Towards Radical Regeneration: Design Modelling Symposium Berlin 2022

Description

This book reflects and expands on the current trends in the Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC) industries to respond to the unfolding climate and biodiversity crisis. Shifting away from the traditional focus, narrowly centered on efficiency, the book presents a variety of approaches to move the AEC community from an approach that presents new challenges in all areas of the industry, from a linear, extractive paradigm to circular and regenerative one. The book presents contributions including research papers and case studies, providing a comprehensive overview of the field as well as perspectives from related disciplines, such as computer science, biology and material science.  The chapter authors were invited speakers at the 8th Design Modelling Symposium “Towards Radical Regeneration”, which took place at the University of the Arts in Berlin in September 2022. Introduction Organization Contents Design between Human and Machine Intelligence A Flexible Reinforcement Learning Framework to Implement Cradle-to-Cradle in Early Design Stages 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Deep Q-Network 2.2 Monte Carlo Tree-Search 2.3 Cradle-to-Cradle 3 Results 3.1 Adaptative Low Carbon Truss Structures 3.2 Bamboo Hall in Maya Kaqchikel 4 Conclusion References Hybrid Immediacy: Designing with Artificial Neural Networks Through Physical Concept Modelling 1 Introduction 1.1 Related Work 1.2 Objectives 2 Conceptual Overview 2.1 Build/Physical Setup 2.2 Capture 2.3 Machine Learning 2.4 Post-processing 3 Performance 3.1 Exhibited Station 3.2 Tower Design 4 Conclusion References Structural Form-Finding Enhanced by Graph Neural Networks 1 Introduction 1.1 Combinatorial Equilibrium Modelling (CEM) 1.2 Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) 1.3 Objective: Enhancing CEM with GNN 2 Methodology 2.1 Machine Learning-Based Design Workflow 2.2 Graph Neural Network for CEM Label Prediction 3 Implementation and Results 4 Conclusion References A Digital, Networked, Adaptive Toolset to Capture and Distribute Organisational Knowledge Speckle CI 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Concepts 2.2 Speckle CI 2.3 Case Studies 3 Results 4 Discussion and Next Steps References A Design Model for a (Grid)shell Based on a Triply Orthogonal System of Surfaces 1 Introduction 2 Geometry 2.1 Principal Patches 2.2 Geometric Properties of Principal Networks 2.3 Continuous Principal Networks and Discrete Circular PQ Meshes 2.4 Triply Orthogonal System of Surfaces 3 Design Model 3.1 Choice of Shell-Slice Type 3.2 Choice of Shell-Slice Thickness 3.3 Choice of Voxel Assembly 3.4 Choice of Rational-Voxel Type 3.5 Choice of Solid or Hollow Voxel-Assembly 4 Realized Prototype 5 Conclusion References Towards DesignOps Design Development, Delivery and Operations for the AECO Industry 1 Introduction 1.1 Road to DesignOps 1.2 AECO Perspective 2 Methodology 2.1 Producing Design Data at Scale 2.2 Automated Reporting 3 Findings – The Process 4 Conclusions References Introducing Agent-Based Modeling Methods for Designing Architectural Structures with Multiple Mobile Robotic Systems 1 Introduction 2 Background: Agent-Based Models (ABMs) in Architecture 3 ABM Approaches 3.1 Approach 1: Agent Represents Building Material 3.2 Approach 2: Agent Represents a Mobile Robot 4 Case Study: Implementation of the ABM Approaches 5 Design Process Discussion 5.1 General Workflow 5.2 Interactivity 5.3 Adaptability 6 Further Discussion and Outlook References Algorithmic Differentiation for Interactive CAD-Integrated Isogeometric Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Algorithmic Derivatives 2.1 Computational Graph 2.2 Hyper Dual Numbers 3 Application in Isogeometric Analysis 3.1 Automatic Energy-Based Implementation of Finite