ISO 32000-2:2020 (PDF 2.0)

Description

Foreword Introduction 0.1 PDF 0.2 ISO 32000 and PDF 0.3 Changes introduced in ISO 32000-2:2017 0.4 Changes introduced in ISO 32000-2:2020 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Notation 4.1 General 4.2 Established notations 5 Version designations 6 Conformance 6.1 General 6.2 Conforming PDF documents 6.3 PDF processors 6.3.1 General 6.3.2 Conformance of PDF processors 6.3.2.1 General 6.3.2.2 PDF processors providing rendering 6.3.2.3 Interactive PDF processors 7 Syntax 7.1 General 7.2 Lexical conventions 7.2.1 General 7.2.2 Representation 7.2.3 Character set 7.2.4 Comments 7.3 Objects 7.3.1 General 7.3.2 Boolean objects 7.3.3 Numeric objects 7.3.4 String objects 7.3.4.1 General 7.3.4.2 Literal strings 7.3.4.3 Hexadecimal strings 7.3.5 Name objects 7.3.6 Array objects 7.3.7 Dictionary objects 7.3.8 Stream objects 7.3.8.1 General 7.3.8.2 Stream extent 7.3.9 Null object 7.3.10 Indirect objects 7.4 Filters 7.4.1 General 7.4.2 ASCIIHexDecode filter 7.4.3 ASCII85Decode filter 7.4.4 LZWDecode and FlateDecode filters 7.4.4.1 General 7.4.4.2 Details of LZW encoding 7.4.4.3 LZWDecode and FlateDecode parameters 7.4.4.4 LZW and Flate predictor functions 7.4.5 RunLengthDecode filter 7.4.6 CCITTFaxDecode filter 7.4.7 JBIG2Decode filter 7.4.8 DCTDecode filter 7.4.9 JPXDecode filter 7.4.10 Crypt filter 7.5 File structure 7.5.1 General 7.5.2 File header 7.5.3 File body 7.5.4 Cross-reference table 7.5.5 File trailer 7.5.6 Incremental updates 7.5.7 Object streams 7.5.8 Cross-reference streams 7.5.8.1 General 7.5.8.2 Cross-reference stream dictionary 7.5.8.3 Cross-reference stream data 7.5.8.4 Compatibility with applications that do not support compressed reference streams 7.6 Encryption 7.6.1 General 7.6.2 Application of encryption 7.6.3 General encryption algorithm 7.6.3.1 General 7.6.3.2 Algorithm 1: Encryption of data using the RC4 or AES algorithms 7.6.3.3 Algorithm 1.A: Encryption of data using the AES algorithms 7.6.4 Standard security handler 7.6.4.1 General 7.6.4.2 Standard encryption dictionary 7.6.4.3 File encryption key algorithm 7.6.4.3.1 General 7.6.4.3.2 Algorithm 2: Computing a file encryption key in order to encrypt a document (revision 4 and earlier) 7.6.4.3.3 Algorithm 2.A: Retrieving the file encryption key from an encrypted document in order to decrypt it (revision 6 and later) 7.6.4.3.4 Algorithm 2.B: Computing a hash (revision 6 and later) 7.6.4.4 Password algorithms 7.6.4.4.1 General 7.6.4.4.2 Algorithm 3: Computing the encryption dictionary’s O-entry value (revision 4 and earlier) 7.6.4.4.3 Algorithm 4: Computing the encryption dictionary’s U-entry value (Security handlers of revision 2) 7.6.4.4.4 Algorithm 5: Computing the encryption dictionary’s U (user password) value (Security handlers of revision 3 or 4) 7.6.4.4.5 Algorithm 6: Authenticating the user password (Security handlers of revision 4 and earlier) 7.6.4.4.6 Algorithm 7: Authenticating the owner password (Security handlers of revision 4 and earlier) 7.6.4.4.7 Algorithm 8: Computing the encryption dictionary’s U (user password) and UE (user encryption) values (Security handlers of revision 6) 7.6.4.4.8 Algorithm 9: Computing the encryption dictionary’s O (owner password) and OE (owner encryption) values (Security handlers of revision 6) 7.6.4.4.9 Algorithm 10: Computing the encryption dictionary’s Perms (permissions) value (Security handlers of revision 6) 7.6.4.4.10 Algorithm 11: Authenticating the user password (Security handlers of revision 6) 7.6.4.4.11 Algorithm 12: Authenticating the