International Responses to Gendered-Based Domestic Violence: Gender-Specific and Socio-Cultural Approaches

Description

This edited volume represents a joint effort by international experts to analyze the prevalence and nature of gender-based domestic violence across the globe and how it is dealt with at both national and international levels. With studies being conducted in 20 different countries and 4 distinct regions, the contributors to this volume shed light on the ways in which contextual particularities shape the practices and strategies of addressing the socio-cultural and legal problem of gender-based domestic violence in the countries or regions where they do research. Special attention is devoted to developing countries where there is a lack of a consistent legal definition of gender-based domestic violence and where violence against women is widely considered a private matter. The authors of the chapters share a common goal of raising public awareness of the significance in nuanced local experiences of women and other individuals from gender and sexual minority groups facing gender-based violence. Furthermore, the authors attend, analytically, to the newly emerging, overlapping influences of COVID-19 and global warming. Their research findings acknowledge and provide a detailed account of how the two ecological and socio-economic crises can combine to produce economic devastation, disconnect victims from necessary social services and assistance, and create a large degree of panic and uncertainty. In addition, they intend to offer insights into next steps to not only adjust existing public policies, legislation, and social services to the ever-changing national and global contexts, but also to make new ones. The book is intended for a wide range of scholars (both professors and students) and practitioners in a large number of areas, including but not limited to criminal justice, criminology, law, human rights, social justice, social work, nursing, sociology, and political or public affairs. Cover Half Title Series Information Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents Figures Images Tables Contributors Foreword Series Editor's Preface Acknowledgments Introduction: An Interfaces Approach to the Global Problems of Gender-Based Domestic Violence Thinking About Gender-Based Domestic Violence Through Interfaces References Section One North and South America 1 The Myth of the Universal Woman: The (White) Feminist Fantasy and the Invisibility of Violence Against Women of Color The Mythical Declaration of Violence Against Women of Color The Violent Myth About Gender The Violent Myth About Culture COVID-19, Climate Change, and DV Stand Under My Umbrella Notes References 2 Paradigm Shift in Latin American Legislation Over Time: From Domestic Violence Laws to Comprehensive Legislation On … Introduction Theoretical and Analytical Approach Data Collection Legislative Instruments to Address VAW Frames and Definitions of VAW in Latin American Legislation Human Rights, Gender Inequality, and Intersectional Framings On VAW Definition and Scope of VAW Policy Strategies: Presence and Strength of a Comprehensive Approach Toward VAW in Latin American Legislation Institutional Reforms and State Capacity Toward VAW Institutional Reforms State Bureaucratic and Social Capacity-Building Provisions Provisions to Address Gender-Based Violence in the Event of Disasters and Climate Change in Latin American Legislation Legislative Responses Toward VAW in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Latin America Legislation and Bills Institutional Innovations Actions of Legislative Gender Institutions: Gender Commissions and Women Caucuses Conclusions Notes Bibliography 3 Gender-Based Violence and Femicide in Mexico: Why Is the Law Failing to Protect Mexico’s Women? The Persistence of Femicide Human Rights Discourse On Women Legal and Institutional Frameworks One Step Forward, Two Steps Back The Drug War and GBV Global Pandemic and GBV Climate Change and GBV Shifting Realities Conclusion References 4 Violence Against Women in Mexico City: A Cry for Change Introduction Cultural Values and IPV IPV, Internal Migration, and Health The Impact of COVID-19 Moving Forward: Recommendations to Promote Social Change References 5 Severe Licking: Calypso Considers Domestic Violence Man Talk Woman Talk Conclusion Calypsos Referenced Acknowledgment Notes Works Cited 6 Gender-Based Violence in the English-Speaking Caribbean: Chronicling Guyana’s Progress Country Profile Overview of Gender Inequality in Guyana Interpersonal Partner Violence in Guyanese Society Domestic Violence Law in Guyana Guyana’s Shadow Pandemic: Domestic Violence and COVID-19 Response From Law Enforcement Civil Society Response Addressing Domestic Violence in Guyana Notes References 7 Intersectionality as a Means to Understanding Violence Against Women in Belize Methodology Participants/Interviews Data/Analysis Women Lacking Financial Resources Women Lacking Trust of Judicial System Supporting Them as Abuse Victims Intersectionality and Violence Against Women in Belize Final Thoughts Addendum References 8 The Dangers of Being a Woman in Nicaragua Introduction Nicaragua’s Social and Political Context Statistical Snapshot of Gender-Based Violence in Nicaragua Struggles for Legal Justice: The Fight Over Law 779 and Women’s Police Stations April 2018 and Its Aftermath: Implications for Gender-Based Violence The Gendered Penal Regime in Nicaragua Domestic Violence in the Era of COVID-19 Domestic Violence and Climate Change: A Dangerous Combination Works Cited Section Two Asia and Oceania 9 Response to Domestic Violence: India I Introduction II India: Condition of Women A Child Marriage and Dowry B Marital Rape C “Honour” Killings D Elder Abuse III Indian Women’s Movement IV Laws Regarding Domestic Violence V Implementation VI Social Stigma Associated With Domestic Violence VII Impact of the Current Pandemic On Domestic Violence VIII Impact of Climate Change On Domestic Violence IX Conclusion References 10 Combating Domestic Violence and Sexual and Gender-Based Violence During Conflict: The Case of the Rohingyas in Myanmar ... Introduction Sufficient Normativity? Responses