The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Methodology

Description

The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Methodology provides a comprehensive overview of methodologies in translation studies, including both well-established and more recent methodological approaches. Organized into three sections, the first covers methodological issues in the two main paradigms to have emerged from within translation studies, namely Skopos Theory and Descriptive Translation Studies. The second section covers multi-disciplinary perspectives in research methodology, and considers their application in translation research. The third section deals with practical and pragmatic methodological issues and aspects. Each chapter provides a summary of relevant research, a literature overview, critical issues and topics, recommendations for best practice, and further reading. Bringing together over thirty eminent international scholars from a wide range of disciplinary and geographical backgrounds, this handbook is essential reading for all students and scholars involved in translation methodology and research. Cover Half Title Series Information Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Figures and tables Contributors 1 Methodology in Translation Studies: An Introduction Methods, Tools, Procedures, and Perspectives A Focus On Methodology The Structure and Contents of the Volume References Part I Internal Approaches 2 Action/skopos Theory Introduction/definitions Relevant Epistemological Considerations Literature Overview Main Research Methods Critical Issues and Topics Functionalism in Translator Training Functionalist Research On Norms and Conventions Functionalist Research On the Translation of Appellative Texts Functionalist Research On Literary and Bible Translation Functionalist Research On Legal Translation The Translator’s Workplace as an Object of Research Functionalism and Adaptation Studies Notes Further Reading References 3 Descriptive Translation Studies and Polysystem Theory Introduction Literature Overview: Polysystem Theory and Descriptive Translation Studies Itamar Even-Zohar’s Polysystem Studies (Poly)systems Centres and Peripheries System, Repertoire, Text Canonized Texts and Models Primary Vs. Secondary System and Repertoire System, Polysystem, Mega-Polysystem A ‘Scientific’ Approach Gideon Toury’s Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond Assumed Translation Translating Equivalence and Untranslatability Translation Norms Translation Laws Researching Translation Regularities, Norms, and Laws Designing a Research Project Within DTS and PT Ontological Considerations Epistemological Considerations Methodological Choices Objects Factors Relations Research Questions DTS as an Empirical Human Science Fundamental Vs. Applied Research Empirical Vs. Conceptual Research Inductive, Deductive, Abductive Research Goals of Empirical Research Variables and Relations Between Variables Categories and Classifications Critical Issues and Topics On Ontological and Epistemological Positions On the Study of Systems as Deterministic On the Focus On Collective Schemes On the Status of Norms and Laws On Research Ethics On Research Quality Further Reading References Part II Interdisciplinary Approaches 4 Anthropology and Cultural Translation Introduction and Definitions Relevant Epistemological Considerations Literature Overview Anthropology (1950s) Anthropology (Post–reflexive Turn, 1980s) Postcolonial Studies (1990s) Synthesis (2010s) Main Research Methods Anthropology (1950s) Types of Claims Acceptable Evidence Criteria for Evaluating Evidence and Claims Anthropology (Post–reflexive Turn, 1980s) Types of Claims Acceptable Evidence Criteria for Evaluating Evidence and Claims Postcolonial Studies (1990s) Types of Claims Acceptable Evidence Criteria for Evaluating Evidence and Claims Synthesis (2010s) Types of Claims Acceptable Evidence Criteria for Evaluating Evidence and Claims Recommendations for Research Practice Note Further Reading References 5 Cultural Studies Introduction Cultural Studies Literature Overview Main Research Methods and Recommendations for Practice André Lefevere’s ‘Translation: Ideology: On the Construction of Different Anne Franks’, 1992 Keith Harvey’s ‘Translating Camp Talk: Gay Identities and Cultural Transfer’, 1998 Future Directions Notes Further Reading References 6 Media Studies Introduction Media and Translation Studies Main Research Methods Quantitative Research Textual Analysis Ethnography Questionnaires, Interviews, and Focus Groups Historical and Archive Work Critical Issues and Topics Adaptation, Derivative Works, and Transformative Cultures Mediality Audiences Institutions Convergence Recommendations for Research Practice Note Further Reading References 7 