A Rural Manifesto: Realizing India's Future Through Her Villages

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Title Page Copyright Page Dedication CONTENTS PREFACE CHAPTER I ON AGRICULTURAL INPUTS FARMING DECISIONS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT FARMER BEHAVIOUR PROCURING FARMING EQUIPMENT CUSTOM HIRING GOVERNMENT SUPPORT CONSTRAINTS FOSTERING MECHANIZATION THROUGH POLICY EFFECTIVE BUSINESS MODELS SEEDS INDIA’S SEED POLICIES PROCURING SEEDS SEED QUALITY AND HYBRIDS IMPROVING CROP YIELD FERTILIZERS OUR FIXATION WITH NITROGEN SUPPORTING FERTILIZER UPTAKE PRICING FERTILIZERS REINVIGORATING FERTILIZER UPTAKE CROP PROTECTION PESTICIDES ARE NOT NOVEL POLICYMAKING FOR CROP PROTECTION MEETING EXPECTATIONS OF FARMERS MITIGATING PESTICIDE RUN-OFF SAFETY FOR PESTICIDES INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT ESCALATING INPUT COSTS ADAPTING TO RISING INPUT COSTS THE COST OF CULTIVATION APPENDIX REFERENCES CHAPTER II ON WATER AVAILABILITY ACCESS TO WATER INDIA’S RIVERS SURVIVING WATER DISASTERS DAM BUILDING RIVERINE FISHERIES RIVER FLOW RIVER INTERLINKING RIVERINE POLLUTION RIVERINE PROTECTION CANAL IRRIGATION COLONIAL IRRIGATION IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT POOR IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT SILTAGE SHRINKING CANAL IRRIGATION GROUNDWATER THE RISE OF GROUNDWATER ENERGY SUBSIDIES FOR TUBE WELL-BASED IRRIGATION GROUNDWATER POLLUTION REGULATION AND ENFORCEMENT IMPROVING IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT DEFINING PERFORMANCE BUILDING CAPACITY ADAPTING TO SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHANGE PROMOTING MICRO-IRRIGATION IMPROVING CANAL IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT IMPROVING GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT RENOVATING TANKS AND IRRIGATION SYSTEMS ADAPTING TO WATER SCARCITY THE COST OF WATER REFERENCES CHAPTER III ON ENERGY ACCESS POWERING IRRIGATION PUMPS GATHERING FIREWOOD SOURCING COAL VILLAGES AND HOUSEHOLDS THAT NEVER GOT ELECTRICITY ENERGY POVERTY AND INEQUALITY BETWEEN CENTRE AND STATE; PUBLIC AND PRIVATE A PLETHORA OF POLICIES PROGRESS OF VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION ELECTIONS AND ELECTRICITY CHALLENGES AND CONSTRAINTS COOKING FUELS GATHERING FIREWOOD UTILIZING GOBAR GAS STOVES SOURCING FIREWOOD BIOGAS LPG DISTRIBUTION SUBSIDIES SUBSIDIZING ELECTRICITY SUBSIDIZING KEROSENE IMPROVING ENERGY ACCESS DRILLING FOR SALT A NEW STRATEGY MAPPING ENERGY ACCESS PROVIDING BASIC LIGHTING ENCOURAGING FRANCHISEES REVAMPING COOKSTOVES REVAMPING ELECTRIC PUMPS LEAPING FORWARD WITH RENEWABLES BOLSTERING SOLAR POWER INCREASING SOLAR CAPACITY UTILIZING MINI-GRIDS INSTITUTING MAINTENANCE IMPROVING ACCESS REVAMPING BIOMASS POWER PROVISIONING OFF-GRID POWER REFERENCES CHAPTER IV ON AGRICULTURAL MARKETING INDIA’S AGRICULTURAL MARKETS THE GREAT ONION ROBBERY REGULATED MARKETS PRICE POLICY REFORMING APMC MARKETING STAPLE CROPS WHEAT PADDY MARKETING FRUITS AND VEGETABLES SPECIALITY CROPS JUTE COTTON FLORICULTURE EVALUATING MARKETING CHANNELS DIRECT MARKETING PRICING MARKETING BENEFITS MARKETING CONSTRAINTS STORAGE CONTRACT FARMING BEING HISTORICALLY UNJUST APPLE CULTIVATION IMPLEMENTATION MODELS BENEFITS AND CONSTRAINTS FORMALIZING CONTRACT FARMING TENANCY ISSUES WASTELAND DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZED RETAILER