Smart Antennas, Electromagnetic Interference and Microwave Antennas for Wireless Communications

Description

This book covers all areas of smart antennas, electromagnetic interference, and microwave antennas for wireless communications. Smart antennas or adaptive antennas are multi-antenna components on one or both sides of a radio communication connection, combined with advanced signal processing algorithms. They've evolved into a critical technology for third-generation and beyond mobile communication systems to meet their lofty capacity and performance targets. It seems that a significant capacity gain is achievable, particularly if they are employed on both sides of the connection. There are several essential characteristics of these systems that need scientific and technical investigation. Included in the book are beamforming, massive MIMO, network MIMO, mmwave transmission, compressive sensing, MIMO radar, sensor networks, vehicle-to-vehicle communication, location, and machine learning. Cover Half-Title RIVER PUBLISHERS SERIES IN COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING Title Copyrights page Contents Preface List of Contributors List of Figures List of Tables List of Abbreviations Chapter 1 Speech Signal Extraction from Transmitted Signal Using Multilevel Mixed Signal 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Literature Survey 1.2.1 The fast ICA algorithm revisited: Convergence analysis 1.2.2 FPGA implementation of IC algorithm for blind signal separation and noise cancelling 1.2.3 Subjective comparison and evaluation of speech enhancement algorithms 1.3 Proposed Systems 1.3.1 FASTICA using symmetric orthogonalization 1.3.2 FPGA implementation 1.4 Results and Discussion Output Waveform 1.5 Conclusion References Chapter 2 High Performance Fiber-Wireless Uplink for CDMA 5G Networks Communication 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Proposed Method 2.2.1 OFDM 2.2.2 OFDMA 2.2.3 CDMA 2.2.4 Optical fiber channel 2.2.5 The disadvantages of the existing system 2.3 Results and Discussion 2.3.1 Inference 1 2.3.2 Inference 2 2.3.3 Inference 3 2.3.4 Inference 4 2.3.5 Inference 5 2.3.6 Inference 6 2.3.7 Inference 7 2.4 Conclusion References Chapter 3 Improving the Performance of Cooperative Transmission Protocol Using Bidirectional Relays and Multi User Detection 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Components of Communication System 3.3 Proposed System 3.4 System Design and Development 3.4.1 Input design 3.4.2 Feasibility analysis 3.4.2.1 Operational feasibility 3.4.2.2 Technical feasibility 3.4.2.3 Economical feasibility 3.4.2.4 Project modules 3.5 Output Design 3.5.1 Animator output 3.5.2 Initialization of nodes 3.5.3 Node 1 starts transmitting data 3.5.4 Finding shortest path 3.5.5 Transmission of data through relay node 3.5.6 Node 8 starts transmitting data 3.5.7 Loss of packets 3.5.8 Transmissions of data from node 7 to node 6 3.5.9 Transmision of data from node 2 to node 4 3.5.10 Transmission of data bidirectionally 3.5.11 Completion of transmission from node 8 to 0 3.5.12 Coverage provided by dynamic base station 3.5.13 Retransmission of dropped packets 3.5.14 Reception of acknowledgement 3.5.15 X graph for lifetime 3.5.16 X graph for output 3.6 Conclusion References Chapter 4 Joint Relay-source Escalation for SINR Maximization in Multi Relay Networks and Multi Antenna 4.1 Main Text 4.2 Proposed System 4.2.1 System model 4.2.2 SINR maximization under relay transmit power and source constraints 4.2.3 Source-relay transmit power minimization under QoS constraints 4.2.4 Computation of relay precoder 4.2.5 Feasibility of the problem 4.3 Advantage 4.4 Application 4.5 Result and Discussion 4.5.1 Tools used 4.5.2 Simulated results 4.6 Conclusion References Chapter 5 VLSI Implementation on MIMO Structure Using Modified Sphere Decoding Algorithms 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Proposed Methodology 5.2.1 VB decoding algorithm 5.2.2 SE decoding algorithm 5.2.3 SOC architecture on FPGA 5.3 Result and Conclusion 5.4 Conclusion References Chapter 6 Overcrowding Cell Interference Detection and Mitigation in a Multiple Networking Environment 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Proposed System 6.3 OFDMA and SCFDMA 6.4 Results and Discussion 6.4.1 BER–SNR graph of two users 6.4.2 BLER–SNR graph of two user 6.4.3 SE-SNR graph 6.5 Comparison of Detector Performance as a Result of Shot Interference 6.6 BER–SNR Graph of Different Detectors 6.7 Channel MSE–ESN0 Graph 6.8 Conclusion References Chapter 7 A Baseband Transceiver for MIMO-OFDMA in Spatial Multiplexing Using Modified V-BLAST Algorithm 7.1 Introduction 7.1.1 OFDM modulation 7.1.2 FDMA 7.1.3 OFDMA 7.1.4 MIMO OFDM 7.2 Existing Method 7.2.1 Synchronization algorithms for MIMO OFDMA systems 7.3 MIMO Transceiver 