Gendering Postsocialism: Old Legacies and New Hierarchies

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Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents List of illustrations List of contributors Preface Acknowledgements Abbreviations 1. The gendered subject of postsocialism: state-socialist legacies, global challenges and (re)building of tradition Theoretical approach Book structure 1 New gendered geographies 2 Neoliberal governance and the gendered enterprising self 3 Resilient legacies of state socialism 4 The postsocialist societies between marketisation, democratisation and retraditionalisation Conclusion. Postsocialist space, new hierarchies, and gendered choices Notes References PART 1: New gendered geographies 2 .“They are hardly feminists and could learn a lot”: Swedish- Bosnian encounters for gender equality and peace, 1993–2013 Introducing the actors Theoretical points of departure Sources and methodological concerns The “woman question” under state socialism and after “Who the hell has heard of an old Communist who knows anything about ecology or feminism? But they know Western progressive code words” Silence about Yugoslav state socialism and its gender order Conclusion Notes References 3. Elderly care in Russia and sidelka from Central Asia Research overview Data collection and methods Elderly care during the Soviet era Elderly care in Russia – legal aspects Major issues in elderly care Who is the care for? Family care providers’ perspectives Is it a luxury to die at home? Sidelka How can migrants become sidelkas? Conclusion Notes References Laws 4. Around the corner? Female empowerment, security, and elite mind-sets in Georgia Women and peace, mind-sets, and elites Material and methodology The respondents: characteristics of the sample Elite perceptions on women’s empowerment Conflict resolution Concluding remarks Notes References PART 2: Neoliberal governance and the gendered enterprising self 5. Russian hostesses in Japan: a way towards self-fulfilment? Method Hostess clubs in Japanese corporate culture Literature and sources At the intersection of Japanese and postsocialist Russian gender norms Analyses Conclusion Note References 6. Postsocialist gender failures: men in the economies of recognition Masculinity and recognition: from socialism to postsocialism Intersection of neoliberal rhetoric and masculinity Failure and disappointment of (de)valued male subjects Conclusions References 7. “A mom who has time for everything”: mothers between work and family in contemporary Ukraine Background Research question and approach Research design and methods Research results Discussion and conclusion Notes References List of interviewees cited in the text (an assumed name, age, ages of the children, family type, city, date of interview) 8. The agency of Roma women’s NGO in marginalised rural municipalities in Hungary The case, method, data, and analysis Social citizenship and intersectional inequalities in the context of transition The “Roma issue” as a social issue under state socialism The making of the social issue into a “Roma issue” in the transition to capitalism The integration of Roma women during state socialism The politicisation of Roma women in the postsocialist transition Roma women’s mobilisation The foundation and development of the NGO Roma women of Borsod County Combining the facilitation of individual skills and social cohesion Reciprocal exchange programmes Facilitation of the re-entry into the labour force of women receiving the childcare subsidy Strategic collaboration with local stakeholders Challenges in relation to men Discussion and conclusions Notes References PART 3: Resilient legacies of state socialism 9. “Women have always had harder lives”: gender roles and representations of the self in the oral recollections of older Czech women Women and state socialism Interview material Analytical methods The older women’s representations of self Discussion and conclusion Notes References 10. Home is the “place of women’s strength”: gendering housing in Soviet and post-Soviet Russia New house(wife) – gender aspects of the changing housing conditions How was it to get “better” housing under Soviet rule? What should a woman know and what can she do about her housing in the new Russia? Conclusion – what changed? What did not? Notes References 11. Post-Soviet legacies in girls’ education in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan Cultural background and political aspects of education reforms Pre-Soviet conditions and achievements of Soviet policy on girls’ education Kazakhstan: liberalisation of access to higher education Uzbekistan: ensuring a profession at an early stage Comparison Rights, opportunities, and realities of girls in post-secondary education and employment Post-Soviet changes in girls’ education of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan References PART 4: The postsocialist societies between marketisation, democratisation and retraditionalisation 12. “Gender restoration” and “masculinisation” of political life in Poland: the controversies over the abortion legislation after 1989 The Polish abortion law and the abortion debate before and after 1989 The legacy of the opposition to the communist regime Postsocialist transition politics and the abortion issue The abortion debate and the transformation of femininity National identity, homosociality, and “masculinisation” Conclusion Notes References 13. Obstacles for women in technical higher education in Hungary Problems in higher education Gender differences in higher education Change in the share of women studying technology and IT in higher education Research methods Results of research with female students Professors’ gender-specific opinions Token role: comparing male and female professors’ strategies Discussion Conclusions Notes References 14. Gendered identities among medical professionals in postsocialist Russian cinema Soviet representations of gender and the professions Gender and the medical profession in Russian cinema of the 1990s New cultural policy in Russian cinema and television at the turn of the millennium The television series Interns Conclusion Notes References Films Index