SOURCING GREATER SCOPE CHANNEL OVERVIEW MARGIN ANALYSIS COMPARING MARKETING CHANNELS OVERHAULING AGRICULTURAL MARKETING RAISING FARMER INCOME REFERENCES CHAPTER V ON NON-FARM INCOME NON-FARM DIVERSIFICATION INCOME CONTRIBUTIONS NON-FARM INCOME OPPORTUNITIES LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK DEMAND SECTORAL ISSUES SUPPORT SERVICES ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PROVISIONING FEED ACCESS TO CREDIT ANIMAL HEALTH VALUE CHAIN LIVESTOCK SECTOR STRATEGY CONSTRUCTION EMPLOYMENT SHARE EMPLOYMENT SCHEMES WELFARE FUND UTILIZATION IMPROVING CONSTRUCTION CONDITIONS MINING IMPROVING RURAL LIVELIHOOD APPENDIX REFERENCES CHAPTER VI ON HANDICRAFTS STATE OF HANDLOOMS CASE STUDY: DANKE KA KAAM CASE STUDY: NANDANA HAND BLOCK PRINTING SARIS CARPETS AND RUGS SHAWLS AND VEILS GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES IMPROVING VALUE STATE OF HANDICRAFTS CASE STUDY: KAAVAD CASE STUDY: SPLIT PLY BRAIDING WOOD WORK METAL WORK POTTERY AND SCULPTURE ANCILLARY CRAFTS A STORY OF DECLINE IMPROVING VALUE LEATHER WORK JUTTIS AND CHAPPALS INDUSTRY EVALUATION COMPETITION SKILL TRAINING REVIVING HANDICRAFTS AND HANDLOOMS REFERENCES CHAPTER VII ON RURAL LABOUR SHIFTING FROM AGRICULTURE DETERMINANTS OF LABOUR MIGRATION RISING AGRICULTURAL GROWTH, INCREASING MECHANIZATION ACCESS TO LAND OR CAPITAL WAGE DIFFERENTIALS CHANGING AVAILABILITY OF FAMILY LABOUR IMPACT OF EDUCATION MIGRATION ABROAD GENDER DIVERSITY MGNREGA HISTORICAL PUBLIC WORKS MGNREGA’S MANDATE PARTICIPATION MARKET INTERVENTION POLICY SOLUTIONS MGNREGA’S IMPACT USEFULNESS OF ASSETS PAYMENT DELAYS TENANCY REFORMS ANNEXURES REFERENCES CHAPTER VIII ON RURAL EDUCATION RURAL EDUCATION SYSTEM PROVISIONING EDUCATION BARRIERS TO SCHOOL EDUCATION RURAL EDUCATION INFRASTRUCTURE AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION TEACHERS QUALITY OF EDUCATION ENROLMENT FOUNDATIONAL SKILLS VOCATIONAL SKILLING FINANCING EDUCATION SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN FINANCING UNDER RTE PPP MODELS—USAGE, LIMITATIONS, SUCCESS AND GAPS CHALLENGES INSTITUTING REFORM ADDRESSING BARRIERS TO EDUCATION INCREASING ACCESS AND EQUITY IMPROVING ACCOUNTABILITY IMPROVING QUALITY REFERENCES CHAPTER IX ON RURAL HEALTHCARE RURAL HEALTH STATE OF RURAL HEALTHCARE INFRASTRUCTURE POPULATION NORMS FACILITY LOCATION AND CONNECTIVITY CONSTRUCTION OF NEW FACILITIES STAFF AMENITIES AVAILABILITY OF MEDICINES & EQUIPMENT ANMS, MHWS AND LHVS TRAINING NRHM HEALTHCARE EFFICACY PANDEMIC POLICY HEALTHCARE SPENDING EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT HEALTHCARE FINANCING GOVERNMENT INSURANCE SCHEMES INEQUALITY IN INSURANCE CENTRALIZING RISK TOWARDS UNIVERSAL HEALTHCARE PURSUING ZERO HUNGER GENERIC DRUGS DRUG PRICING SINGLE INSURANCE POOL REFERENCES CHAPTER X ON RURAL CREDIT NATURE OF RURAL CREDIT SOURCES AND END-USERS SCHEMES FOR LENDING PAYMENT TERMS REASONS FOR LOANS COST AND IMPACT OF CREDIT DELIVERY FARM LOAN WAIVERS SOCIAL BUDGETING MICROFINANCE BASIC INCOME CROP INSURANCE TOWARDS FINANCIAL INCLUSION REFERENCES CHAPTER XI A WAY FORWARD AGRARIAN SEASONALITY REVIVING MARGINAL AGRICULTURE RETAILORING AGRICULTURE IMPROVING ACCESS TO WATER AND ENERGY TENANCY REFORMS OVERHAULING AGRICULTURAL MARKETING NON-FARM INCOME HANDICRAFTS UTILIZING MGNREGA AND SKILL DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES SOCIAL POLICY EDUCATION HEALTHCARE