owner password (Security handlers of revision 6) 7.6.4.4.12 Algorithm 13: Validating the permissions (Security handlers of revision 6) 7.6.5 Public-key security handlers 7.6.5.1 General 7.6.5.2 Public-key encryption dictionary 7.6.5.3 Public-key encryption algorithms 7.6.6 Crypt filters 7.6.7 Unencrypted wrapper document 7.7 Document structure 7.7.1 General 7.7.2 Document catalog dictionary 7.7.3 Page tree 7.7.3.1 General 7.7.3.2 Page tree nodes 7.7.3.3 Page objects 7.7.3.4 Inheritance of page attributes 7.7.4 Name dictionary 7.8 Content streams and resources 7.8.1 General 7.8.2 Content streams 7.8.3 Resource dictionaries 7.9 Common data structures 7.9.1 General 7.9.2 String object types 7.9.2.1 General 7.9.2.2 Text string type 7.9.2.2.1 General 7.9.2.2.2 Text string language escape sequences 7.9.2.3 PDFDocEncoded string type 7.9.2.4 Byte string type 7.9.3 Text streams 7.9.4 Dates 7.9.5 Rectangles 7.9.6 Name trees 7.9.7 Number trees 7.10 Functions 7.10.1 General 7.10.2 Type 0 (sampled) functions 7.10.3 Type 2 (exponential interpolation) functions 7.10.4 Type 3 (stitching) functions 7.10.5 Type 4 (PostScript calculator) functions 7.10.5.1 General 7.10.5.2 Operators and operands 7.10.5.3 Type 4 function dictionary 7.11 File specifications 7.11.1 General 7.11.2 File specification strings 7.11.2.1 General 7.11.2.2 Absolute and relative file specifications 7.11.3 File specification dictionaries 7.11.4 Embedded file streams 7.11.4.1 General 7.11.4.2 Related files arrays 7.11.5 URL specifications 7.11.6 Collection items 7.12 Extensions dictionary 7.12.1 General 7.12.2 Extensions dictionary 7.12.3 Developer extensions dictionary 7.12.4 BaseVersion 7.12.5 ExtensionLevel 7.12.6 URL 8 Graphics 8.1 General 8.2 Graphics objects 8.3 Coordinate systems 8.3.1 General 8.3.2 Coordinate spaces 8.3.2.1 General 8.3.2.2 Device space 8.3.2.3 User space 8.3.2.4 Other coordinate spaces 8.3.2.5 Relationships among coordinate spaces 8.3.3 Common transformations 8.3.4 Transformation matrices 8.4 Graphics state 8.4.1 General 8.4.2 Graphics state stack 8.4.3 Details of graphics state parameters 8.4.3.1 General 8.4.3.2 Line width 8.4.3.3 Line cap style 8.4.3.4 Line join style 8.4.3.5 Miter limit 8.4.3.6 Line dash pattern 8.4.4 Graphics state operators 8.4.5 Graphics state parameter dictionaries 8.5 Path construction and painting 8.5.1 General 8.5.2 Path construction operators 8.5.2.1 General 8.5.2.2 Cubic Bézier curves 8.5.3 Path-painting operators 8.5.3.1 General 8.5.3.2 Stroking 8.5.3.3 Filling 8.5.3.3.1 General 8.5.3.3.2 Non-zero winding number rule 8.5.3.3.3 Even-odd rule 8.5.4 Clipping path operators 8.6 Colour spaces 8.6.1 General 8.6.2 Colour values 8.6.3 Colour space families 8.6.4 Device colour spaces 8.6.4.1 General 8.6.4.2 DeviceGray colour space 8.6.4.3 DeviceRGB colour space 8.6.4.4 DeviceCMYK colour space 8.6.5 CIE-Based colour spaces 8.6.5.1 General 8.6.5.2 CalGray colour spaces 8.6.5.3 CalRGB colour spaces 8.6.5.4 Lab colour spaces 8.6.5.5 ICCBased colour spaces 8.6.5.6 Default colour spaces 8.6.5.7 Implicit conversion of CIE-Based colour spaces 8.6.5.8 Rendering intents 8.6.5.9 Use of black point compensation 8.6.6 Special colour spaces 8.6.6.1 General 8.6.6.2 Pattern colour spaces 8.6.6.3 Indexed colour spaces 8.6.6.4 Separation colour spaces 8.6.6.5 DeviceN colour spaces 8.6.6.6 Multitone examples 8.6.7 Overprint control 8.6.8 Colour operators 8.7 Patterns 8.7.1 General 8.7.2 General properties of patterns 8.7.3 Tiling patterns 8.7.3.1 General 8.7.3.2 Coloured tiling patterns 8.7.3.3 Uncoloured tiling patterns 8.7.4 