Leibniz's Experimental Philosophy
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The philosophy of Leibniz is often considered as an intellectualism. Speculation is said to take precedence over experience in it. Against this persistent misunderstanding, Leibniz holds that experience plays a constitutive role in all areas of knowledge, even in mathematics and even in metaphysics. For metaphysics itself shall rely on common experiences and empirical observations. In this sense, one can speak of a true experimental philosophy in Leibniz, which does not reduce itself to a mere explanation of natural phenomena through deduction and induction - which was the understanding of 'experimental philosophy' when Newton coined the term. On the contrary, Leibniz's experimental philosophy seeks to overcome the vacuity of the modest empiricists and the boldness of the so-called 'experimental philosophers'. Without being exhaustive, this volume brings together contributions on the various facets of this experimental philosophy - and on the various aspects of experience itself - from considerations in metaphysics and natural philosophy to Leibniz's project of an encyclopaedia of all knowledge. ACKNOWLEDGMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION LA PHILOSOPHIE EXPÉRIMENTALE DE LEIBNIZ 1. THE METAPHYSICS OF EXPERIENCE LE « PRINCIPE DES PRINCIPES » : IDÉES ET EXPÉRIENCES IT IS NOT EXPERIENCE THAT MATTERS IN THE BATTLE OF RATIONALISM AND EMPIRICISM, OR HOW THEOLOGY FAVORS EMPIRICISM OVER RATIONALISM LEIBNIZ’S CONCEPTION OF SENSATION LEIBNIZ ON MONADIC AGENCY AND OPTIMAL FORM 2. EMPIRICAL KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCES DAS PERPETUUM MOBILE UND LEIBNIZ’ BEGRÜNDUNG DER PHYSIK ALS ERFAHRUNGSWISSENSCHAFT DES LIMITES DE L’EXPÉRIENCE: LEIBNIZ ET L’EXPLICATION DES PHÉNOMÈNES MAGNÉTIQUES WHAT A ‘SCIENCE OF THE ORGANISM’ SHOULD BE FOR LEIBNIZ THINKING WITH ANIMALS IN EARLY MODERN PHILOSOPHY: ANATOMY AND ANALOGY IN LOWER, TYSON, AND LEIBNIZ LA CHIMIE POUR LEIBNIZ: UNE PRATIQUE COGNITIVE? LEIBNIZ AND HIS OBSERVATA PHILOSOPHICA 3. THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA, OR THE EXPERIENCE OF KNOWING MORE MATHEMATICO DEMONSTRATA, ORDINE NATURALI EXPOSITA: LEIBNIZ SUR L’ORGANISATION DE L’ENCYCLOPÉDIE LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
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