7.4 Proposed Method 7.4.1 Module description 7.4.2 Proposed modified V-BLAST algorithm 7.5 Result and Discussion 7.6 Conclusion References Chapter 8 Hardware Implementation of OFDM Transceiver Using Simulink Blocks for MIMO Systems 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Existing System 8.2.1 Fast ICA 8.2.2 Efficient variant of fast ICA algorithm (EFICA) 8.2.3 Sphere decoding algorithm 8.3 Proposed System 8.4 MIMO-OFDM 8.5 Channel Estimation (CE) 8.6 Flow Diagram 8.6.1 Input sample 8.6.2 Serial to parallel converter 8.6.3 AWGN channel 8.6.4 Mapper 8.6.5 FFT block 8.6.6 IFFT block 8.6.7 BER 8.7 Module Explanation 8.7.1 OFDM modulation/demodulation 8.7.2 FFT/IFFT block 8.7.3 OFDM transmitter 8.7.4 OFDM receiver 8.8 Results and Discussion 8.8.1 Selection of voice source 8.8.2 MIMO block design process 8.8.3 Synthesis process 8.8.4 RTL schematic 8.8.5 Technology schematic 8.8.6 Power estimation 8.8.7 Static power 8.8.8 Power estimation 8.9 Conclusion and Future Work References Chapter 9 Empowering Radio Resource Allocation to Multicast Transmission System Using Low Complexity Algorithm in OFDM System 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Existing System 9.2.1 Conventional multicast scheme 9.2.2 Radio resource management (RRM) algorithm 9.3 Proposed System 9.4 Multi Rate Scheme 9.4.1 OFDMA framework 9.4.2 Utilisation of resources depending upon subgroups 9.4.3 Channel state information (CSI) 9.4.4 Signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) 9.5 Frequency Domain Subgroup Algorithm (FAST) 9.6 Results and Discussions 9.6.1 Separate cell’s creation 9.6.2 After every round, the average energy in each user 9.6.3 Power allocation to each and every subgroup 9.6.4 Capacity allocation and allocation of LAMDA 9.6.5 The performances estimation of various parameters 9.7 Conclusion References Chapter 10 Survey on RF Coils for MRI Diagnosis System 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Survey of Literature 10.2.1 Design of transceiver RF coils 10.2.2 The development of RF based MRI coils 10.2.3 Research development of industry version of MRI coils 10.3 Proposed Methodology 10.3.1 A design a coils by meta-materials 10.3.2 Implementation using big data digitizationanalysis through wireless networks 10.3.3 To design a flexible adaptive multituned RF coils 10.4 Conclusion References Chapter 11 Wireless Sensing Based Solar Tracking System Using Machine Learning 11.1 Introduction 11.1.1 Purpose 11.1.2 Overview 11.2 Solar Tracking System 11.2.1 Architectural description 11.2.2 Main components 11.2.2.1 Servomotor 11.2.2.2 LDR 11.2.2.3 Solar panel 11.2.4 Limitations 11.2.5 Dependencies and assumptions 11.2.6 Specifications for requirements 11.2.6.1 Requirement for external interface 11.2.6.2 Requirements, both functional and non-functional 11.3 Machine Learning Algorithms 11.3.1 Supervised learning 11.3.1.1 Classification 11.3.1.2 Regression 11.4 Machine Learning Algorithm for Solar Tracking System 11.4.1 SVM for solar tracking system 11.4.1.1 Steps in python implementation of SVM 11.4.2 Linear regression for solar tracking system 11.4.2.1 Steps in python implementation of linear regression 11.5 Implementation 11.6 Conclusion References Chapter 12 Gain and Bandwidth Enhancement of Pentagon Shaped Dual Layer Parasitic Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN Applications 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Pentagon Single Layer Design 12.3 Pentagon Dual Layer Design 12.4 Analysis of the Dual Layer Pentagon withTwo Parasitic Elements 12.5 Analysis of the Dual Layer Pentagon with Two Parasitic Elements 12.6 Conclusion References Chapter 13 Quantum Cascade Lasers –Device Modelling and Applications 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Non-Linear Frequency Generation 13.3 QCL Based Interferometry 13.4 Frequency Instabilities in THz QCLs 13.5 Design Optimization of Cavity in QCLs 13.6 THz QCLs Based on HgCdTe Material Systems 13.7 Optical Beam Characteristics of QCL 13.8 Temperature Degradation in THz QCLs 13.9 Impedance Characteristics of QCLs 13.10 Free Space Optical Communication Using QCLs 13.11 Free Space Optical Communication Using Temperature Dependent QCLs 13.12 Conclusion References Chapter 14 Design of Broad band Stacked Fractal Antenna with Defective Ground Structure for 5G Communications 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Introduction to the Fractal Concept 14.2.1 The fractal geometry 14.3 Antenna Design with a Single Layer Fractal 14.4 Antenna Design with a Dual Layer Fractal 14.5 Conclusion 14.6 Acknowledgement References Chapter 15 Performance Analysis of T Shaped Structure for Satellite Communication 15.1 Introduction 15.2 T Shaped Structure Antenna 15.3 Results and Discussion 15.4 Conclusion References Index About the Editors BackCover