Shading patterns 8.7.4.1 General 8.7.4.2 Shading operator 8.7.4.3 Shading dictionaries 8.7.4.4 Colour space: special considerations 8.7.4.5 Shading types 8.7.4.5.1 General 8.7.4.5.2 Type 1 (function-based) shadings 8.7.4.5.3 Type 2 (axial) shadings 8.7.4.5.4 Type 3 (radial) shadings 8.7.4.5.5 Type 4 (free-form Gouraud-shaded triangle mesh) shadings 8.7.4.5.6 Type 5 (lattice-form Gouraud-shaded triangle mesh) shadings 8.7.4.5.7 Type 6 (Coons patch mesh) shadings 8.7.4.5.8 Type 7 (tensor-product patch mesh) shadings 8.8 External objects 8.8.1 General 8.9 Images 8.9.1 General 8.9.2 Image parameters 8.9.3 Sample representation 8.9.4 Image coordinate system 8.9.5 Image dictionaries 8.9.5.1 General 8.9.5.2 Decode arrays 8.9.5.3 Image interpolation 8.9.5.4 Alternate images 8.9.6 Masked images 8.9.6.1 General 8.9.6.2 Stencil masking 8.9.6.3 Explicit masking 8.9.6.4 Colour key masking 8.9.7 Inline images 8.10 Form XObjects 8.10.1 General 8.10.2 Form dictionaries 8.10.3 Group XObjects 8.10.4 Reference XObjects 8.10.4.1 General 8.10.4.2 Printing reference XObjects 8.10.4.3 Special considerations 8.11 Optional content 8.11.1 General 8.11.2 Optional content groups 8.11.2.1 General 8.11.2.2 Optional content membership dictionaries 8.11.2.3 Intent 8.11.3 Making graphical content optional 8.11.3.1 General 8.11.3.2 Optional content in content streams 8.11.3.3 Optional content in XObjects and annotations 8.11.4 Configuring optional content 8.11.4.1 General 8.11.4.2 Optional content properties dictionary 8.11.4.3 Optional content configuration dictionaries 8.11.4.4 Usage and usage application dictionaries 8.11.4.5 Determining the state of optional content groups 9 Text 9.1 General 9.2 Organisation and use of fonts 9.2.1 General 9.2.2 Basics of showing text 9.2.3 Achieving special graphical effects 9.2.4 Glyph positioning and metrics 9.3 Text state parameters and operators 9.3.1 General 9.3.2 Character spacing 9.3.3 Word spacing 9.3.4 Horizontal scaling 9.3.5 Leading 9.3.6 Text rendering mode 9.3.7 Text rise 9.3.8 Text knockout 9.4 Text objects 9.4.1 General 9.4.2 Text-positioning operators 9.4.3 Text-showing operators 9.4.4 Text space details 9.5 Introduction to font data structures 9.6 Simple fonts 9.6.1 General 9.6.2 Type 1 fonts 9.6.2.1 General 9.6.2.2 Standard Type 1 fonts (standard 14 fonts) (PDF 1.0-1.7) 9.6.2.3 Multiple master fonts 9.6.3 TrueType fonts 9.6.4 Type 3 fonts 9.6.5 Character encoding 9.6.5.1 General 9.6.5.2 Encodings for Type 1 fonts 9.6.5.3 Encodings for Type 3 fonts 9.6.5.4 Encodings for TrueType fonts 9.7 Composite fonts 9.7.1 General 9.7.2 CID-Keyed fonts overview 9.7.3 CIDSystemInfo dictionaries 9.7.4 CIDFonts 9.7.4.1 General 9.7.4.2 Glyph selection in CIDFonts 9.7.4.3 Glyph metrics in CIDFonts 9.7.5 CMaps 9.7.5.1 General 9.7.5.2 Predefined CMaps 9.7.5.3 Embedded CMap files 9.7.5.4 CMap example and operator summary 9.7.6 Type 0 font dictionaries 9.7.6.1 General 9.7.6.2 CMap mapping 9.7.6.3 Handling undefined characters 9.8 Font descriptors 9.8.1 General 9.8.2 Font descriptor flags 9.8.3 Font descriptors for CIDFonts 9.8.3.1 General 9.8.3.2 Style 9.8.3.3 FD 9.9 Embedded font programs 9.9.1 General 9.9.2 Font subsets 9.10 Extraction of text content 9.10.1 General 9.10.2 Mapping character codes to Unicode values 9.10.3 ToUnicode CMaps 10 Rendering 10.1 General 10.2 Raster output device native colour 10.3 CIE-Based colour to device colour 10.3.1 General 10.3.2 Establishing CIE-based colour space definitions 10.4 Conversions among device colour spaces 10.4.1 General 10.4.2 Classic colour conversion methods 