Comparative Literature and World Literature Introduction: Definitions and Historical Development The Concept of World Literature Main Research Methods Comparative Literature and Translation Studies Critical Issues and Topics Comparative Literature in the Age of Globalization Comparative Literature and World Literature Comparative Literature and Cultural Studies Recommendations for Research Practice Note Further Reading References 8 Imagology Introduction and Scholarly Characterization Relevant Epistemological Consideration Literature Overview Main Research Methods Critical Issues and Topics Notes Further Reading References 9 Genetic Translation Studies Introduction and Definitions Relevant Epistemological Consideration Literature Overview in Translation Studies Main Research Methods Critical Issues and Topics Notes Further Reading References 10 Semiotics Introduction Semiotics of Translation: Literature Overview Translation From the Perspective of Peircean Semiotics (Also Known as Interpretative Semiotics) Translation From the Perspective of the Paris School of Semiotics Translation From the Perspective of the Tartu-Moscow School of Semiotics (Also Known as the Tartu School) Methods and Topics in the Semiotic Approach to Translation Conclusions Notes Further Reading References 11 Critical Discourse Analysis Philosophical Roots CDA: A Brief Survey CDA in Translation Studies Conducting CDA From a Translation Perspective and Recommendations for Research Practice Further Reading References 12 Contrastive Pragmatics Introduction General Background An Outline of the Field Literature Overview With a Focus On Translation Studies Translations in Contrastive Pragmatic Research Contrastive Pragmatics in Translation Research Main Research Methods Prototypical Contrastive Pragmatics Methods Translation and Comparable Corpora Critical Issues and Topics Recommendations for Research Practice Further Reading References 13 Systemic Functional Linguistics Introduction SFL’s Engagement With Translation Scale-and-category Theory Systemic Functional Theory Relevant Epistemological Considerations and SFL-Informed Contributions Stratification Instantiation Metafunctions Other SFL-Inspired Contributions Translation Quality Assessment SFL and Audiovisual Translation SFL and Didactics of Translation Conclusion and Recommendations for Research Practice Note Further Reading References 14 Corpus Linguistics Introduction and Definitions Relevant Epistemological Consideration Literature Overview: Corpora in Translation Studies Main Research Methods Critical Issues and Topics Recommendations for Research Practice Further Reading References 15 Conversation Analysis Introductory Epistemological Considerations Literature Overview Main Research Method Critical Issues and Topics Turns, Turn-Sequences, and the Construction of Understanding Interpreters’ Role and Responsible Participation Recommendations for Research Practice Further Reading References 16 Cultural Sociology Why Cultural Sociology? Definitions and Relevant Epistemological Considerations Literature Overview and Theoretical Concepts Main Research Methods Critical Issues and Topics Recommendations for Research Practice Further Reading References 17 Narrative Theory Introduction and Definitions Relevant Epistemological Considerations Literature Overview in Translation Studies Main Research Methods Critical Issues and Topics The Voice of the Translator in the Narrative Reliability and Ethics in Translating Narratives Recommendations for Research Practice Further Reading References 18 Conceptual Research in Translation Studies Introduction Historical Background: Disentangling Terminology Conceptual Research in the Humanities and Social Sciences Current and Future Trends in Translation Studies Current Trends Recent and Future Trends Conclusion Further Reading References 19 History and Translation Introduction and Definitions Literature Overview Milestones in Translation History National and Regional Histories of Translation Main Research Methods The Sources of (Translation) History Methodologies Critical Issues: Translation History Or/and History Through Translation? Recommendations for Research Practice Notes Further Reading References Part III Methods and Contexts 20 Research Data Introduction and Definitions Contexts of Application Data Collection Quantitative Data Qualitative Data Critical Issues and Topics Extreme Sample Sizes Emerging Data Sources Recommendations for Practice Notes Further Reading References 21 Ethnographic Research Introduction Definitions Participants and Products Contexts of Application Recommendations for Practice Select a Research Site and Gain Access to the Field Collect Naturally Occurring Data Manage the End of the Data-Gathering Phase Choose the Data Analysis Method