 27,1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 131 Statement by the Secretary of State, .July 1, 1939 . . . . . 465 132 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation With the Japanese Ambassador (Horinouchi), July 10, 1939 . . 465 133 Message From President Roosevelt to the Congress Transmitting a Statement by the Secretary of State, July 14, 1939 . . . . 468 134 Press Release Issued by the White House on July 18, 1939 . . 479 135 The Secretary of State to the Japanese Ambassador (Horinouchi), July 26, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 136 President Roosevelt to King Victor Emmanuel of Italy, August 23, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 137 President Roosevelt to the Chancelor of Germany (Hitler), August 24, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 138 President Roosevelt to the President of the Polish Republic (Moscicki), August 24, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478 139 President Roosevelt to the Chancelor of Germany (Hitler), August 25, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 140 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation With the Japanese Ambassador (Horinouchi), August 26, 1939 . 480 141 The German Charge (Thomsen) to the Secretary of State, August 31, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 142 Radio Address Delivered by President Roosevelt From Washington, September 3, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 143 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt to the Congress, September 21, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486 144 Address Delivered by the Under Secretary of State (Welles) at Panama, September 25, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488 145 Neutrality Act of November 4, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499 146 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt to the Congress, January 3, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 147 Statement by President Roosevelt, March 29, 1940 . . . . . . 519 148 Statement by President Roosevelt, April 13, 1940 . . . . . . 515 149 Statement by the Secretary of State, April 17, 1940 . . . . . 515 150 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation With the Japanese Ambassador (Horinouchi), April 20, 1940 . . 517 151 President Roosevelt to the Premier of Italy (Mussolini), April 29, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519 152 The Ambassador in Italy (Phillips) to the Secretary of State, May 1, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520 xv CONTENTS Page 153 The Premier of Italy (Mussolini) to President Roosevelt, May 2, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522 154 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt at Washington, May 10, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523 155 President Roosevelt to the Premier of Italy (Mussolini), May 14, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526 156 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt to the Congress, May 16, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 157 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation With the Japanese Ambassador (Horinouchi), May 16, 1940 . . . 532 158 The Premier of Italy (Mussolini) to President Roosevelt, May 18, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536 159 President Roosevelt to the Premier of Italy (Mussolini), May 26, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536 160 The Ambassador in Italy (Phillips) to the Secretary of State, May 27, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537 161 The Secretary of State to the Ambassador in Italy (Phillips), May 30, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538 162 The Secretary of State to the Ambassador in Japan (Grew), May 30, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540 163 Message of President Roosevelt to the Congress, May 31, 1940 542 164 The Ambassador in Italy (Phillips) to the Secretary of State, June 1, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544 165 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt at Charlottesville, Virginia, June 10, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545 166 The President of the French Council of Ministers (Reynaud) to President Roosevelt, June 10, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549 167 President Roosevelt to the President of the French Council of Ministers (Reynaud), June 13, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550 168 The President of the French Council of Ministers (Reynaud) to President Roosevelt, June 14, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551 169 President Roosevelt to the President of the French Council of Ministers (Reynaud), June 15, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552 170 The Secretary of State to the Ambassador Near the French Government at Bordeaux (Biddle), June 17, 1940 . . . . . . . 553 171 The Ambassador Near the French Government at Bordeaux (Biddle) to the Secretary of State, June 18, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . 554 172 Press Release Issued by the Department of State on June 19, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555 173 Address Delivered by the Secretary of State at Harvard University, June 20, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556 174 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation With the British Ambassador (Lothian) and the Australian Minister (Casey), June 28, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559 xvi CONTENTS Page 175 Statement by the Secretary of State, July 5, 1940 . . . . . . 560 176 Statement by the Secretary of State, July 16, 1940 . . . . . 562 177 Declaration of. Reciprocal Assistance and Cooperation for the Defense of the Nations of the Americas, Habana, July 30, 1940 562 178 Statement by the Secretary of State, August 6, 1940 . . . . 563 179 Message of President Roosevelt to the Congress, September 3, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564 180 Press Release Issued by the Department of State on September 7, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568 181 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding„a Conversation With the French Ambassador (Henry Haye), September 11,1940. . 568 182 The Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to the Secretary of State, September 12, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569 183 Press Release Issued by the Department of State on September 23, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572 184 Statement by the Secretary of State, September 27, 1940 . . . 