10.4.2.1 General 10.4.2.2 Conversion between DeviceGray and DeviceRGB 10.4.2.3 Conversion between DeviceGray and DeviceCMYK 10.4.2.4 Conversion from DeviceRGB to DeviceCMYK 10.4.2.5 Conversion from DeviceCMYK to DeviceRGB 10.5 Transfer functions 10.6 Halftones 10.6.1 General 10.6.2 Halftone screens 10.6.3 Spot functions 10.6.4 Threshold arrays 10.6.5 Halftone dictionaries 10.6.5.1 General 10.6.5.2 Type 1 halftones 10.6.5.3 Type 6 halftones 10.6.5.4 Type 10 halftones 10.6.5.5 Type 16 halftones 10.6.5.6 Type 5 halftones 10.7 Scan conversion details 10.7.1 General 10.7.2 Flatness tolerance 10.7.3 Smoothness tolerance 10.7.4 Scan conversion rules 10.7.5 Automatic stroke adjustment 10.8 Rendering for separations 10.8.1 General 10.8.2 Separations 10.8.3 Separation simulation 11 Transparency 11.1 General 11.2 Overview of transparency 11.3 Basic compositing computations 11.3.1 General 11.3.2 Basic notation for compositing computations 11.3.3 Basic compositing formula 11.3.4 Blending colour space 11.3.5 Blend mode 11.3.5.1 General 11.3.5.2 Separable blend modes 11.3.5.3 Non-separable blend modes 11.3.6 Interpretation of alpha 11.3.7 Shape and opacity computations 11.3.7.1 General 11.3.7.2 Source shape and opacity 11.3.7.3 Result shape and opacity 11.3.8 Summary of basic compositing computations 11.4 Transparency groups 11.4.1 General 11.4.2 Notation for group compositing computations 11.4.3 Group structure and nomenclature 11.4.4 Group compositing computations 11.4.5 Isolated groups 11.4.6 Knockout groups 11.4.7 Page group 11.4.8 Summary of group compositing computations 11.5 Soft masks 11.5.1 General 11.5.2 Deriving a soft mask from group alpha 11.5.3 Deriving a soft mask from group luminosity 11.6 Specifying transparency in PDF 11.6.1 General 11.6.2 Specifying source and backdrop colours 11.6.3 Specifying blending colour space and blend mode 11.6.4 Specifying shape and opacity 11.6.4.1 General 11.6.4.2 Object shape and opacity 11.6.4.3 Mask shape and opacity 11.6.4.4 Constant shape and opacity 11.6.5 Specifying soft masks 11.6.5.1 Soft-mask dictionaries 11.6.5.2 Soft-mask images 11.6.6 Transparency group XObjects 11.6.7 Patterns and transparency 11.7 Colour space and rendering issues 11.7.1 General 11.7.2 Colour spaces for transparency groups 11.7.3 Spot colours and transparency 11.7.4 Overprinting and transparency 11.7.4.1 General 11.7.4.2 Blend modes and overprinting 11.7.4.3 Compatibility with opaque overprinting 11.7.4.4 Special path-painting considerations 11.7.4.5 Summary of overprinting behavior 11.7.5 Rendering parameters and transparency 11.7.5.1 General 11.7.5.2 Halftone and transfer function 11.7.5.3 Rendering intent, black point compensation and colour conversions 12 Interactive features 12.1 General 12.2 Viewer preferences 12.3 Document-level navigation 12.3.1 General 12.3.2 Destinations 12.3.2.1 General 12.3.2.2 Explicit destinations 12.3.2.3 Structure destinations 12.3.2.4 Named destinations 12.3.3 Document outline 12.3.4 Thumbnail images 12.3.5 Collections 12.3.5.1 General 12.3.5.2 Collection hierarchical folders 12.3.6 Navigators 12.4 Page-level navigation 12.4.1 General 12.4.2 Page labels 12.4.3 Articles 12.4.4 Presentations 12.4.4.1 General 12.4.4.2 Sub-page navigation 12.5 Annotations 12.5.1 General 12.5.2 Annotation dictionaries 12.5.3 Annotation flags 12.5.4 Border styles 12.5.5 Appearance streams 12.5.6 Annotation types 12.5.6.1 General 12.5.6.2 Markup annotations 12.5.6.3 Annotation states 12.5.6.4 Text annotations 12.5.6.5 Link annotations 12.5.6.6 Free text annotations 12.5.6.7 Line annotations 