Elements 3.2 Adjoint Formulation 3.3 Modular Formulation 3.4 CAD-Integrated Analysis 4 Conclusion References An Open Approach to Robotic Prototyping for Architectural Design and Construction 1 Introduction and Background 1.1 Software Platforms for Architectural Robotics 1.2 Hardware Platforms for Architectural Robotics 1.3 An Open Approach to Computational Tools Development 2 Methods 2.1 Robot Components 2.2 Funken 2.3 Fast Physical Prototyping of End-Effectors 3 Results: Case Study Processes 3.1 Continuous Timber Filament Winding 3.2 Automated Dowel Placement for Robotic Assembly 3.3 Human-Robot Interfaces for Interactive Installations 4 Conclusions References Augmented Intelligence for Architectural Design with Conditional Autoencoders: Semiramis Case Study 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation 1.2 Case Study: Semiramis 1.3 Proposed Approach 2 Related Work 3 Methods 3.1 Implemented Solution 3.2 Model Architecture and Training 3.3 Generative Design 4 Evaluation 4.1 Novelty of New Designs 4.2 Exploration of Design Space 4.3 Assessment of Model Performance 5 Application in Architectural Design 5.1 Design Workflow 5.2 Implementation 5.3 Application in the Case Study 5.4 Observations 6 Discussion and Outlook References Reducing Bias for Evidence-Based Decision Making in Design 1 Old Wine in New Bottles: Design Development in the AI Era 1.1 Current AI-Driven Design Development Strategies 1.2 Issues with False Design Automation 2 Method 3 Interpolation/Application 4 Conclusion References Artificiale Rilievo GAN-Generated Architectural Sculptural Relief 1 Background and Motivation 1.1 Creative Motivation 2 Technical Contributions 2.1 Why Vector Displacement? 2.2 3d- > VDM 2.3 Training and Synthetic VDM Generation 2.4 VDM Processing and Manipulation 2.5 VDM- > pseudo-3d 3 Application and Installation 4 Reflection and Conclusion References Harnessing Game-Inspired Content Creation for Intuitive Generative Design and Optimization 1 Background 1.1 Quality-Diversity (QD) 1.2 Wave Function Collapse (WFC) 2 Methods and Data 2.1 Geometry System 2.2 Features and Objectives 2.3 Encoding and Optimization 3 Findings and Discussion References Design with Digital and Physical Realities Digitization and Energy Transition of the Built Environment – Towards a Redefinition of Models of Use in Energy Management of Real Estate Assets 1 Background 2 Methods and Data 3 Results and Conclusions References Collective AR-Assisted Assembly of Interlocking Structures 1 Introduction and Context 2 Methods 2.1 Material and Structural System 2.2 Fabrication Setup and Workflow 3 Case Study 4 Conclusion and Future Outlook References Print-Path Design for Inclined-Plane Robotic 3D Printing of Unreinforced Concrete 1 Unreinforced Masonry, 3D Concrete Printing and Print-Path Synthesis 1.1 Key Contributions 2 State of the Art 3 Print-Path Synthesis to Production 4 Print-Path Generation 5 Post Processing 6 Contiguous Print Paths 7 Machine Code Generation 8 Material Tests and Prototyping 9 Outlook and Conclusions References Reusable Inflatable Formwork for Complex Shape Concrete Shells 1 Interest of Creating Concrete Elements from Inflatable Structures 2 Interest of Creating Concrete Elements from Inflatable Structures 3 Design of a Pattern for a Concrete Dome 4 Fabrication of the Inflatable Formwork and Concrete Shell 5 Conclusion and Outlooks References Upcycling Shell: From Scrap to Structure 1 Introduction and Related Work 1.1 Contribution 2 Methods 2.1 Aggregation of Base Module(s) and Geometric Constraints 2.2 Aggregation Logics and Geometric Constraints 2.3 Finding Suitable Readymades 2.4 Structural Assumptions 2.5 Fabrication and (Dis)-Assembly 3 Results and Discussion References Modelling and Simulation of Acoustic Metamaterials for Architectural Application 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Metamaterials