573 185 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation With the British Ambassador (Lothian), September 30, 1940 . . 574 186 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation With the Japanese Ambassador (Horinouchi), October 8, 1940 . 576 187 The Secretary of State to the Charge in France (Matthews), October 25, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . 580 188 Address Delivered by the Secretary of State at Washington, October 26, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581 189 The Charge in France (Matthews) to the Secretary of State, November 1, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591 190 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation With the French Ambassador (Henry Haye), November 4, 1940 . . 592 191 President Roosevelt to King George of Greece, December 5, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595 192 President Roosevelt to the Appointed Ambassador to France (Leahy), December 20, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596 193 Radio Address Delivered by President Roosevelt From Washington, December 29, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599 194 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt to the Congress, January 6, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608 195 Statement by the Secretary of State Before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, January 15, 1941 . 612 196 The Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to the Secretary of State, January 27, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618 197 The Secretary of State to the Minister in Yugoslavia (Lane), February 9, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619 198 The Secretary of State to the Minister in Yugoslavia (Lane), February 14, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619 xvii CONTENTS Page 199 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation With the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), March 8, 1941 . . . . 620 200 "Lend-Lease Act", March 11, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627 201 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt at Washington, March 15, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631 202 Memorandum by the Acting Secretary of State (Welles) Regarding a Conversation With the Soviet Ambassador (Oumansky), March 20, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638 203 The Secretary of State to the Minister in Bulgaria (Earle), April 5, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638 204 Statement by the Secretary of State, April 6, 1941 . . . . . 638 205 The Secretary of State to the Minister in Portugal (Fish), April 10, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639 206 Statement by the Department o€ State, April 10, 1941 . . . . 640 207 Address Delivered by the Secretary of State at Washington, April 24, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648 208 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation With the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), May 11, 1941 . . . . . 653 209 Draft Proposal Handed by the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura) to the Secretary of State on May 12, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . 656 210 Radio Address Delivered by President Roosevelt From Washington, May 27, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662 211 Statement by the Secretary of State at a Press Conference, June 5, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673 212 Message of President Roosevelt to the Congress, June 20, 1941 674 213 Draft Proposal Handed by the Secretary of State to the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), June 21, 1941 . . . . . . . . . 677 214 Statement by the Acting Secretary of State (Welles) at a Press Conference, June 23, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683 215 Statement Handed by the Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to Mr. Tomohiko Ushiba, Private Secretary of the Japanese Prime Minister (Prince Konoye), July 6, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . 685 216 Message of President Roosevelt, to the Congress, July 7, 1941 686 217 Statement Handed by the Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs (Matsuoka) to the Ambassador in Japan (Grew), July 8, 1941 . 691 218 Memorandum by the Acting Secretary of State (Welles) Regarding a Conversation With the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), July 23, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693 219 Statement by the Acting Secretary of State (Welles), July 24, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698 220 Memorandum by the Acting Secretary of State (Welles), July 24, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699 xviii CONTENTS Page 221 Informal Remarks of President Roosevelt to the Volunteer Participation Committee, Washington, July 24, 1941 . . . . . 703 222 Statement Issued by the, White House on July 26, 1941 . . . . 704 223 Oral Statement Handed by the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura) to the Secretary of State on August 6, 1941 . . . . . . . . . 705 224 Memorandum Regarding a Conversation Between the Secretary of State and the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), August 8, 1941 . 707 225 Document Handed by the Secretary of State to the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), August 8, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709 226 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation With the British Ambassador (Halifax), August 9, 1941 . . . . 710 227 Joint Message of President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill to Joseph Stalin, President of the Soviet of People's Commissars of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, August 15,1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711 228 Memorandum by the Secretary of State, August 17, 1941 . . . . 712 229 Message of President Roosevelt to the Congress, August 21, 1941, Embodying Text of the Atlantic Charter . . . 717 230 Memorandum by the Secretary of State, August 28, 1941 . . . . 724 231 Memorandum Regarding a Conversation Between the Secretary of State and the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), August 28, 1941 . 724 232 Memorandum by the Secretary of State, September 3, 1941 . . . 728 233 Memorandum by the Ambassador in Japan (Grew), September 6, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733 234 Draft Proposal Handed by the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura) to the Secretary of State on September 6, 1941 . . . . . . . 