12.5.6.8 Square and circle annotations 12.5.6.9 Polygon and polyline annotations 12.5.6.10 Text markup annotations 12.5.6.11 Caret annotations 12.5.6.12 Rubber stamp annotations 12.5.6.13 Ink annotations 12.5.6.14 Popup annotations 12.5.6.15 File attachment annotations 12.5.6.16 Sound annotations 12.5.6.17 Movie annotations 12.5.6.18 Screen annotations 12.5.6.19 Widget annotations 12.5.6.20 Printer’s mark annotations 12.5.6.21 Trap network annotations 12.5.6.22 Watermark annotations 12.5.6.23 Redaction annotations 12.5.6.24 Projection annotations 12.5.6.25 3D and RichMedia annotations 12.6 Actions 12.6.1 General 12.6.2 Action dictionaries 12.6.3 Trigger events 12.6.4 Action types 12.6.4.1 General 12.6.4.2 Go-To actions 12.6.4.3 Remote Go-To actions 12.6.4.4 Embedded Go-To actions 12.6.4.5 GoToDp action 12.6.4.6 Launch actions 12.6.4.7 Thread actions 12.6.4.8 URI actions 12.6.4.9 Sound actions 12.6.4.10 Movie actions 12.6.4.11 Hide actions 12.6.4.12 Named actions 12.6.4.13 Set-OCG-state actions 12.6.4.14 Rendition actions 12.6.4.15 Transition actions 12.6.4.16 Go-To-3D-View actions 12.6.4.17 ECMAScript actions 12.6.4.18 Rich-Media-Execute actions 12.7 Forms 12.7.1 General 12.7.2 Interactive Forms 12.7.3 Interactive form dictionary 12.7.4 Field dictionaries 12.7.4.1 General 12.7.4.2 Field names 12.7.4.3 Variable text 12.7.5 Field types 12.7.5.1 General 12.7.5.2 Button fields 12.7.5.2.1 General 12.7.5.2.2 Push-buttons 12.7.5.2.3 Check boxes 12.7.5.2.4 Radio buttons 12.7.5.3 Text fields 12.7.5.4 Choice fields 12.7.5.5 Signature fields 12.7.6 Form actions 12.7.6.1 General 12.7.6.2 Submit-form action 12.7.6.3 Reset-form action 12.7.6.4 Import-data action 12.7.7 Named pages 12.7.8 Forms data format 12.7.8.1 General 12.7.8.2 FDF file structure 12.7.8.2.1 General 12.7.8.2.2 FDF header 12.7.8.2.3 FDF body 12.7.8.2.4 FDF trailer 12.7.8.3 FDF catalog 12.7.8.3.1 General 12.7.8.3.2 FDF fields 12.7.8.3.3 FDF pages 12.7.8.3.4 FDF annotation dictionaries 12.7.9 Non-interactive forms 12.8 Digital signatures 12.8.1 General 12.8.2 Transform methods 12.8.2.1 General 12.8.2.2 DocMDP 12.8.2.2.1 General 12.8.2.2.2 Validating signatures that use the DocMDP transform method 12.8.2.3 UR 12.8.2.4 FieldMDP 12.8.3 Signature interoperability 12.8.3.1 General 12.8.3.2 PKCS #1 signatures 12.8.3.3 CMS (PKCS #7) signatures 12.8.3.3.1 General 12.8.3.3.2 Revocation of CMS-based signatures 12.8.3.4 CAdES signatures as used in PDF 12.8.3.4.1 General 12.8.3.4.2 Signature dictionary for PAdES signatures 12.8.3.4.3 Attributes for PAdES signatures 12.8.3.4.4 Profiles of ETSI.CAdES.detached 12.8.3.4.5 Requirements for validation of PAdES signatures 12.8.3.4.6 Signature revocation checking model for PAdES signatures 12.8.3.4.7 Revocation checking PAdES signatures at the current time 12.8.3.4.8 Revocation checking PAdES signatures at a time in the past 12.8.4 Long term validation of signatures 12.8.4.1 General 12.8.4.2 Introduction to the document security store (DSS) 12.8.4.3 Document Security Store (DSS) 12.8.4.4 Validation-related information (VRI) 12.8.4.5 Usage of the DSS VRI 12.8.5 Document timestamp (DTS) dictionary 12.8.5.1 General 12.8.5.2 Initial document timestamp dictionary 12.8.5.3 Subsequent document timestamp dictionaries 12.8.6 Permissions 12.8.7 Legal content attestations 12.9 Measurement properties 12.9.1 General 12.9.2 Algorithm: Use of a number format array to create a formatted text string 12.10 Geospatial features 12.10.1 General 12.10.2 Geospatial measure dictionary 12.10.3 Geographic coordinate system dictionary 12.10.4 