History 2.2 Defining Architectural Acoustic Metamaterials 2.3 Selected Metamaterials 3 Methods 4 Results 4.1 Periodic Scatterer 4.2 Coiled Channels in Helmholtz Resonator 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion/Future Outlook References ADAPTEX 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 ADAPTEX Concepts Development 2 Implementation of ADAPTEX KLIMA+ Under Ambient Condition in Muscat, Oman 2.1 SMA Selection Criteria 2.2 Testing of SMAs 2.3 Autarkic Test for SMA Selection 3 Implementation of ADAPTEX KLIMA+ Under Ambient Condition in Muscat, Oman 4 Conclusion References Thinking and Designing Reversible Structures with Non-sequential Assemblies 1 Introduction 2 Non-sequential Assembly 3 Exploration of Possible Forms 4 Mechanical Model 5 Sequence of Construction 6 Construction Process 7 Conclusion and Future Works References Data Based Decisions in Early Design Stages 1 Introduction 1.1 Climate Crisis 1.2 Potential of LCA in Early Design Stages 1.3 Existing Tools 2 Methodology 2.1 Web-framework 2.2 Computational Design Concepts 2.3 Predimension Algorithms 2.4 Performance Indicators 2.5 Data Visualization 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Robotic Wood Winding for Architectural Structures - Computational Design, Robotic Fabrication and Structural Modeling Methods 1 Introduction 2 Computational Design and Manufacturing 2.1 Design Process 2.2 Robotic Fabrication 2.3 Component Geometry, Fibre Layout and Structure 3 Structural Design and Simulation 3.1 Structural Scheme 3.2 Connections and Details 3.3 Material System 3.4 Global Design and Simulations 4 Machine-Learning-Based Design Assistance 4.1 Energy and Structure Simulation 4.2 Machine Learning Model 4.3 Implementation 5 Conclusion References Extended Reality Collaboration: Virtual and Mixed Reality System for Collaborative Design and Holographic-Assisted On-site Fabrication 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVE) 2.2 Augmented Fabrication 3 Methods 3.1 User Scenario 3.2 System Walkthrough 3.3 System Architecture 4 Case Study 5 Results 5.1 System Limitations 6 Conclusion and Outlook References Hosting Spaces 1 Introduction 1.1 Conceptual Background 1.2 Precedents 1.3 Objectives 2 Methods 2.1 The Physical Space 2.2 The Relief Wall 2.3 Digital Interactions 2.4 Technical Implementation 3 Visitors Feedback 4 Conclusion 5 Outlook References Design, Control, Actuation and Modeling Approaches for Large-Scale Transformable Inflatables 1 Introduction 1.1 Interactive Transformable Inflatables 2 Background 2.1 Inflatables in Arts and Architecture 2.2 Inflatable Shape-Changing Interfaces 2.3 Design, Control, Actuation and Modeling Challenges for Large-Scale Transformable Inflatables 2.4 Contributions 2.5 Case Study 3 Methods 3.1 Design Approach for Large-Scale Transformable Inflatables 3.2 Passive Control and Actuation Methods 3.3 Modeling and Simulation Methods 3.4 Prototyping and Experimental Testing 4 Discussion References Timber Framing 2.0 1 Preface 2 Introduction 2.1 State of the Art 3 Computational Framework 3.1 Structural Model 3.2 Fabrication Model 3.3 Fabrication Setup 4 The Prototypical Process 4.1 Prototype 01 4.2 Prototype 02 4.3 Prototype 03 4.4 From Prototype to Demonstrator: Olaf Ryes Gade 5 Discussion 5.1 Future Work 6 Conclusion References Augmenting Design: Extending Experience of the Design Process with Glaucon, An Experiential Collaborative XR Toolset 1 Introduction 2 State of the Art: The Development of XR and Its Incorporation in the AEC Industry 3 Experience and Decision Making in the Design Process in Practice 4 Glaucon – An Innovative XR Platform 4.1 Methods 4.2 Implementations 5 Conclusion References Design from Finite Material Libraries: Enabling Project-Confined Re-use in Architectural Design and Construction Through Computational Design Systems 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Key