Describe and Report Research Findings Critical Issues and Topics Position of the Researcher in the Field Trust Between Researchers and Participants Ethical Issues Choice of Participants Privacy And/or Anonymity Data Management Note Further Reading References 22 Cognitive Approaches to Interpreting Studies Introduction Literature Overview and Key Concepts Modeling Theories of Interpreting (The Effort Models) Working Memory in Interpreting Methods and Testing Experimental Designs: Participants and Variables Remote Interpreting Critical Issues and Topics Scholars Vs. Practitioners The Persisting Gap Interdisciplinarity Notes Further Reading References 23 Translation Process Research Introduction Quasi Experimental Research of Cognitive Processes Research Inspired By the Information-Processing Paradigm Topics and Methods: Problem-Solving and Competence Results and Critical Issues Research Inspired By Cognitive Translatology Topics and Methods Results and Critical Issues Observational Research of Cognitive Processes Contexts of Application and Topics: Collaborative Translation, the Workplace, Ergonomics Data Collection and Analysis Methods Results and Critical Issues The Cognitive Research of Texts Contexts of Application and Topics: Translation Universals, Translator Training Data Collection and Analysis Methods Results and Critical Issues Recommendations for Practice Further Reading References 24 Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing Introduction and Definitions Methods, Tools, and Users Building and Managing a Corpus Data Presentation and Visualisation Basic Computational Linguistics Methods Machine Learning Distributional Semantics Contexts of Application Critical Issues and Topics Recommendations for Practice Notes Further Reading References 25 Computer-Assisted Translation and Interpreting Tools Introduction Computer-assisted Translation and Interpreting CAT Tools CAI Tools Research Orientations Product-oriented CAT/CAI Research Product-oriented CAT Research Product-oriented CAI Research Process-oriented CAT/CAI Research Process-oriented CAT Research Process-oriented CAI Research Participant-oriented CAT/CAI Research Participant-oriented CAT Research Participant-oriented CAI Research Context-oriented CAT/CAI Research Context-oriented CAT Research Context-oriented CAI Research Critical Issues and Topics Notes Further Reading References 26 Audiovisual Translation and Multimedia and Game Localisation Introduction and Definitions Transfer Modes in AVT Process and Participants Products Critical Issues and Topics Reception Studies Collaborative Translation Quality Technology Accessibility Recommendations for Practice Further Reading References 27 Ethics in Digital Translation Practices Introduction Definitions of Key Concepts and Sites of Practice Machine Translation Non-professional Translation Methodological Considerations: Research Foci, Data Collection Methods, and Theoretical Frameworks Machine Translation Non-professional Translation Critical Issues: Ethical Challenges Ethical Issues in the Practices of MT and NPT Machine Translation Non-professional Translation Ethical Issues Raised in Research Methodologies Future Directions Notes Further Reading References 28 Translation and Accessibility: The Translation of Everyday Things Introduction Emerging Complexity Paradigms On Accessibility and Accessibility Studies On Disability and Critical Disability Studies For Some, for All, for More… Translation as Accessibility/accessibility as Translation Accessibility as Translation Creating Achievement Spaces Methodological Issues: Trying to Make the Complex Simple Further Reading References 29 Interpreter Education and Training Introduction Main Aspects of Interpreter Education Models, Players, and Curriculum Design Learners and Teachers Curriculum Design Course Objectives and Content Controversial Issues Assessment Purposes and Objects of Assessment Main Issues in Intermediate Assessment Marking Systems Input Variables in Assessment New Trends and New Tools in Interpreter Education ICT Contribution to Interpreting Educational Material Technology for Interpreter Education in the Lab and for Blended Learning Technology for Distance Interpreter Education Remote Interpreting: To Train Or Not to Train? Conclusions Notes Further Reading References 30 Translation Pedagogy in Higher Education Introduction Translation Pedagogy: Research Approaches Translation Teaching, Testing, and Curriculum Design Participants and Programmes Exemplary Research Into Curriculum Design Contexts of Application Exemplary Research Into Teaching and Testing Critical Issues and Topics Curriculum Planning and Design Translation Teaching Testing Techniques Recommendations for Practice Conclusions Notes Further Reading References Index