Projected coordinate system dictionary 12.10.5 Point data dictionary 12.11 Document requirements 12.11.1 General 12.11.2 Requirement types 12.11.3 Requirement penalty values 12.11.4 Requirement versions 12.11.5 Requirement handlers 12.11.6 Requirements processing 13 Multimedia features 13.1 General 13.2 Multimedia 13.2.1 General 13.2.2 Viability 13.2.3 Renditions 13.2.3.1 General 13.2.3.2 Media renditions 13.2.3.3 Selector renditions 13.2.4 Media clip objects 13.2.4.1 General 13.2.4.2 Media clip data 13.2.4.3 Media clip section 13.2.5 Media play parameters 13.2.6 Media screen parameters 13.2.6.1 General 13.2.6.2 Media offset dictionary 13.2.6.3 Timespan dictionary 13.2.7 Other multimedia objects 13.2.7.1 General 13.2.7.2 Media players dictionary 13.2.7.2.1 General 13.2.7.2.2 Algorithm: Media Player 13.2.7.3 Media player info dictionary 13.2.7.4 Software identifier dictionary 13.2.7.4.1 General 13.2.7.4.2 Algorithm: software identifier 13.2.7.4.3 Software URIs 13.2.7.4.4 Version arrays 13.2.7.5 Monitor specifier 13.3 Sounds 13.4 Movies 13.5 Alternate presentations 13.6 3D Artwork 13.6.1 General 13.6.2 3D annotations 13.6.3 3D streams 13.6.3.1 General 13.6.3.2 3D animation style dictionaries 13.6.3.3 3D reference dictionaries 13.6.4 3D views 13.6.4.1 General 13.6.4.2 Projection dictionaries 13.6.4.3 3D background dictionaries 13.6.4.4 3D render mode dictionaries 13.6.4.5 3D lighting scheme dictionaries 13.6.4.6 3D cross section dictionaries 13.6.4.7 3D node dictionaries 13.6.5 Coordinate systems for 3D 13.6.6 3D markup 13.6.7 Persistence of 3D measurements and markups 13.6.7.1 General 13.6.7.2 The 3D units dictionary 13.6.7.3 3D measurement/markup dictionary 13.6.7.3.1 General 13.6.7.3.2 3D linear dimension measurement 13.6.7.3.3 3D perpendicular dimension measurement 13.6.7.3.4 3D angular dimension measurement 13.6.7.3.5 3D radial dimension 13.6.7.3.6 3D comment note 13.6.7.4 3D measurements and projection annotations 13.7 Rich media 13.7.1 General 13.7.2 RichMedia annotations 13.7.2.1 General 13.7.2.2 RichMediaSettings dictionary 13.7.2.2.1 General 13.7.2.2.2 RichMediaActivation dictionary 13.7.2.2.3 RichMediaDeactivation dictionary 13.7.2.2.4 RichMediaAnimation dictionary 13.7.2.2.5 RichMediaPresentation dictionary 13.7.2.2.6 RichMediaWindow dictionary 13.7.2.3 RichMediaContent dictionary 13.7.2.3.1 General 13.7.2.3.2 The assets name tree 13.7.2.3.3 RichMediaConfiguration dictionary 13.7.2.3.4 RichMediaInstance dictionary 13.7.2.3.5 View dictionary 13.7.2.3.6 View params dictionary 13.7.2.3.6.1 General 13.7.2.3.6.2 Saving state data 13.7.2.3.6.3 Loading state data 14 Document interchange 14.1 General 14.2 Procedure sets 14.3 Metadata 14.3.1 General 14.3.2 Metadata streams 14.3.3 Document information dictionary 14.3.4 Reconciling two sources of document metadata 14.4 File identifiers 14.5 Page-piece dictionaries 14.6 Marked content 14.6.1 General 14.6.2 Property lists 14.7 Logical structure 14.7.1 General 14.7.2 Structure hierarchy 14.7.3 Structure types 14.7.4 Namespaces 14.7.4.1 General 14.7.4.2 Namespace dictionary 14.7.5 Structure content 14.7.5.1 General 14.7.5.1.1 Content items 14.7.5.2 Marked-content sequences as content items 14.7.5.3 PDF objects as content items 14.7.5.4 Finding structure elements from content items 14.7.6 Structure attributes 14.7.6.1 General 14.7.6.2 Attribute classes 14.7.6.3 Attribute revision numbers 14.7.6.4 User properties 14.7.7 Example of logical structure 14.8 Tagged PDF 14.8.1 General 14.8.2 Tagged PDF and page content 14.8.2.1 General 14.8.2.2 Real content and Artifacts 