Definitions and Clarifications 2 Case 1 – The 200-Year Pavilion 2.1 Context, Use Case and Design Logic 2.2 The 200-Year Pavilion Design System 3 Case 2 Karstadt am Hermannplatz Competition Entry 3.1 Context, Use Cases and Design Logics 3.2 The Karstadt am Hermannplatz Design System 4 Conclusions References Constructing Building Layouts and Mass Models with Hand Gestures in Multiple Mixed Reality Modes 1 Problem Statement 2 Background 2.1 Gestures 2.2 Multiple Interaction Modes 2.3 Geometric Representations for MR in AEC 3 Method 4 Implementation 4.1 Model Representations 4.2 Interaction Modes 5 Findings 5.1 Design Representation 5.2 View Modes 5.3 Gestures and Interactions 5.4 Application Scenarios 6 Conclusion and Outlook References Morphology of Kinetic Asymptotic Grids 1 Introduction 2 Comparative Modelling 2.1 Physical Modelling 2.2 Digital Design and Simulation 3 Morphology 4 Architectural Applications 5 Conclusion References FibreCast Demonstrator 1 Introduction 2 Design 2.1 Design of the Joints 2.2 The 3-Tooth-Connection with Fibre Reinforcement 2.3 The 5-Tooth-Connection with 3D-Printed Metal Reinforcement 2.4 Fixed Nodes 3 Production 3.1 Production of Moulds 3.2 Production of Steel Reinforcement 3.3 Production of Fibre Reinforcement 4 Physical Testing 4.1 Test Setup 4.2 Test Specimen 5-Tooth-Connection with Steel Reinforcement 4.3 Test Procedure 4.4 Test Results and Observations 5 Demonstrator 6 Outlook References Augmented Reuse 1 Introduction 2 Methods and Data 2.1 Data Structuring and Acquisition 2.2 Design Algorithm Development 2.3 Inventory Matchmaking 2.4 Connections 3 Results 4 Discussion 4.1 Limitations 4.2 Future Work 5 Conclusion References Design for Biosphere and Technosphere Self-interlocking 3D Printed Joints for Modular Assembly of Space Frame Structures 1 Introduction 2 State of the Art 2.1 AM Bespoke Connections for Lightweight Structures 2.2 Robotic Assembly of Spatial Structures 2.3 Objectives and Contributions 3 Methods 3.1 Materials and Technology 3.2 Macro Scale - Aggregation of the Structure 3.3 Micro Scale: Level 1 - Connecting Linear Members to Joints 3.4 Micro Scale: Level 2 - Connecting Modules to Modules 3.5 Robotic Assembly-Specific Features 4 Prototypes 4.1 Prototype 1 4.2 Prototype 2 4.3 Prototype 3 4.4 Final Demonstrator 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Matter as Met: Towards a Computational Workflow for Architectural Design with Reused Concrete Components 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Workflow 1.3 Component and Data Repository 2 Component Digitisation, Abstraction and Feature Extraction 3 Harvesting of Components and Quality Inspection 4 Recombination of Components Using Combinatorial Optimisation 5 Reconditioning and Dry-Jointing of Reclaimed Concrete Components 6 LCA of Reusing Building Components 7 Conclusion and Outlook References Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Slab 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Design 2.2 Additive Fabrication of the Voids 2.3 Logistics 2.4 Sustainable Construction Method 3 Discussion References Growth-Based Methodology for the Topology Optimisation of Trusses 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Growth Simulations 2.2 Topology Optimization 3 Methodology 3.1 Repositioning 3.2 Division 4 Results 4.1 Michell/Prager Cantilever 4.2 Table Structure 5 Evaluation 6 Conclusions References RotoColumn 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 On Rotoform 3 Methods and Data 3.1 On the Formwork System for the RotoColumn 3.2 Hyperelastic Formwork System 3.3 The Challenges of Rotoforming Concrete 3.4 The Machinery and Robotic Trajectory 3.5 Robotic Trajectory Concrete Flow Characteristics 4 Findings References Statistically Modelling the Curing of Cellulose-Based 3d Printed Components: Methods for Material Dataset Composition, Augmentation