Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas for Biomedical Applications

Description

Electromagnetic waves have long been used in medical settings for diagnostic purposes, such as for the detection of cancerous tissues, stroke events or cardiovascular risk, as the behaviour of the waves upon meeting their target gives pertinent information for diagnostic and imaging purposes. This edited book presents advances in the use of electromagnetic waves and antennas in healthcare settings, both as diagnostic tools (such as radar-based imaging, holographic microwave imaging, thermoacoustic imaging systems), and therapeutic interventions (such as microwave ablation therapies for cancer). Written by an international team of biomedical engineering researchers, it discusses all aspects related to the design and modelling of electromagnetic imaging techniques, electromagnetic devices, wireless implants, wearable systems and wireless sensor networks and in vitro and in vivo testing. Design issues for wearable antennas, wearable sensors, magnetic coils and coil array issues are explored and biomedical applications such as cancer detection, stoke event detection, GI diagnostics, and cardiovascular risk prediction are discussed. The book also explores scattering problems of electromagnetic waves between different tissues, and how these complex scattering problems can be resolved. This book will be of interest to researchers and engineers in the electromagnetic wave community, those in antenna research, biomedical engineering and related fields. Contents About the editor 1. Point-spread functions in inverse scattering and image reconstruction with microwaves and millimeter waves | Daniel Tajik, Romina Kazemivala and Natalia K. Nikolova 1.1 Introduction 1.2 System point-spread function (PSF) 1.3 Models of scattering in terms of point-spread functions 1.4 Extracting the scattering signals from measured data 1.5 Reconstruction with quantitative microwave holography 1.6 Basics of scattered power mapping (SPM) 1.7 Examples of QMH and SPM 1.8 Advanced signal processing for improved image reconstruction 1.9 Image reconstruction of breast phantom 1.10 Conclusions Acronyms References 2. Solving inverse scattering problems in biomedical imaging with contraction integral equation models | Kuiwen Xu, Lu Zhang and Yu Zhong 2.1 Introduction to inverse scattering problems 2.2 Formulation of the forward problems 2.3 Formulation of the inverse problems 2.4 Inversion with inhomogeneous background 2.5 Conclusion References 3. Electromagnetic sources for THz imaging and DNP NMR spectroscopy | Sergey Ponomarenko, Sergey Kishko, Alexander Likhachev, Eduard Khutoryan and Alexei Kuleshov 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Sources of THz radiation: vacuum electron devices and solid-state oscillators 3.3 Compact frequency-tunable THz oscillators: backward-wave oscillator and a clinotron 3.4 Application of THz oscillators in DNP NMR spectroscopy 3.5 THz-imaging systems: schemes and achievements Glossary References 4. UWB antennas for medical imaging applications | Khalil H. Sayidmarie and Yasser A. Alsaidosh 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Medical imaging systems 4.3 Fractal UWB antennas 4.4 The self-complementary UWB antennas 4.5 Self-complementary planar bow-tie antenna for UWB applications References 5. Antennas and wearable sensors for biomedical diagnostics and therapeutic applications | Sachin Kumar and Lulu Wang 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Diagnostic technologies/techniques 5.3 Implant communication technologies 5.4 Cardiac pacemakers 5.5 Microwaves for medical applications 5.6 Microwave medical treatment 5.7 Telemedicine: challenges and opportunities 5.8 Future perspectives References 6. Review of practical antennas for microwave and millimetre-wave medical imaging | Wasan H. Althubitat Al Amro and Boon-Chong Seet 6.1 Introduction 6.2 RFMI techniques and signal-processing algorithms 6.3 Antennas for breast cancer detection 6.4 Antennas for brain cancer and stroke detection 6.5 Antennas for lung cancer and fluid accumulation detection 6.6 Antennas for skin cancer detection 6.7 Conclusion and recommendations for future work References 7. Long-term condition monitoring using wearable sensors and IoT-based applications | Mirza Mansoor Baig, Hamid Gholam Hosseini, Jairo Gutierrez, Ehsan Ullah, Maria Linde´n and Sandra Oldfield 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Overview of wearable sensor and IoT systems for older adults with long-term conditions 7.3 System overview and challenges 7.4 Evaluations and results 7.5 Discussion, challenges and conclusions Acknowledgments Conflict of interest statement References 8. Magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia for cancer treatment | Saeed Tiari, Kassianne Tofani, Julia Baumgarner and Davide Piovesan 8.1 Cancer treatment 8.2 Therapeutic hyperthermia 8.3 Magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia 8.4 Types of particles and delivery methods 8.5 Bioheat transfer studies 8.6 Case study: effect of cooling during hyperthermia 8.7 Conclusion References 9. Hyperpolarized 3He MRI in lung | Shuhao Pan 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Hyperpolarized gas production and polarimetry 9.3 Hyperpolarized 3He gas MR imaging 9.4 Examples of current and future applications of HP gas MRI 9.5 Conclusion References 10. Acoustic imaging and treatments methods in biomedical | Fadıma Gulsever Aksoy, Volkan Akdogan and Muharrem Karaaslan 10.1 Magnetic resonance imaging 10.2 Ultrasound 10.3 Acoustic imaging methods 10.4 Conclusion References Index