14.8.2.2.1 General 14.8.2.2.2 Specification of Artifacts 14.8.2.3 Soft hyphens 14.8.2.4 Hidden or invisible page content 14.8.2.5 Page content order and logical content order 14.8.2.5.1 General 14.8.2.5.2 Sequencing of annotations 14.8.2.5.3 Reverse-order show strings 14.8.2.6 Unicode mapping in tagged PDF 14.8.2.6.1 General 14.8.2.6.2 Identifying word breaks 14.8.3 Basic layout model 14.8.3.1 General 14.8.3.2 Reference area 14.8.3.3 Progression direction 14.8.4 Standard structure types 14.8.4.1 General 14.8.4.2 Nesting of standard structure elements 14.8.4.3 Document level structure types 14.8.4.4 Grouping level structure types 14.8.4.5 Block level structure types 14.8.4.6 Sub-block level structure type 14.8.4.7 Inline level structure types 14.8.4.7.1 General 14.8.4.7.2 General inline level structure types 14.8.4.7.3 Ruby and warichu elements 14.8.4.8 Other structure types 14.8.4.8.1 General 14.8.4.8.2 Standard structure types for lists 14.8.4.8.3 Table structure types 14.8.4.8.4 Caption structure type 14.8.4.8.5 Figure structure type 14.8.4.8.6 Formula structure type 14.8.4.8.7 Artifact structure type 14.8.5 Standard structure attributes 14.8.5.1 General 14.8.5.2 Standard attribute owners 14.8.5.3 Attribute values and inheritance 14.8.5.4 Layout attributes 14.8.5.4.1 General 14.8.5.4.2 General layout attributes 14.8.5.4.3 Layout Attributes for BLSEs 14.8.5.4.4 Layout Attributes for ILSEs 14.8.5.4.5 Content and allocation rectangles 14.8.5.4.6 Figure, Form and Formula attributes 14.8.5.4.7 Column attributes 14.8.5.5 List attributes 14.8.5.6 PrintField attributes 14.8.5.7 Table attributes 14.8.5.8 Artifact attributes 14.8.6 Standard structure namespaces 14.8.6.1 Namespaces for standard structure types and attributes 14.8.6.2 Role maps and namespaces 14.8.6.3 Other namespaces 14.9 Repurposing and accessibility support 14.9.1 General 14.9.2 Natural language specification 14.9.2.1 General 14.9.2.2 Language identifiers 14.9.2.3 Language specification hierarchy 14.9.2.4 Multi-language text arrays 14.9.3 Alternate descriptions 14.9.4 Replacement text 14.9.5 Expansion of abbreviations and acronyms 14.9.6 Pronunciation hints 14.10 Web capture 14.10.1 General 14.10.2 Web capture information dictionary 14.10.3 Content database 14.10.3.1 General 14.10.3.2 URL strings 14.10.3.3 Digital identifiers 14.10.3.4 Unique name generation 14.10.4 Content sets 14.10.4.1 General 14.10.4.2 Page sets 14.10.4.3 Image sets 14.10.5 Source information 14.10.5.1 General 14.10.5.2 URL alias dictionaries 14.10.5.3 Command dictionaries 14.10.5.4 Command settings 14.10.6 Object attributes related to web capture 14.11 Prepress support 14.11.1 General 14.11.2 Page boundaries 14.11.2.1 General 14.11.2.2 Display of page boundaries 14.11.3 Printer’s marks 14.11.4 Separation dictionaries 14.11.5 Output intents 14.11.6 Trapping support 14.11.6.1 General 14.11.6.2 Trap network annotations 14.11.6.3 Trap network appearances 14.11.7 Open prepress interface (OPI) 14.12 Document parts 14.12.1 General 14.12.2 DPart tree structure 14.12.3 Connecting the DPart tree structure to pages 14.12.4 Data structures 14.12.4.1 General 14.12.4.2 Document part metadata 14.13 Associated files 14.13.1 General 14.13.2 Embedded associated files 14.13.3 Associated files linked to the PDF document’s catalog 14.13.4 Associated files linked to a page dictionary 14.13.5 Associated files linked to graphics objects 14.13.6 Associated files linked to structure elements 14.13.7 Associated files linked to XObjects 14.13.8 Associated files linked to DParts 14.13.9 Associated files linked