and Practices Toward Achieving Adequate Protection Additional Challenges Impeding Service Delivery Conclusion and Recommendations References 11 Malaysia Responding to Domestic Violence: A Corpus-Assisted Discourse Analysis Introduction “Strategizing” NGO Report: the Malaysian State of Family and Community Social Order The Corpus Responses to Domestic Violence in Malaysia: An Overview of RDV Conclusions and Some Implications Involving the Consequences of Climate Change and the Global COVID-19 Pandemic On Domestic ... References 12 From Private Matter to Public Problem: Relocating Gender-Based Violence in China Domestic Violence and an Anti-Domestic Violence Law The Case of Dai Xiaolei Seeing Domestic Violence in China Saying Domestic Violence in China Legislating Domestic Violence in China Implications of China’s DV Law Suggestions for a More Just Future More Challenges Down the Road: Fostering a Public Stance On Gender-Based Violence References 13 Social Taboos and Legal Constraints: The Status of Domestic Violence in Kuwait Introduction Official Resources Available to Survivors History of the Domestic Violence Law The Aborted Fanar Center Post COVID-19 Climate Change and Domestic Violence Conclusion Notes References 14 “Mobilizing for Punishment”: Legal Activism, Women’s NGOs and the Grassroots in Lebanon 1 Introduction 2 Violence, Intimacy and Visibility 3 Going Public and the Power of the Public 4 KAFA and the KAFA Law – A Case Study 4.1 Institutional Background of KAFA 4.2 The KAFA Law and Domestic Violence Campaign 4.3 COVID-19 and Environmental Issues Implications On Gender and Violence 5 Legal Activism as International Response 5.1 Transnationalism in Action 5.2 State, Law and Mobilization 5.3 Transition On the Ground 6 Conclusion Notes Bibliography 15 Domestic Violence in Thailand: An In-Depth Examination of How Culture and Resource-Seeking Barriers Impact Victim Safety Introduction Thailand Brief Political History Religion and Culture The Evolution of Women’s Rights in Thailand Domestic Violence in Thailand Help Seeking: Family, Organizations/Supportive Networks Family/Friend Support Organizations/Network Supports Climate Change and Domestic Violence in Thailand What Is Climate Change? Link Between Climate Change and Gender-Based Violence Help-Seeking Barriers Due to COVID-19 Pandemic Conclusion Works Cited 16 Domestic Violence in the Micronesian Context: Past and Future Challenges Introduction Family Health and Safety Study International Human Rights Instruments National Legislative Responses Domestic Violence During the Pandemic Discussion Notes References Section Three Africa 17 Domestic Violence in Ethiopia: An Overview Introduction General Country Background Domestic Violence in Ethiopia Legal Framework and Response Causes and Associated Factors Traditional Norms and Sociocultural Perspectives Poverty, Inequality, and the Low Socioeconomic Status of Women Underreporting Inadequate Legal Framework and Lack of Enforcement Impact of COVID-19 Climate Change Moving Forward References 18 Between Reality and Expectations: Tackling Domestic Violence in Egypt Introduction Defining the Term Domestic Violence Setting the Context: Domestic Violence in Egypt The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic On Egyptian Women and Girls Setting the Context: Climate Change and Its Linkage to Gender-Based Violence The Impact of the Climate Change On Egyptian Women and Girls Current Measurements to Defy Gender-Based Violence in General and Domestic Violence in Particular in a Normal Context/Circumstance International Legal Framework National Legal Framework and Civil Society Legislation The Constitution The Criminal Code Gaps That Obstruct the Application of Laws Regarding Gender-Based Violence in Public and Private Spaces Ways Forward Notes Bibliography 19 Domestic and Sexual Violence Among University Students in Ghana Ghanaian Social and Cultural Context The Scope of the Problem Domestic Violence Stalking Sexual Violence Knowledge and Attitudes Related to Domestic and Sexual Violence Ongoing Challenges Help-Seeking Resources Legal Response Social Services Health-Care Provider Response Promising Interventions Rural Response System Bystander Intervention Relationship Tidbits Abuse Clinic Implications for Research, Practice, and Policy References 20 Domestic Violence, Human Rights, and Reform in Mauritania Introduction Mauritania’s Legislative Framework Contemporary Gender Issues COVID-19 and Climate Change Domestic Violence Reform References Section Four Perpetrators and Victims (Intersectionality: Race/Ethnicity, Gender, Migrant, and Refugee Populations) 21 Responding to Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Spain: Perpetrators’ Accounts as a New Variable to the … Introduction Nature and Prevalence of IPVAW in Spain and Their Trends Under the Impact of COVID-19 Metaphor Use in the Perpetrators’ Accounts Conclusion and Implications of this Study Notes References 22 Why Domestic Violence Remains Under-Reported Within Migrant Communities in Germany Introduction What Makes DV So Under-Reported? DV—An Insidious Crime The Problem With The Lack of Legal Clarity Burden of Proof as an Obstacle Unsustainable Network of Systems Migrant Community—A Community Left Behind? DV During Covid-19 Concluding Remarks References 23 Ritualized Experiences of Pain: Love and Domestic Violence Among Transgender Women in Brazil Introduction On Love and Pain Brazilian Response to Domestic Violence Against Women Silence and Jokes: Coping With the Pain Locked Down in Pain Conclusion References 24 Socio-Legal Responses to Immigrant and Refugee Male Batterers in the EU and MENA Regions Introduction Prevalence of Refugee—and Immigrant-Specific DV Programs Designed to Rehabilitate Abusive Men Socio-Legal Responses in the EU Batterer Intervention Programs in the EU Socio-Legal Responses in the MENA Region Where Do We Go From Here? Sensitization Programs: Engaging Men and Boys as Allies Whole-Family Approaches (WFA) The Goal of Sustained Rehabilitation The COVID-19 Pandemic and DV Responses in the EU and MENA Region Climate Change and DV Conclusion Note Reference List Appendix I: IPES Global Meetings Appendix II: IPES Publications Index