and Encoding 1 Introduction 2 State of the Art 2.1 Dataset Composition 2.2 Dataset Encoding 3 Methods 3.1 Sample Design, Making and Curing 3.2 Dataset Compilation 3.3 Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) 3.4 Data Augmentation 4 Predictive Model Results 5 Conclusions References Design-to-Fabrication Workflow for Bending-Active Gridshells as Stay-in-Place Falsework and Reinforcement for Ribbed Concrete Shell Structures 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Funnel-Shaped, Ribbed, Funicular Concrete Shells 2.2 Flexible Formwork Systems and Structurally-Integrated Falsework 2.3 Bending-Active Structures 2.4 Computational Frameworks 3 System Design 3.1 Falsework Plus Reinforcement: Bending-Active Double-Layered Gridshell 3.2 Formwork Shuttering: Knitted Textile 3.3 Concrete Shell Structure: Ribbed Funicular Shell 4 Computational Design Modelling Methods 4.1 Assembly Graph Data Structure 4.2 Form Finding of Ribbed Concrete Shell 4.3 Modelling of Double-Layered Gridshell 4.4 Form Finding and Structural Simulation of Gridshell 4.5 Translation to Fabrication Data 5 Results 5.1 Materialisation and Construction 5.2 Suitability of Double-Layered Gridshells as Concrete Falsework 6 Discussion and Outlook References Redefining Material Efficiency 1 Introduction 1.1 Related Work 2 Methods 2.1 Layout Generation 2.2 Layout Analysis and Optimization 2.3 Fabrication 3 Results 3.1 Layout Generation 3.2 Layout Optimization 3.3 Fabrication 4 Conclusion and Outlook References Strategies for Encoding Multi-dimensional Grading of Architectural Knitted Membranes 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Problem Definition and Goals 2 State of Art 2.1 Functionally Graded Structures 2.2 FGMs in Architecture and Construction 2.3 Knit as Multi-dimensional FGM 3 Multi-dimensional Knitted Membranes of Zoirotia 3.1 Core Parameters of Zoirotia Material Grading 3.2 Informing the Grading Models 3.3 Challenges of Knit Multi-dimensional Grading 4 Conclusion References Deep Sight - A Toolkit for Design-Focused Analysis of Volumetric Datasets 1 Introduction 2 State of the Art 3 Methods 4 Case Studies and Results 4.1 Material Quality Mapping in Structural Glulam Assemblies 4.2 Hyphal Network Feature Extraction in Fungal Colonies 4.3 Time-Based Simulation for Living Organisms 5 Conclusion References Spatial Lacing: A Novel Composite Material System for Fibrous Networks 1 Introduction 1.1 Fibre Systems 1.2 Textiles 1.3 Bobbin Lace 1.4 Filament Winding 1.5 Digital Craft 2 Method 2.1 Notational System 2.2 Node Studies 2.3 Fibre Topology 2.4 Computational Modelling 3 Demonstrator 3.1 Computational Design 3.2 Fabrication 4 Conclusion References Design for Humans and Non-Humans Investigating a Design and Construction Approach for Fungal Architectures 1 Introduction 2 State of the Art 3 Methods 4 Case Studies and Results 4.1 MBC Composition Studies 4.2 Steps Towards Weave and MBC Integration 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Demonstrating Material Impact 1 Introduction 2 Model Schema 2.1 Representing the Building Materials (BIM-LCA to BOM) 2.2 Representing Environmental Impacts (BOM to EPD) 2.3 Representing the Community and Community Health 2.4 Representing the Environment 2.5 EJ Impact Score 3 Testing the Method 3.1 Case Study 1: OpenHome - Seattle, Washington, USA 3.2 Case Study 2: Loblolly House – Taylor’s Island, Maryland, USA 4 Findings 5 Conclusion References A Framework for Managing Data in Multi-actor Fabrication Processes 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Relevance 2.2 State of the Art 3 Methodology 3.1 Model Initiation 3.2 Task Data Model 3.3 Robotic Task Searching 3.4 Task Distribution and Ordering 3.5 Fabrication Execution 4 Case Study 4.1 Design 4.2 Fabrication Environment 4.3 Tasks 4.4 Physical Fabrication 5 Results 6 Outlook References Author Index