735 235 Radio Address Delivered by President Roosevelt From Washington, September 11, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737 236 Document Handed by the Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs (Toyoda) to the Ambassador in Japan (Grew), September 22, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 744 237 Memorandum Regarding a Conversation Between the Secretary of State and the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), September 23, 1941 . 745 238 Document Handed by the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura) to the Secretary of State on September 27, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . 746 239 Memorandum Regarding a Conversation Between the Secretary of State and the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), September 29, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750 240 Memorandum Regarding a Conversation Between the Secretary of State and the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), October 2, 1941 . 754 241 Oral Statement Handed by the Secretary of State to the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), October 2, 1941 . . . . . . . . 756 xix CONTENTS Page 242 Message of President Roosevelt to the Congress, October 9, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761 243 Statement by the Secretary of State Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, October 21, 1941 . . 765 244 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt at Washington, October 27, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767 245 The Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to the Secretary of State, November 3, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 772 246 Document Handed by the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura) to the Secretary of State on November 7, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . 776 247 Address Delivered by the Secretary of the Navy (Knox) at Providence, November 11, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776 248 Address Delivered by the Under Secretary of State (Welles) at Washington, November 11, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784 249 Joint Resolution To Repeal Sections 2, 3, and 6 of the Neutrality Act of 1939, and for Other Purposes, November 17, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787 250 The Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to the Secretary of State, November 17, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788 251 Memorandum by the Secretary of State, November 17, 1941 . . . 789 252 Memorandum Regarding a Conversation Between the Secretary of State, the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), and Mr. Kurusu, November 18, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792 253 Memorandum Regarding a Conversation Between the Secretary of State, the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), and Mr. Kurusu, November 20, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . 799 254 Draft Proposal Handed by the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura) to the Secretary of State on November 20, 1941 . . . . . . . . . 801 255 Memorandum Regarding a Conversation Between the Secretary of State, the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), and Mr. Kurusu, November 22, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802 256 Memorandum Regarding a Conversation Between the Secretary of State, the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), and Mr. Kurusu, November 26, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807 257 Document. Handed by the Secretary of State to the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), November 26, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . 810 258 Oral Statement Handed by the Secretary of State to the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), November 26, 1941 . . . . . . . 812 259 Memorandum by the Secretary of State, November 27, 1941 . . . 814 260 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation With the British Ambassador (Halifax), November 29, 1941 . . 816 261 Memorandum Regarding a Conversation Between the Secretary of State, the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), and Mr. Kurusu, December 1, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817 xx CONTENTS Page 262 Memorandum Regarding a Conversation Between the Under Secretary of State (Welles), the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), and Mr. Kurusu, December 2, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823 263 Memorandum Regarding a Conversation Between the Secretary of State, the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), and Mr. Kurusu, December 5, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826 264 President Roosevelt to Emperor Hirohito of Japan, December 6, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829 265 Memorandum Regarding a Conversation Between the Secretary of State, the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), and Mr. Kurusu, December 7, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831 266 The Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to the Secretary of State, December 8, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838 267 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt to the Congress, December 8, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839 268 Joint Resolution Declaring That a State of War Exists Between the Imperial Government of Japan and the Government and the People of the United States and Making Provisions To Prosecute the Same, December 8, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841 269 The Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to the Secretary of State, December 9, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841 270 Radio Address Delivered by President Roosevelt From Washington, December 9, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842 271 Message of President Roosevelt to the Congress, December 11, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848 272 Joint Resolution Declaring That a State of War Exists Between the Government of Germany and the Government and the People of the United States and Making Provision To Prosecute the Same, December 11, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 849 273 Joint Resolution Declaring That a State of War Exists Between the Government of Italy and the Government and the People of the United States and Making Provision to Prosecute the Same, December 11, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850 274 Declaration by United-Nations, January 1, 1942 . . . . . . . 850