Organic Structural Spectroscopy

Description

Chapter 1 Introduction 1-1    The Spectroscopic Approach to Structure Determination 1-2    Contributions of Different Forms of Spectroscopy 1-3    The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1-4    Molecular Weight and Molecular Formula 1-5    Structural Isomers and Stereoisomers Problems Part I  NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY Chapter 2 Introduction 2-1    Magnetic Properties of Nuclei 2-2    The Chemical Shift 2-3    Excitation and Relaxation 2-4    Pulsed Experiments 2-5    The Coupling Constant 2-6    Quantification and Complex Splitting 2-7    Commonly Studied Nuclides 2-8    Dynamic Effects 2-9    Spectra of Solids 2-10    Experimental Methods Problems Tips on Solving NMR Problems Bibliography Chapter 3 The Chemical Shift 3-1    Factors That Influence Proton Shifts 3-2    Proton Chemical Shifts and Structure 3-3    Medium and Isotope Effects 3-4    Factors That Influence Carbon Shirts 3-5    Carbon Chemical Shifts and Structure 3-6    Tables of Chemical Shifts Problems Further Tips on Solving NMR Problems Bibliography Chapter 4 The Coupling Constant 4-1    First-Order Spectra 4-2    Chemical and Magnetic Equivalence 4-3    Signs and Mechanisms 4-4    Couplings over One Bond 4-5    Geminal Couplings 4-6    Vicinal Couplings 4-7    Long-Range Couplings 4-8    Spectral Analysis 4-9    Second-Order Spectra 4-10    Tables of Coupling Constants Problems Bibliography Chapter 5 Further Topics in One-Dimensional NMR 5-1    Spin-Lattice and Spin-Spin Relaxation 5-2    Reactions on the NMR Time Scale 5-3    Multiple Resonance 5-4    The Nuclear Overhauser Effect 5-5    Spectral Editing 5-6    Sensitivity Enhancement 5-7    Carbon Connectivity 5-8    Phase Cycling, Composite Pulses, and Shaped Pulses Problems Bibliography Chapter 6 Two-Dimensional NMR 6-1    Proton-Proton Correlation Through Coupling 6-2    Proton-Heteronucleus Correlation 6-3    Proton-Proton Correlation Through Space or Chemical Exchange 6-4    Carbon-Carbon Correlation 6-5    Higher Dimensions 6-6    Pulsed Field Gradients 6-7    Summary of Two-Dimensional Methods Problems Bibliography Part II MASS SPECTROMETRY Chapter 7 Instrumentation and Theory 7-1    Introduction 7-2    Ionization Methods 7-3    Mass Analysis 7-4    Sample Preparation Chapter 8 Ion Activation and Fragmentation 8-1    Basic Principles 8-2    Methods and Energetics     8-3    Functional Groups Chapter 9 Structural Analysis 9-1    Molecular Weights 9-2    Molecular Formula 9-3    Structures from Fragmentation Patterns 9-4    Polymers Chapter 10 Quantitative Applications 10-1    Quantification of Analytes 10-2    Thermochemistry Part III VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY Chapter 11 Introduction 11-1    Introduction 11-2    Vibrations of Molecules 11-3    Infrared and Raman Spectra 11-4    Units and Notation 11-5    Infrared Spectra:  Dispersive and Fourier Transform 11-6    Sampling Methods for Infrared Transmission Spectra 11-7    Raman Spectroscopy 11-8    Raman Sampling Methods 11-9    Depolarization Measurements 11-10    Infrared Reflection Spectroscopy Problems Bibliography Chapter 12 Group Frequencies 12-1    Introduction 12-2    Factors Affecting Group Frequencies 12-3    Infrared Group Frequencies 12-4    Raman Group Frequencies 12-5    Preliminary Analysis 12-6    The CH Stretching Region (3340-2700 cm-1) 12-7    The Carbonyl Stretching Region (1850-1650 cm-1) 12-8    Aromatic Compounds 12-9    Compounds Containing Methyl Groups 12-10    Compounds Containing Methylene Groups 12-11    Unsaturated Compounds 12-12    Compounds Containing Oxygen 12-13    Compounds Containing Nitrogen 12-14    Compounds Containing Phosphorus and Sulfur 12-15    Heterocyclic Compounds 12-16    Compounds Containing Halogens 12-17    Boron, Silicon, Tin, Lead, and Mercury Compounds 12-18    Isotopically Labeled Compounds 12-19    Using the Literature on Vibrational Spectroscopy Problems Bibliography Part IV ELECTRONIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY Chapter 13 Introduction and Experimental Methods 13-1    Introduction 13-2    Measurement of Ultraviolet-Visible Light Absorption 13-3    Quantitative Measurements 13-4    Electronic Transitions 13-5    Experimental Aspects Problems Bibliography Chapter 14 Structural Analysis 14-1    Isolated Chromophores 14-2    Conjugated Chromophores 14-3    Aromatic Compounds 14-4    Important Naturally Occurring Chromophores 14-5    The Woodward-Fieser Rules 14-6    Steric Effects 14-7    Solvent Effects and Dynamic Equilibria 14-8    Hydrogen Bonding Studies 14-9    Homoconjugation 14-10    Charge Transfer Band 14-11    Worked Problems Problems Bibliography Chapter 15 Integrated Problems Cover Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Introduction to Structural Spectroscopy 3. The Chemical Shift 4. The Coupling Constant 5. Further Topics in One-Dimensional NMR 6. Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy 7. Mass Spectrometry: Instrumentation 8. Fragmentation and Ion Activation Methods 9. Interpretation of Mass Spectra 10. Quantitative Applications 11. Introduction to Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy 12. Group Frequencies 13. Introduction and Experimental Methods 14. Structural Analysis Index 1 2 A B C D E F G H I L M N O P Q R S T U V W X