Sex and Gender Factors Affecting Metabolic Homeostasis, Diabetes and Obesity

Description

The book provides a reference for years to come, written by world-renowned expert investigators studying sex differences, the role of sex hormones, the systems biology of sex, and the genetic contribution of sex chromosomes to metabolic homeostasis and diseases. In this volume, leaders of the pharmaceutical industry present their views on sex-specific drug discovery. Many of the authors presented at the Keystone Symposium on “Sex and gender factors affecting metabolic homeostasis, diabetes and obesity” to be held in March 2017 in Lake Tahoe, CA. This book will generate new knowledge and ideas on the importance of gender biology and medicine from a molecular standpoint to the population level and to provide the methods to study them. It is intended to be a catalyst leading to gender-specific treatments of metabolic diseases. There are fundamental aspects of metabolic homeostasis that are regulated differently in males and females, and influence both the development of diabetes and obesity and the response to pharmacological intervention. Still, most preclinical researchers avoid studying female rodents due to the added complexity of research plans. The consequence is a generation of data that risks being relevant to only half of the population. This is a timely moment to publish a book on sex differences in diseases as NIH leadership has asked scientists to consider sex as a biological variable in preclinical research, to ensure that women get the same benefit of medical research as men. Front Matter ....Pages i-xxii Front Matter ....Pages 1-1 Epidemiology of Gender Differences in Diabetes and Obesity (Franck Mauvais-Jarvis)....Pages 3-8 Sex Differences in Body Composition (Miriam A. Bredella)....Pages 9-27 Cellular Mechanisms Driving Sex Differences in Adipose Tissue Biology and Body Shape in Humans and Mouse Models (Kalypso Karastergiou, Susan K. Fried)....Pages 29-51 Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus: Sex Differences in Insulin Action and Secretion (Ananda Basu, Simmi Dube, Rita Basu)....Pages 53-64 The Role of Sex and Sex Hormones in Regulating Obesity-Induced Inflammation (Mita Varghese, Cameron Griffin, Kanakadurga Singer)....Pages 65-86 Sex Differences in Leptin Control of Cardiovascular Function in Health and Metabolic Diseases (Eric J. Belin de Chantemèle)....Pages 87-111 Sex Effects at the Ramparts: Nutrient- and Microbe-Mediated Regulation of the Immune-Metabolic Interface (Nyrie Israelian, Jayne S. Danska)....Pages 113-140 Sexual Dimorphism and Estrogen Action in Mouse Liver (Sara Della Torre, Federica Lolli, Paolo Ciana, Adriana Maggi)....Pages 141-151 Sex Differences in Muscle Wasting (Lindsey J. Anderson, Haiming Liu, Jose M. Garcia)....Pages 153-197 Origins and Functions of the Ventrolateral VMH: A Complex Neuronal Cluster Orchestrating Sex Differences in Metabolism and Behavior (William C. Krause, Holly A. Ingraham)....Pages 199-213 Front Matter ....Pages 215-215 Menopause, Estrogens, and Glucose Homeostasis in Women (Franck Mauvais-Jarvis)....Pages 217-225 Role of Estrogens in the Regulation of Liver Lipid Metabolism (Brian T. Palmisano, Lin Zhu, John M. Stafford)....Pages 227-256 The Role of Skeletal Muscle Estrogen Receptors in Metabolic Homeostasis and Insulin Sensitivity (Andrea L. Hevener, Zhenqi Zhou, Brian G. Drew, Vicent Ribas)....Pages 257-284 Estrogens and Body Weight Regulation in Men (Katya B. Rubinow)....Pages 285-313 Estradiol Regulation of Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis (Ismael González-García, Manuel Tena-Sempere, Miguel López)....Pages 315-335 Brain Estrogens and Feeding Behavior (Yong Xu)....Pages 337-357 Sex Differences and Role of Estradiol in Hypoglycemia-Associated Counter-Regulation (Karen P. Briski, Hussain N. Alhamami, Ayed Alshamrani, Santosh K. Mandal, Manita Shakya, Mostafa H. H. Ibrahim)....Pages 359-383 The Role of Estrogens in Pancreatic Islet Physiopathology (Franck Mauvais-Jarvis, Cedric Le May, Joseph P. Tiano, Suhuan Liu, Gamze Kilic-Berkmen, Jun Ho Kim)....Pages 385-399 Nuclear and Membrane Actions of Estrogen Receptor Alpha: Contribution to the Regulation of Energy and Glucose Homeostasis (Maeva Guillaume, Alexandra Montagner, Coralie Fontaine, Françoise Lenfant, Jean-François Arnal, Pierre Gourdy)....Pages 401-426 G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) and Sex-Specific Metabolic Homeostasis (Geetanjali Sharma, Eric R. Prossnitz)....Pages 427-453 Sex-Dependent Role of Estrogen Sulfotransferase and Steroid Sulfatase in Metabolic Homeostasis (Wojciech G. Garbacz, Mengxi Jiang, Wen Xie)....Pages 455-469 Front Matter ....Pages 471-471 Negative Impact of Testosterone Deficiency and 5α-Reductase Inhibitors Therapy on Metabolic and Sexual Function in Men (Abdulmaged M. Traish)....Pages 473-526 Testosterone Therapy and Glucose Homeostasis in Men with Testosterone Deficiency (Hypogonadism) (Farid Saad)....Pages 527-558 Sex Differences in Androgen Regulation of Metabolism in Nonhuman Primates (Cadence True, David H. Abbott, Charles T. Roberts Jr., Oleg Varlamov)....Pages 559-574 Prenatal Testosterone Programming of Insulin Resistance in the Female Sheep (Muraly Puttabyatappa, Vasantha Padmanabhan)....Pages 575-596 The Role of Androgen Excess in Metabolic Dysfunction in Women (Héctor F. Escobar-Morreale)....Pages 597-608 Front Matter ....Pages 609-609 Sex, Gender, and Transgender: Metabolic Impact of Cross Hormone Therapy (Roberta de Souza Santos, Aaron P. Frank, Michael Douglas Nelson, Maurice M. Garcia, Biff F. Palmer, Deborah J. Clegg)....Pages 611-627