to an annotation dictionary 14.13.10 Associated file examples Annex A (informative) Operator Summary A.1 General A.2 PDF content stream operators Annex B (informative) Operators in Type 4 Functions B.1 General B.2 Arithmetic operators B.3 Relational, boolean, and bitwise operators B.4 Conditional operators B.5 Stack operators Annex C (informative) Advice on maximising portability C.1 General C.2 Architectural limits C.3 Memory limits C.4 File Limits Annex D (normative) Character sets and encodings D.1 General D.2 Latin character set and encodings D.3 PDFDocEncoding character set D.4 Expert set and MacExpert encoding D.5 Symbol set and encoding D.6 ZapfDingbats set and encoding Annex E (normative) Extending PDF E.1 General E.2 Classes of PDF names Annex F (normative) Linearized PDF F.1 General F.2 Background and assumptions F.3 Linearized PDF document structure F.3.1 General F.3.2 Header (Part 1) F.3.3 Linearization parameter dictionary (Part 2) F.3.4 First-page cross-reference table and trailer (Part 3) F.3.5 Document catalog dictionary and document-level objects (Part 4) F.3.6 Hint streams (Parts 5 and 10) F.3.7 First-page section (Part 6) F.3.8 Remaining pages (Part 7) F.3.9 Shared objects (Part 8) F.3.10 Other objects (Part 9) F.3.11 Main cross-reference and trailer (Part 11) F.4 Hint tables F.4.1 General F.4.2 Page offset hint table F.4.3 Shared object hint table F.4.4 Thumbnail hint table F.4.5 Generic hint tables F.4.6 Extended generic hint tables F.4.7 Embedded file stream hint tables Annex G (informative) Linearized PDF access strategies G.1 General G.2 Opening at the first page G.3 Opening at an arbitrary page G.4 Going to another page of an open document G.5 Drawing a page incrementally G.6 Following an article thread G.7 Accessing an updated file Annex H (informative) Example PDF files H.1 General H.2 Minimal PDF file H.3 Simple text string example H.4 Simple graphics example H.5 Page tree example H.6 Outline hierarchy example H.7 Updating example H.7.1 General H.7.2 Stage 1: Add four text annotations H.7.3 Stage 2: Modify text of one annotation H.7.4 Stage 3: Delete two annotations H.7.5 Stage 4: Add three annotations and update metadata H.8 Structure elements examples H.8.1 General H.8.2 Table of Contents H.8.3 Hierarchical lists H.8.4 Example of Sub standard structure type Annex I (normative) PDF versions and compatibility I.1 General I.2 PDF version numbers I.3 Feature compatibility Annex J (informative) XObject comparison J.1 Background J.2 General J.3 Object comparisons J.3.1 Boolean objects J.3.2 Numeric objects J.3.3 String objects J.3.4 Name objects J.3.5 Array objects J.3.6 Dictionary objects J.3.7 Stream objects J.4 Known issues J.4.1 Equal vs. equivalent J.4.2 Recursion in dictionaries Annex K (normative) XFA forms K.1 General K.2 Access to the XFA template and other resources Annex L (normative) Parent-child relationships between the standard structure elements in the standard structure namespace for PDF 2.0 Annex M (informative) Differences between the standard structure namespaces Annex N (informative) Best practice for halftones N.1 General N.2 Classic approach N.3 Object-based approach Annex O (normative) Fragment identifiers O.1 General O.2 Fragment identifiers O.2.1 PDF object identifiers O.2.2 PDF open parameters Annex P (informative) An algorithm to determine the actual blending colour space of a transparency group Annex Q (normative) Method for determining transparency on a page Q.1 General Q.2 Page content Q.3 Form XObjects Q.4 Image XObjects Q.5 Text objects Bibliography