The Problems Of Genocide: Permanent Security And The Language Of Transgression

Description

Genocide is not only a problem of mass death, but also of how, as a relatively new idea and law, it organizes and distorts thinking about civilian destruction. Taking the normative perspective of civilian immunity from military attack, A. Dirk Moses argues that the implicit hierarchy of international criminal law, atop which sits genocide as the 'crime of crimes', blinds us to other types of humanly caused civilian death, like bombing cities, and the 'collateral damage' of missile and drone strikes. Talk of genocide, then, can function ideologically to detract from systematic violence against civilians perpetrated by governments of all types. The Problems of Genocide contends that this violence is the consequence of 'permanent security' imperatives: the striving of states, and armed groups seeking to found states, to make themselves invulnerable to threats. Cover Half title Series title Title Copyright Contents Preface Introduction Part I | The Language of Transgression 1 | The Language of Transgression, 1500s to 1890s Introduction Empire and Critique Empire, Commerce, Corruption Humanitarianism and Slavery The Protection of Small Nations and "Native" Peoples KIng Leopold II's Congo 2 | The Language of Transgression, 1890s to 1930s Warfare and Civilization The League of Nations and the Language of Transgression International Conscience and the Public Mind Free and Unfree Labor Depoliticizing the Language of Transgression: The Question of Violence and Refugees The Language of Transgression 3 | Raphael Lemkin and the Protection of Small Nations From Zionism to the Protection of “ Small Nations” Barbarism, Vandalism, and the Political Terrorism and Political Crimes Vandalism and Barbarism Conclusion: Blindspots 4 | The Many Types of Destruction Extending the Limits of International Law Mitigated Knowledge The Many Types of Destruction The Institute of Jewish Affairs and the Defi nition of War Crimes Conclusion 5 | Inventing Genocide in the 1940s Before “ Genocide” Lemkin’ s Invention The Nuremberg Disappointment Excluding Permanent Security from the Genocide Convention Excluding Population Expulsion and Cultural Genocide A Nonpolitical Crime Otto Ohlendorf, Aerial Bombing, and the Rescue of Military Necessity Conclusion Part II | Permanent Security 6 | Permanent Security in History Illiberal Permanent Security I: Imperial Conquest and Exploitation Illiberal Permanent Security II: Subaltern Genocide Liberal Permanent Security: Settler Colonialism The Soviet Union Elements of Permanent Security 7 | The Nazi Empire as Illiberal Permanent Security Introduction Imperial Imaginary Hitler’ s Imperial History of Permanent Security Redemptive Imperialism Why the Jewish Enemy? “International Jewry” Jews in Germany “Judeo-Bolshevism” and Political Paranoia Nazi Empire and Illiberal Permanent Security Conclusion 8 | Human Rights, Population “Transfer,” and the Foundation of the Postwar Order Partitions, Minorities, Expulsions as Liberal Permanent Security Human Rights, Partition, and “ Transfer” The Interwar Debate on the “ Humanity” of Transfer Human Rights and Transfer Conclusion 9 | Imagining Nation-Security in South Asia and Palestine India and Interwar Europe Minorities: Hostages or Transfer? Muslim Zion? Palestine, Israel, and Minorities Part III | The Language of Transgression, Permanent Security, and Holocaust Memory 10 | Lemkin, Arendt, Vietnam, and Liberal Permanent Security Raphael Lemkin: Affi xing the Holocaust Archetype Hannah Arendt: Depoliticizing the Holocaust and Defending the West The Uniqueness of the Holocaust Vietnam, Genocide, and the Critique of Liberal Permanent Security Genocide in Vietnam? The Nuremberg Legacy and Liberal Permanent Security Liberal Permanent Security Fights Back 11 | Genocide Studies and the Repression of the Political Biafra Founding Genocide Studies Excluding Permanent Security Civil War or Genocide? Armenian Rebellion or Armenian Genocide? Darfur Holocaust Analogies After Genocide 12 | Holocaust Memory, Exemplary Victims, and Permanent Security Today The Holocaust as Hate Crime After the Holocaust: A Single Archetype, an Ideal Victim Scapegoating as Depoliticization A New Civilizing Mission Holocaust Education as Liberal Permanent Security Empire and Civilization The “ Supreme” (Humanitarian) Emergency Endless Occupation Index